Társadalmi reprodukció

Author(s): Gergely Csányi,Ágnes Gagyi,Ágnes Kerékgyártó / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 24/2018

The process during which the reproduction of life is integrated into capitalist production is usually referred to as reproduction, social reproduction, or reproductive labour. These concepts include the process during which capitalism transforms and makes use of the practices of love, sex, care and housework in a way that they fit the logic of capitalist accumulation. In our paper, we summarise the theoretical history of social reproduction: following the original concept of social reproduction of Marx and Engels, we look at ensuing waves of research using and critiquing this concept – feminist research, world-systems-focused research, research focusing on informal labour, peasants, or the exploitation of nature. Then we pose the question of what we may gain from these approaches for the understanding of Eastern-European social relations.

Az olcsó természet vége, avagy rájöttem, hogy nem kell félteni "a" természetet, meg is lehet szeretni a kapitalizmus válságát

Author(s): Jason W. Moore / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 25/2019

Does capitalism today face the “end of cheap nature”? If so, what could this mean, and what are the implications for the future? We are indeed witnessing the end of cheap nature in a historically specific sense. Rather than view the end of cheap nature as the reassertion of external “limits to growth,” I argue that capitalism has today exhausted the historical relation that produced cheap nature. The end of cheap nature is best comprehended as the exhaustion of the value-relations that have periodically restored the “Four Cheaps”: labor-power, food, energy, and raw materials. Crucially, these value-re-lations are co-produced by and through humans with the rest of nature. e decisive is-sue therefore turns on the relations that enfold and unfold successive configurations of human and extra-human nature, symbolically enabled and materially enacted, over the longue durée of the modern world-system. Significantly, the appropriation of unpaid work—including “free gifts” of nature—and the exploitation wage-labor form a dialectical unity. The limits to growth faced by capital today are real enough, and are “limits” co-produced through capitalism as world-ecology, joining the accumulation of capital, the pursuit of power, and the co-production of nature as an organic whole. The world-ecological limit of capital is capital itself.

A kapitalocén – avagy mibe kerül az olcsó természet?

Author(s): Attila Szigeti / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 25/2019

In the last decades the Capitalocene discourse was emerging in the Marxist ecological thinking. This approach offers a sociohistorical explanation to the current ecological crisis by questioning the historical narrative of the Anthropocene discourse. Authors of Capitalocene are arguing that climate change and ecological crisis was not caused by the collective and homogenous humanity (predetermined by the human nature). According them capitalism’s accumulative and expropriative socioeconomic relations are responsible for climate crisis.This paper analysis how Capitalocene-arguments are applying the Marxist critique of capitalism, especially the labour theory of value and its contemporary expansions and corrections in the understanding of the current ecological crisis. The first two subchapters are summarizing World-Ecology theory of Jason W. Moore, than I interpret the debate of Moore with the Metabolic Rift school (John Bellamy Foster, Paul Burkett, Andreas Malm and others), and finally I analyse the possible normative ecopolitics from the theoretical perspective of Capitalocene.In the last decades the so-called Capitalocene discourse was emerging in the Marxist ecological thinking. This approach offers a sociohistorical explanation of the current ecological crisis by questioning the historical narrative of the Anthropocene discourse. Authors of Capitalocene are arguing that climate change and ecological crisis were not caused by the collective and homogenous humanity (predetermined by the human nature) in general. According them capitalism’s accumulative and expropriative socioeconomic relations are responsible for climate crisis.This paper analysis how Capitalocene-arguments are applying the Marxist critique of capitalism, especially the labour theory of value and its contemporary expansions and corrections in the understanding of the current ecological crisis. The first two subsections are summarizing World-Ecology theory of Jason W. Moore, than the paper interprets the debate of Moore with the Metabolic Rift school (John Bellamy Foster, Paul Burkett, Andreas Malm and others), and finally it analyses the possible normative ecopolitics from the theoretical perspective of Capitalocene.

Ökofeminizmus

Author(s): Ariel Salleh / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 25/2019

Ecological feminism is sometimes understood as a subset of social ecology. This is true in as much as ecofeminism addresses the interaction of social and natural processes. However, it would be false to suggest that ecofeminism derives from social ecology, or from deep ecology, or eco-Marxism [Chapter 6]. Ecological feminism is sui generis; its first premise being that society–nature relations in the dominant global economy are fundamentally sex-gendered in both material and ideological senses. In this respect, ecofeminism takes a methodological quantum leap beyond other political frameworks. Ecofeminism is also distinct from liberal and socialist feminisms, since these perspectives focus rather uncritically on the pursuit of equality. Ecofeminists are not looking for an equal slice of a toxic pie. Attention to the positive and negative implications of sex-gender difference is prioritised by ecofeminists, before attending to an equality that simply reinforces Eurocentric masculinist values as the universal norm. Likewise, respect for the principle of difference as cultural autonomy joins ecofeminism and postcolonial concerns. Further, the framing of liberal and socialist feminisms has been anthropocentric, whereas ecofeminism is oriented towards oikos and the interconnection of all life on Earth.

Commentary piece

Author(s): Jennifer Marra / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Many of Ernst Cassirer’s later works are concerned with the dangers of political myth. His analysis speaks at length about the role of philosophy during the rise of the Third Reich, and Cassirer argues that philosophers failed to combat the dominant ideology. Today, philosophers struggle to explain their relevance to greater public and governmental powers that see no intrinsic value. Given the current political situation in the US, we find ourselves at a crossroads as philosophers. We can either retreat and remain within the comforts of academia, or we can take up arms against dangerous and divisive political forces. If we take Cassirer’s prescriptions seriously, we must choose the latter. Fortunately, philosophy has not disappeared from public consciousness completely. An emerging theme in contemporary cultural studies is the exploration of connections between humour and philosophy. I argue we ought to take advantage of the status of the comedian as public philosopher, and for philosophers to take seriously the political power of comedians. To do this responsibly, I analyse a portion of Cassirer’s work that has been widely ignored in scholarship – his understanding of the politics and morality of humour. By analysing these passages in relation to Cassirer’s later works, we are given the tools to understand the power of humour in political discourse, as well as the responsibility of that power. I argue that “joking responsibly”, for Cassirer, means to reveal the motives and values which underlie sophistry, particularly the sort which lends itself to political manipulation.

Основанията на науката в изследванията на руския учен Вячеслав Семьонович Стьопин

Author(s): Nikoleta Mihaleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The focus of the article is a philosophical and methodological reflection of V.S. Styopin on three main components of the foundations of science: ideals and norms of scientific research, the scientific picture of the world and the philosophical foundations of science. Each of them, in turn, has a rather complex internal structure. Therefore, the task of the article is not limited to the development of perceptions of these three "blocks" of foundations, which has been thoroughly achieved by a number of authors, including Styopin, but mainly to what extent these grounds express important values and goals and dimensions of science.

Артефакти 1. Дефиниция

Author(s): Serghey Gherdjikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

In this paper I present a definition of artifact based on cases of philosophical and scientific use: anthropogenic abiotic virtual or real object with meaning and/or function. This definition is proposed in a new dimension: real–virtual, which purports to replace the classical opposition material–ideal as a better way of defining what an artifact is. I consider as virtual here not only digital simulations, but all sign forms. I show that my definition works better in explaining artifacts. I follow empirical science as a technique of studying artifacts, and subscribe to the anthropological paradigm.

Култура и политики на паметта в Германия - предпоставки и критика

Author(s): Daniela Decheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The paper analyses the contemporary debate about memory culture and memory policy in Germany which are highly valid for Europe as well. They base on the political consensus that the memory of collective crimes committed in the past, especially of the Holocaust, and the honour to the victims, are a basic prerequisite for the protection of human rights. In the second part of the paper different critical views on the conception and practice of memory culture and memory policy in Germany are discussed.

A pedagógia elnyomottja

Author(s): Tamás Tóth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 28/2021

The most common way of articulating educational problems and questions is by speaking the language of social sciences, and using the grammar of political logics. What is the proportion of disadvantaged students? Does this and that project for inclusion appear to be effective? Since when has the school been reproducing inequalities? And so on. What I would like to discuss here is that it is possible to talk about education educationally and along educational logics. While the logic of the political refers to the way the social is born, the logic of the educational signifies the way birth becomes social – namely, our collective and political attitude toward the fact that newcomers are constantly coming into our common and old world. I will present four educational logics characteristic of our epoch, which are discussed in depth by the proponents of an experimentative critical pedagogy. They do understand these logics of the educational in a radically different, twisted way if compared to the mainstream educational discourse, thus laying the groundwork for a new kind of radical left-wing pedagogy. In agreement with them, I want to argue here that pedagogy is not the praxis of the future, but of the present, in which it is more important not to know certain things than to want to know everything, because this is how we can break the chains of the prevailing order here and now: by putting gods and masters into brackets, and ignoring the expectations of the society, as well as the hopes of yesterday which constantly defer revolution.

Logic and reasoning in jokes

Author(s): Graeme Ritchie / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

It has often been remarked that jokes involve some form of distorted logic, but the details ofthis joke logic have not been fully explored. We offer a contribution to the methodology of thisexploration by clarifying some abstract theoretical distinctions. Firstly, we separate twocrucially different notions of “reasoning” which are relevant to joke comprehension: internallogic and audience inference. Internal logic is a system of logical rules, in the traditionalsense, which define relationships within the fictional world of the joke, particularly therelation of consequence. Audience inference is a dynamic process which the recipient of ajoke undertakes in order to make sense of it. Previous writings on the topic of logic in jokesseem to conflate these two very different concepts. Another distinction which is sometimesoverlooked is between internal logic and other joke techniques with different functions, suchas strategies for presenting information. We also consider whether the logic of jokes requiresa qualitatively different inference mechanism from that of conventional logic, concluding thatthere is not yet any evidence to suggest this. Finally, we reflect on how we might go on toaddress the open question of what is possible as pseudo-logic within a joke.

Преподаването на манифеста

Author(s): Irena Dimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

In this article, we look at the genre of the manifesto and its possible uses in high school. First, we point out some basic characteristics of this type of text and link them to the idea of a “form of rebellion”. Second, we make a connection between teaching literature in school with teaching the literary events and facts as part of the so-called literary narrative, i.e., putting the phenomena into the larger framework of what is happening in the cultural context of the observed period. We propose a possible way of teaching the manifesto, based on an example of the aesthetico-theoretical work of Geo Milev, having in mind that the author has texts with the characteristics of a manifesto, not complete manifestos.

Utopia of School, Disobedience, and Translation. Two Biblical Myths in the Interpretation of Erich Fromm and George Steiner

Author(s): Rafał Włodarczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 55 (2)/2020

It can be assumed that two biblical myths – about Adam and Eve leaving the Garden of Eden and about the builders from Babel – are interesting expressions of the utopian imagination, because these myths narrate about two places where projects of sufficiently perfect social order were implemented in two different ways. At present, the school is one of the places that could be understood as the ambiguous effect of an implemented utopia of the industrial revolution era; the school is an education space designed as an important part of the project of a sufficiently perfect social order. Two original readings of the mentioned biblical myths – by Erich Fromm and George Steiner – shall contribute some new themes and outlooks to the discussion of the condition of the modern school and the discourses of critical pedagogy or the pedagogy of resistance and hermeneutic pedagogy.

Wstęp

Author(s): Dominik Bień,Krzysztof Jakubiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2019

The Principal Kingdoms of the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa as reflecting the four puruṣārthas

Author(s): B.N. Hebbar / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This study looks into the metaphorical understanding of the four principal kingdoms of the Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, i.e., Ayodhyā, Kiṣkindhā, Laṅkā and Mithilā, in terms of the four puruṣārthas of Hinduism, i.e., dharma, artha, kāma and mokṣa. The question is whether Vālmīki was creating a story to illustrate the four puruṣārthas in the form of a magnificent epic with all its plots, twists, intrigues and excitements. Not only do the three main kingdoms fit the trivarga order but seemed to be so aligned geographically north to south with Mithilā being the apavarga as does mokṣa among the puruṣārthas.

On the image of Padmasambhava in Tibetan texts preceding Zangs gling ma

Author(s): Iulian Lucian Maidanuc / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This paper reviews five texts regarding Padmasambhava, which were written before Zangs gling ma (dBa' bzhed and four manuscripts discovered in Dunhuang – Pelliot tibétain 44, IOL Tib 321, IOL Tib J 644 and Pelliot tibétain 307), in an attempt to outline a historical portrait of Padmasambhava, different from the mythologized portrait shaped by Zangs gling ma and the revealed biographies following it.

The House of Tagore

Author(s): Mihaela Gligor / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Rabindranath Tagore was the first Nobel laureate of Asia. In 1913 he received the prestigious prize for Gitanjali (Song Offerings), his volume of poetry. He was born in Calcutta into a wealthy Brahmin family. He was well educated and very talented. He was a poet, philosopher, writer, playwright, songwriter, painter, and educator. He was a very charismatic person and he traveled a lot. He held lectures at several important universities of the world, had encounters with extraordinary people, and received many honorific degrees. During his life time he created a remarkable oeuvre, and his legacy is monumental. At 160 years after his birth, Rabindranath Tagore’s genius is celebrated across the globe. This study presents a short history of his incredible family, which had an important role in the Bengali cultural renaissance.

The import of Hindi popular films in Communist Romania. Brief radiography of the context

Author(s): Diana Smeu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

During the Communist period, Romania encountered an interesting phenomenon, specific for several Socialist countries: the import of Indian (mostly Hindi) films – a visual and musical treat for the Romanian audience. Their appeal can be analysed in numerous ways: Hindi films were special for their look into foreign places, for their musical quality, for their escapism, for their appeal to the Roma community. Taking into consideration the history of the India-Romania intersection, the import of Indian films provided a premiere: for the first time, Indian cultural objects were accessible for a larger number of people, because of cinema’s quality to address the masses.

review at Ori Z. Soltes (Ed.), Growing Up Jewish in India. Synagogues, Customs, and Communities from the Bene Israel to the Art of Siona Benjamin, Niyogi Books, New Delhi, 2021.

Author(s): Mihaela Gligor / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

review

COUNSELING CLASSES SEEN AS SCHOOL AND PROFESSIONAL COUNSELING ACTIVITIES FOR THE STUDENTS

Author(s): Oana Maria Ciuchi / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2020

The paper below is a synthetic presentation of all the forms, characteristics, particularities of the counseling activities performed by a homeroom teacher in his capacity as coordinator of a class of pupils in the Romanian pre-university education but also a review of the methods, the techniques and tools necessary to carry out such an activity. For the pupils in the age category corresponding to the secondary education, the counseling activities carried out by teachers or school counselors are necessary for their socio-professional development

Forgiveness as a method of (self)healing: a procedural-psychological analysis

Author(s): Narcisa Loredana Posteuca-Esi / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2020

Modern psychological approaches include forgiveness as a landmark in the healing process, considering that its benefits do not resume to mind comfort, but it also address to emotional, relational, social and general health issues. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the role of forgiveness as a coping mechanism, but also as a major focus point when dealing with healing strategies. This analytic approach intends to offer a clarified overview concerning the dimensions that forgiveness enact in human life, but also its role and functions within the acceptance – rebalance – reconciliation strategies. Moreover, incorporating this concept in guided healing and self-healing depends on the experimental evidences, but also on a good understanding forgiveness as a process, but also as a final or intermediary objective in therapy is required.