Machiavelli și machiavelismul în cultura română. Primele traduceri

Author(s): Cristina Ion / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2001

Comment Machiavel est-il entré dans la culture roumaine, comment a-t-il été reçu? La réception roumaine de l’oeuvre du secrétaire florentin est analysée, tout au long du XIXe siécle, au niveau des commentaires, des reprises, des traductions et du vocabulaire. Sur un premier volet la lecture roumaine de Machiavel reprend les grandes lignes du débat européen sur la question. Cité, repris ou traduit surtout de maniére parémiologique, Machiavel est engagé dans la dispute politique roumaine de I’époque et il est également appelé a fournir des arguments en faveur de l’irredenta roumaine. Machiavel est donc moins regu comme penseur et fondateur de la politique moderne, qu’en tant que héraut de l’unité nationale, italienne et toute autre. En second lieu, l’examen du vocabulaire mis en oeuvre au niveau des traductions révéle tant le dégré de maturité conceptuelle de la langue roumaine, que la maniére dont les traducteurs roumains et leur public éntendaient comprendre et interpréter Machiavel.

Blîndețea filosofului politic. In amintirea lui Norberto Bobbio

Author(s): Daniel Barbu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2004

In order to individualize Norberto Bobbio as a political philosopher, the ar­ticle explores the meanings and uses the Italian author assigned to political philosophy. In so doing, the paper draws mainly on a later work, Elogio della mitezza e altri scritti morali (Pratiche Editrice, Milano, 1998), which was pu­blished in English under the title "In praise of meekness", in Convivium. Jour­nal of Ideas in Italian Studies, I, no. 1,1995, pp. 21-38. The paper's contention is that Bobbio uses once again his analytical method of understanding a concept by exploring its opposite. Thus, the Italian political philosopher goes against the mainstream that, from Machiavelli to Schmitt, focuses on aristocratic and heroic political virtues as courage, magnanimity, discretion, and the like in­ tended to empower some people to govern most of the people. Bobbio takes the side of a non-political virtue, namely meekness, described as the virtue of the private citizen who has no ambition to rule over things or people. Bobbio argues that a better appraisal of what politics is can therefore be achieved by considering what is beyond politics.

Русь и её святые в славянском учении Иоанна Павла II. Между историей и настоящим

Author(s): Grzegorz Przebinda / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 3/2020

The article attempts a synthetic description of the attitude of John Paul II – “the Pope from Poland” – to the religious tradition of Kievan Rus, a territory of shared spiritual and historical heritage for Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. Identifying himself with the heritage of the Jagiellonian Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, John Paul II preached the “ecumenism of a greater Europe” in his official documents and statements, during his pilgrimages, and through the example of his own life. His teaching encompassed both, the Catholic West and Central Europe, with their spiritual patron in the figure of St. Benedict, as well as the Orthodox and Greek Catholic Eastern Europe, patroned by the brother saints Cyril and Methodius. Speaking of European spirituality the Polish Pope often referred to the metaphor of “the two lungs of Christianity” coined by the Russian symbolist poet and thinker, Vyacheslav Ivanov, in 1930. This broad ecumenical concept, which stands at the basis of the Pope’s vision of “Europe from the Atlantic to the Ural Mountains,” brings together the Roman Catholics, the Greek Catholics of the Byzantine Rite, and the members of all the Orthodox churches functioning among the nations of southern and eastern Europe. The article underlines the importance of the ecumenical stance of the Polish Pope and shows how his openness towards the Russian Orthodox Church prepared ground for the first historical meeting of a pope and a patriarch of Moscow – this epochal event happened in Cuba on 12 February 2016 between Pope Francis I and the Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus’ Cyril I.

Политическата памет

Author(s): Paul Ricoeur / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1998

Консенсусът по Рикъор и по български - желан, търсен, необходим, прокламиран, невъзможен, неискан, провален

Author(s): Mihail Nedelchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1998

Co to znaczy być krytycznym realistą? Dwie różne odpowiedzi: Nicolai Hartmann i Richard Hönigswald

Author(s): Iwona Alechnowicz-Skrzypek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2022

Iwona Alechnowicz-Skrzypek’s aim in this paper is to compare the two nonspecific Neo Kantians, admittedly both representing critical realism. Nicolai Hartmann, a follower of the Marburg School, was an idealist before becoming a critical realist, while Richard Hönigswald, a student of Alois Riehl, held on to the position of critical realism from the beginning of his philosophical career. There are many similarities between Hartmann and Hӧnigswald in terms of their understanding of the concept of realism. There are also several differences, which mostly relate to how they addressed the question of the thingin-itself. The most important difference concerns their solution of the problem of empirical data as a basis for the mental representation of objects. A comparison of Hartmann’s and Hönigswald’s approaches to this problem helps us to understand why both are considered non-specific neo-Kantians.

Listy Gottloba Fregego. Uwagi o polskim wydaniu [rec. Gottlob Frege: „Korespondencja naukowa”]

Author(s): Krystian Bogucki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2022

The present article reviews the Polish-language edition of Gottlob Frege’s scientific correspondence. In the article, I discuss the material hitherto unpublished in Polish in relation to the remainder of Frege’s works. First of all, I inquire into the role and nature of definitions. Then, I consider Frege’s recognition criteria for sameness of thoughts. In the article’s third part, I study letters devoted to the principle of semantic compositionality, while in the fourth part I discuss Frege’s remarks concerning the context principle.

The Grand Economy: Nietzsche and the virtual political economy of life

Author(s): Sercan Çalcı / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Tracing the themes of political economy in Nietzsche’s thought, this article has two main purposes. The first of these is to problematize some narratives such as eternal return, will to power, and revaluation of values, which are the crucial concepts of Nietzsche’s thought, in the critique of political economy. The second is to re-read Nietzsche’s themes of political economy in conjunction with the concept of the virtual political economy of life, to link Nietzsche’s ‘grand politics’ with the overshadowed concept of ‘grand economy’ by making the move that put Nietzsche’s hammer on the idols of the established grammar of political economy. All of these themes are part of an economy of power that goes against the grasp of economics and political economy by grammatical thought. I call this political economy the virtual political economy of life.

Пазарно конструиране на ценност в практиките на съвременното изкуство

Author(s): Nikolina Deleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The general commercialization of all spiritual fields in modern society removes them from the sphere of the sacred and turns them into a commodity. Art loses autonomy and identity, becomes indistinguishable from non-art, and all its evaluations outside the sphere of the market are relativized and illegitimate due to the lack of aesthetic norms. The article examines the market and social mechanisms that replace aesthetic criteria in the evaluation of contemporary collectible art.

Изгубената памет, изгубеното по пътя: антихуманистичният скептицизъм в романа „Везни“ на Павел Вежинов

Author(s): Plamen Antov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article examines the last novel of Pavel Vezhinov–Libra (1982), which in a narrower sense also culminates the last, clearly separated period/section in the writer’s work–the philosophical-scientific one (after the novel The Barrier, 1976). Here, the novel’s fiction masks in a highly stripped-down fashion a central scientific theory, both civilizational and biological–of human evolution as devolution. Part of a larger study, the article discusses the P. Vezhinov’s radical anti-humanist criticism in the broad context of late modern philosophical skepticism (Heidegger, Deep Ecology) and its autochthonous reflections in Bulgarian literature during the second half of the twentieth century.

„Бялата стая“: отвъд текста и контекста

Author(s): Tatyana Batuleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The essay is dedicated to Bogomil Raynov's story Roads to Nowhere and the script of the film “The White Room” based on it. Through parallels with examples of existentialist literature and authors such as J.-P. Sartre and A. Camus, it is shown that the work bears the marks of a literary work created with the pathos of existentialism, which encodes the main stages and dimensions of rebellion (metaphysical, political, artistic). The role of the color white, internal monologue, movement, detail, and the convergent-divergent effect obtained from the use of the second person in the narrative is emphasized. The external signs of chaos and awareness of the absurd are sought. The thesis is defended that with the story Raynov in his way reaches the idea of the conscious choice of responsibility and human solidarity of Je me révolte, donc nous sommes (I rebel, therefore we are!) of Camus.

Осемнадесета национална конференция по етика: Вяра и доверие – етически аспекти и морални ценности

Author(s): Vasil Lozanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

This paper is a review of the 18th National Ethics Conference that took place in November 2022 and was organized by the Department of Ethical Studies of the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The aim of this review is to give publicity to the event by informing of the thematic panels, the titles of the reports and the names of the researchers who participated.

Przestępstwa przeciwko zwierzętom na gruncie ustawy o ochronie zwierząt

Author(s): Anna Fijałkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2023

The article discusses regulations concerning the crimes of killing and abusing animals in the Polish legal system. The provisions of the Regulation of the President of the Republic of Poland of March 22, 1928 and the Act on the Protection of Animals of August 21, 1997 are analyzed. The following topics are discussed: the history of the provisions on crimes against animals, the subject of protection of the provisions of the Act on the Protection of Animals, along with considerations regarding the subjectivity of animals. The subject-matter of crimes that fall within this category is also considered, i.e., a description of the premises which make it possible to classify a given act as a crime. The subject of prohibited acts as well as the subjective side in the form of the perpetrator’s motivation are analyzed as well.

Spojrzenie „bez podmiotu”. [Recenzja książki Aleksandry Ubertowskiej „Historie biotyczne. Pomiędzy estetyką a geotraumą”. Warszawa: Instytut Badań Literackich PAN, 2020]

Author(s): Katarzyna Koza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2023

The text is a review of Aleksandra Ubertowska’s book, Historie biotyczne. Pomiędzy estetyką a geotraumą [Biotic histories. Between aesthetics and geotrauma]. The starting point becomes the biocentric lens applied by the researcher and the geo-story behind it. Equally interesting and important are the possibilities of ecocritical theories in interpretation and their application in the Polish ground.

ТРАКАЙКИ ПО АДМИНИСТРАТИВНАТА КЛАВИАТУРА НА СЪДЕБНАТА СИСТЕМА

Author(s): Stiliyan Yotov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

How accurately do we assess the positions of judges in the field of administrative law and judicial administration? Given the administration of one of the separated powers, is a more specialized approach needed, or from a more general view inherent in social theories and their complex nature? Faced with this dilemma, I am deciding to rely on attempts to start from models of organizational sociology in general before turning to justice. Moreover, the lessons of the great and modern sociologist Niklas Luhmann (1927-1998), a lawyer by education, and initially a specialist in public administration, make me feel a certain hesitation regarding the justifications of the Bulgarian judges for the functioning of the authorities.

Fizyczne i społeczno-kulturowe rany bohaterek współczesnej fantastyki młodzieżowej w świetle feminizmu korporalnego

Author(s): Weronika Kostecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 46/2023

The subject of the article is the wounded body of heroines of young adult fantasy, understood as a socio-cultural construction and an element of female identity. By referring to the key assumptions of corporeal feminism (represented, for example, by Elizabeth Grosz, Ewa Hyży, and Monika Świerkosz), I analyze three novel series: The Mirror Visitor by Christelle Dabos, Shadow and Bone by Leigh Bardugo, and The Jewel by Amy Ewing. I examine how the heroines’ bodies determine their place in the social hierarchy, how the heroines experience the world through their bodies, and whether they own their bodies in a cultural, social, and political sense. I point to the importance of tormenting the protagonists’ bodies as an obligatory way to female emancipation.

Приложение на теорията на Грайс в лингвистични изследвания

Author(s): Elena Tsvetkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2023

Two tasks are assigned to this article, related to Grice's theory of conversational implicatures. One of them is concerned with the distinction that Mark Jary proposes between behavioral and material conversational implicatures and the idea that, if this distinction is accepted, then Grice’s notion of non-natural meaning is reduced to cases of behavioral implicatures. An attempt is made to disprove this position and simultaneously maintain the distinction between the two types of implicature. The second task is related to the application of Grice’s theory in linguistic studies to further develop explanations for the processing of utterances containing metaphor or irony.

Философията в интелектуалното поле на университета. Уводни думи

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Корелацията „история–пространство“ в ракурса на антропологическата философия на историята на Асен Игнатов

Author(s): Georgi Belogashev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

This article aims to clarify Asen Ignatov’s grounds for the specific interpretation of time and space as existential factors and conditions for the immediate realization of human history, the forms of its manifestation, and the directions of its development. At the same time, the comparative analysis is related to indicating the essential characteristics of time and space, as well as the parameters of their epistemological scope in the explanation of history and what is happening in it. Based on the conclusions drawn, the article attempts to outline the essence of space and its correlation with history in more detail. Simultaneously, it also aims to examine the reasons for accepting or rejecting the hypothesis of the temporal constancy of Ignatov’s ideas during the various stages of his versatile work.

Ideologiczne, polityczne i filozoficzne podstawy polityki naukowej i przemysłowej niemieckiej partii Zielonych w latach 80. i 90. XX w.: przypadek „miękkiej chemii” (sanfte Chemie)

Author(s): Marcin Krasnodębski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2023

Sanfte Chemie, or soft chemistry, is a scientific and philosophical concept developed in the 1980s under the auspices of the German Green Party (Die Grünen). Its purpose was to thoroughly reconstruct not only the chemical industry but also chemistry as a science in the spirit of environmentalism. Soft chemistry followers wanted to forge a new scientific method and criticized what they called a Baconian-Cartesian paradigm in the philosophy of science. Even though the sanfte Chemie project ceased to be endorsed by the Green Party in the 1990s because of its radicalism, the history of epistemological foundations, on which the soft chemistry was built, gives us a privileged insight into a vision of chemical sciences as advocated by early proponents of sustainability and pioneers of environmental movements.The article analyses sources of sanfte Chemie, highlighting plurality and complexity of scientific, philosophical, political and ideological traditions that served as its basis. The study of the eco-critical narratives on empirical sciences allows us to better understand subsequent political choices concerning science, industry and the environment in Germany. In particular, the article shows that the tradition on which sanfte Chemie was built, gives it the advantage over later concepts, such as green chemistry, that lack philosophical depth.The purpose of the article is to question the relation between the philosophy of science and the practice of science and ponder whether different chemistry is possible at all.