Problem aborcji w orzecznictwie Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka. Na podstawie wyroku z 26 maja 2011 r. w sprawie R.R. versus Polska

Author(s): Jacek Falski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2016

The termination of pregnancy is a complex issue in the legal, ethical, moral and religious dimensions. The author briefl y discusses the circumstances of the adoption in 1993 of a „compromise” Bill on Family Planning, Human Embryo Protection and Conditions of Permissibility of Abortion. But, above all, he provides a cross-sectional and synthetic analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on this issue. It is clear from the judgments of the Court (e.g. in cases A, B and C v. Ireland and R.R v. Poland), that it does not impose on the States Parties an obligation to introduce in their internal legal systems an unconditional right to abortion. But if such a right is granted, at least in a restricted extent, then — according to the Court — the State is under commitment to ensure procedural conditions for its real enforceability. In the judgment in R.R. v. Poland, the Court, finding pregnant women to be „in a situation of great vulnerability”, gave a new perspective to its earlier case law in this regard. For the first time in relation to this type of cases, it found the defendant guilty, inter alia, of violation of the prohibition of inhuman or degrading treatment (Article 3 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms).

Konstytucja kwietniowa i konstytucje republikańskich państw autorytarnych w międzywojennej Europie. Próba porównania — wybrane zagadnienia (część I)

Author(s): Władysław T. Kulesza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2016

The article deals with the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 23 April 1935as compared with constitutions of the authoritarian states of interwar Europe, which were republics.The scope of the analysis extends to the constitutions of: Albania — of 7 March 1925, Lithuania —of 15 May 1928 and 12 May1938, Portugal — of 19 March 1933, Austria — of 30 April 1934 and Estonia — of 28 July 1937. The comparison covers constitutional provisions concerning the head ofstate, government and parliament and the relationship between the executive and the legislative powers.Detailed insight into the texts of those constitutions allows us to identify their common elementstypical of an authoritarian state, primarily the position of the head of state, the hierarchy of President’sauthorities and protection primacy of the executive in its relations with the legislative. At thesame time, it makes it possible to identify particular differences in each of these constitutions, whichare sometimes unique in its content, e.g. a strong position of the head of government in relation tothe head of state (in Portugal and Austria), or implementing to a signifi cant extent the institution ofdirect democracy (in Estonia).

Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 12 stycznia 2016 r. (sygn. akt II PK 195/15) 189 Ryszard Jamka

Author(s): Marcin Gubała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2016

Glosa do postanowienia Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 25 lutego 2016 r. (sygn. akt I KZP 17/15)

Author(s): Ryszard Jamka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2016

Regulamin Zgromadzenia Narodowego. Refleksje na tle art. 114 ust. 2 Konstytucji RP

Author(s): Mateusz Radajewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The article deals with the rules of the National Assembly as a special kind of a normative act. Considerationof the issue is preceded by an overview of the history of the National Assembly in the Secondand the Third Republic of Poland, and presentation of disputes among the representatives of the legaldoctrine relating to the nature of the body. The fi rst major problem, discussed by the author, is the scopeof the Rules of Procedure of the National Assembly. In the subsequent part of the article, refl ections arepresented on the legal nature of the act and, in particular, its place in the system of sources of law. Inthe fi nal part of the article, the author examines some practical aspects involving the functioning of theprovision of Polish constitution requiring the National Assembly to adopt its Rules of Procedure.

Problematyka prawa wyborczego do ciał przedstawicielskich w pracach ustrojowych Sejmu II kadencji w okresie od 31 października 1928 r. do 6 lutego 1929 r.

Author(s): Kamil Kacperski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The process of changing the Constitution of March 17, 1921 was launched in the Sejm of the 2nd term on 31 October 1928. On that day, Walery Sławek, president of the Nonpartisan Bloc for Cooperation with the Government (BBWR), proposed that the Board adopted a resolution to initiate the revision of the basic law. This issue has become the subject of the debate, fi rst, at the Constitutional Committee (November–December 1928) and, then, in the plenary session of the Sejm (January 1929). During this period, the Deputies discussed and voted the procedures for the intended reform of the system of government. The decisions taken have acted as a catalyst for further legislative work. As a consequence, on 6 February 1929., BBWR submitted to the Sejm a draft revision of the March Constitution. The solutions contained therein, even if important, did not affect the basic mechanisms of creation of the Sejm and the Senate. Their scope and extent were limited, and the changes proposed point by point. The criticized principle of equal suffrage has not been deconstitutionalized. The concept of completing the composition of the Senate with the President’s appointees increased the ability to influence the functioning of parliament by the executive branch. However, in the face of radical proposals formulated by the Sanacja in the summer of 1928, it only partly realized the expectations then articulated. This fact confirms the assumption that the rationalization of the system of elections to representative bodies, as opposed to the issue of strengthening political institutions forming the executive, has not been a BBWR’s priority

Problem horyzontalnej skuteczności prawa do ochrony danych osobowych w świetle przepisów konstytucyjnych Polski i Szwajcarii

Author(s): Monika Florczak-Wątor,Dominika Blonski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

The authors examine the issue of horizontal effectiveness of the right to protect personal data in thelight of the Polish and Swiss constitutions. They attempt to answer the question of whether, to whatextent and how an individual can in each of these countries demand — on the basis of constitutionalregulation — that his or her personal data be respected by another individual. They provide ananalysis of the manner and scope of the constitutionalization of the right to personal data protectionin Poland and Switzerland, and conclude that in both countries it is possible to implement an indirecthorizontal model of operation of the right to protect personal data and the model of protectiveduties of the state in relation to this right. The legislature, when forming horizontal relationships, isbound by the constitutional right of personal data protection, and the court, in deciding disputes between private parties, is obliged to protect that right and take them into account in the interpretationof the statutory provisions.

Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 15 lipca 2014 r. (sygn. akt K 23/13)

Author(s): Marta Kolendowska-Matejczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 22 stycznia 2014 r. (sygn. akt III CSK 123/13)

Author(s): Iwona Wróblewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 22 stycznia 2014 r. (sygn. akt III CSK 123/13)

Author(s): Agata Niżnik-Mucha / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Konstytucyjność federalnego ustawodawstwa lobbingowego w USA

Author(s): Krzysztof Zwierzchowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Głos w dyskusji dotyczącej niewykonywania orzeczeń Trybunału Konstytucyjnego — obecny stan prawny i proponowane zmiany

Author(s): Grzegorz Kościelniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Zagadnienia parlamentarne w orzecznictwie innych państw Wielka Brytania: wyrok Królewskiego Sądu Apelacyjnego w Anglii (Sądu Apelacyjnego Anglii i Walii) z dnia 22 stycznia 2014 r., sprawa nr C1/2012/2835

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2015

Sejm a organy prokuratury

Author(s): Paweł Sarnecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The Act of 9 October 2009 separates the positions of Public Prosecutor General and Minister of Justice. Following its entry into force, the Public Prosecutor General has ceased to be a member of the Council of Ministers. The relevant existing powers of the Sejm relating to Minister of Justice cannot be exercised in relation to the Public Prosecutor General. The latter is no longer appointed by the Sejm, but by the President of the Republic of Poland. Moreover, the Sejm was deprived of its powerto perform oversight over the prosecutor’s office, but in practice the Public Prosecutor General quite often delivers information about his/her activities to the Sejm, especially to Sejm committees. Overall control over of the Public Prosecutor General (and — indirectly — over the entire Prosecutor’s Office) is exercised by the Prime Minister who examines annual reports submitted by the Public Prosecutor General. If the Prime Minister does not approve the report he/she may submit a request to the Sejm to dismiss the Prosecutor. Another channel by which the Sejm may exert influence on the Public Prosecutor General is probably the National Council of Public Prosecution, whose composition may contain four Deputies to the Sejm and two Senators.

Podstawa prawna do wydania aktu prawa wewnętrznego (na tle art. 93 ust. 2 Konstytucji)

Author(s): Adam Krzywoń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The aim of the article is to present an interpretation of the requirement that internal legal enactments be issued on the basis of statute (Article 93 para. 2 of the Constitution). This constitutional prerequisite provides the basis for two kinds of approach. Under the first one, Article 93(2) of the Constitution requires that an authorizing provision that defines the entity, the form and content of the internal enactment be created by statute. The second approach permits an internal enactments to bebased on the norms of statute which define the tasks and powers of a particular authority. In the author’s view, the interpretation of the statutory basis requirement should be made in reference to a number of constitutional principles, including reliability and efficiency of the constitutional bodies as well as the stability and permanence of legislation. In view of these values, the requirement for a statutory basis should be treated flexibly so as to provide an appropriate instrument to government administration to exert influence on its subordinate organizational structure.

W sprawie projektu ustawy o skróceniu kadencji sejmików województw

Author(s): Piotr Czarny,Andrzej Szmyt / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego z dnia 12 marca 2014 r. (sygn. akt P 27/13)

Author(s): Michał Ożóg / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 31 stycznia 2012 r. (sygn. akt II GSK 334/11)

Author(s): Wojciech Brzozowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Wznowienie postępowań sądowych po wyroku Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka

Author(s): Agata Bzdyńc,Dagmara Rajska,Klaudiusz Ryngielewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

Zagadnienia parlamentarne w orzecznictwie innych państw Indie: wyrok Sądu Najwyższego z 27 września 2013 r. w sprawie prawa do głosowania przeciwko wszystkim kandydatom, sygn. akt 161/2004

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015