CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

ПРОТЕСТАНТСКИЙ И КАТОЛИЧЕСКИЙ НЕОАРИСТОТЕЛИЗМ В НЕМЕЦКОЙ ФИЛОСОФИИ XIX В. ФРАНЦ БРЕНТАНО О МНОГОЗНАЧНОСТИ СУЩЕГО У АРИСТОТЕЛЯ

Author(s): Roman Gromov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

. In the philosophical literature of the 19th century Neo-aristotelianism was considered to be an influential philosophical trend, which was initiated, first of all, by A. Trendelenburg and his disciples. A revival of the Aristotelian and Thomistic tradition in early German Neo-scholasticism of the 19th century can also be considered an important part of the Aristotelian renaissance of that period. In the article I attempt to differentiate the Protestant and the Catholic branches of the Neo-aristotelianism in German philosophy of the period in question on the basis of an analysis of the Aristotelian exegetics in the early works by F. Brentano, a disciple of Trendelenburg and an adherent of the Neo-scholastic movement.

More...

К ВОПРОСУ О ЗНАЧЕНИИ ТЕРМИНА HYBRIS В АРХАИЧЕСКИЙ ПЕРИОД

Author(s): Sergey Shevtsov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

Do modern languages capture the true meaning of the Archaic Greek term hybris? Scholarly opinions vary a great deal and interpretations of the relevant texts (from Homer to Pindar) are still problematic. Based on the analysis provided, I offer a new hypothesis regarding the relation between the term and the first element in the binary opposition of nature / culture suggested by Claude Lévi-Strauss. To my mind the numerous meanings of hybris can be ultimately combined into the idea of “behavior related to nature and opposed to culture”.

More...

АНТИЧНАЯ МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ СИМПТОМАТОЛОГИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННАЯ СЕМИОТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯ

Author(s): Evgeny Nayman / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

This article focuses on the role of the medical semiotics of Hippocrates and Galen in the formation of Western semiotic theory. In ancient medical practice symptomatology was an essential part of semiotics, and the symptom was a model sign. But over time, the strong association of clinical and philosophical semiotics was destroyed. The article analyzes the causes of this historical gap and the marginalization of the symptom as a special type of sign, and identifies the philosophical questions of symptomatology: the relationship between the symptom and sign, the symptom and its denotation, and the subjective and the objective side of the symptom. The article demonstrates the relevance of symptomatology to the development of computer technology and artificial intelligence theory, and to the interpretation of disease in modern medicine. The author argues that currently there is a need for the reestablishment of semiology in the sphere from which it originated – the field of medical biology. The philosophy of medicine, psychology, biology, linguistics, communication theory and semiotics must rebuild the strong theoretical connection that flourished in the Greco-Roman era.

More...

СЕМИОЗИС ВЛАСТИ В СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОМ ТИПЕ КУЛЬТУРЫ

Author(s): Sergey Sannikov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article presents analysis of the texts, functioning in the system of codes of culture, where the dominant role is played by semantic (symbolic) type of cultural code. The subject of research is the process of creation and functioning of signs of political power. Application of semiotic research methods allowed classifying symbolic power components in the semantic type of culture, revealing features of semiosis of the three main types of sign (symbols, indexes and icons), and considering of the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic di-mensions of semiosis of power. Results of the study provide evidence to suggest that cultural code that implies relation to a sign within a particular culture is immanent to a sign itself and can be regarded as a key component of the pragmatic dimension of semiosis.

More...

ПЛАТОН И АТЛАНТИДА. Обзор книги: Rudberg, Gunnar. Atlantis and Syracuse. Did Plato’s Experience on Sicily Inspire the Legend? A Study on Plato’s Later

Author(s): Anna Afonasina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The book by Gunnar Rudberg is dedicated to the well-known and exciting legend on Atlantis. The author carefully considers different opinions, starting from late antiquity and finishing with the beginning of the twentieth century. The main question that he proposes to answer is: Did anything in reality correspond to the Plato’s story or it must be taken as a pure invention by the Athenian philosopher? Did he invent the island with this unique political structure or took some polis as a prototype? Having considered various hypotheses proposed by the scholars from Antiquity to the present times, he himself suggests that at the time of Plato the Sicilian Syracuse could be such an example and concludes that this city had become Plato’s prototype.

More...

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕОРИИ ЕСТЕСТВЕННОГО ПРАВА И КЛАССИЧЕСКАЯ ТРАДИЦИЯ

Author(s): Anton Didikin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The paper attempts to analyze the historical aspects of the formation of some modern natural law theories in legal philosophy of the 20th century. It considers discussions between legal positivism and legal naturalism about the nature of law and the ways this dis-cussion influenced modern legal philosophy. The conceptual grounds and methodology of legal theory is sketched against the background of the broader classical tradition extending from antiquity to early modernity. The author suggests a new approach to the historical research designed to analyze the development of modern legal ideas and natural law theories in legal philosophy.

More...

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ПЛАТОНИЗМ

Author(s): Vitaly Tselishchev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article discusses the origin and justification of the term "mathematical Platonism" in the research program of the modern philosophy of mathematics, originated with Frege. It is shown that intuitive understanding of mathematical knowledge as a description of mathematical reality, independent of human consciousness, adopted by community of working mathematicians is consistent with a number of aspects of Plato's philosophy, in particular his concept of the existence of extrasensory world of ideal objects. I discuss various objections to mathematical Platonism, in particular nominalistic view of mathematics and the problem of epistemic access to abstract objects of mathematics. As a response to these objections I consider the radical kind of Platonism, the so-called “Full-blooded Platonism” that expands the existence of mathematical objects to potentially viable entities that largely change the original Frege’s research program.

More...

ТЕРМИН PROAIRESIS И БОГОСЛОВИЕ ЛИЧНОСТИ

Author(s): Methodius Zinkovski / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article is dedicated to the history of the development of the term «proairesis», which is directly linked to but not identical with the notion of will. When «proairesis» is considered in the framework of notions of the lack of knowledge and the possibility of sinful choice it cannot be attributed to God or to the saints. But in a wider perspective this term reflects a subjective mode of the employment of the natural will and energy. «Proairesis» describes both a hypostatically determined direction of action and the state of nature of the willing personality. I give special attention to such features that form the notion of “proairesis”, as its super-naturality, its synthetic character and intentionality.

More...

«О ГРАДЕ БОЖЬЕМ» И СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ФИЛОСОФИЯ ИСТОРИИ ИЛИ ЧТО НАМ МОГУТ СКАЗАТЬ РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ АВГУСТИНА ОБ ИСТОРИИ

Author(s): Sofiya Sukhanova,Vasily Syrov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article discusses the role of the historical views of Augustine in contemporary historical thought. The object of analysis is his major work, The City of God. The main thesis is that Augustine’s notion of history can be interpreted not only as a prerequisite for the formation of modern historical thought, but also as a source of its further development. The author’s position is based on the trend in historiography asserting that Augustine has a critical attitude toward the historical views of the Christians and the pagans. An analysis of Au-gustine’s statements in The City of God confirms his critical attitude toward any attempts to connect the date of the end of the world with the concrete events or to connect the direction of the course of the world history with the growth of Christian beliefs. Augustine’s judgment that the sense of calamities is equally applicable to the Christians and the pagans allows interpreting his view of the past not as a linear and continuous course, but as a series of historical experiences designed to test the strength of everyone’s religious beliefs. Augustine’s judgments about the inextricable mixing of the two cities and the wandering of the City of God allow interpreting the status of the idea of the City as a historical value that provides a choice of historical plots and types of historical narrative. This interpretation of Augustine’s views leads to reconsidering of the conventional theses about the providentialism and teleology of his general religious concept. It is asserted that in Augustine, they characterize the general sense of worldly existence, but not the direction of the historical process. In conclusion we state that the interpretation of the past as a series of historical experiences basically corresponds with general orientations of the modern historical thought and correlates with the providential and teleological ideas of the general religious concept of Augustine.

More...

ПрАВИЛА, ЮРИДИЧЕСКИЙ ЯЗЫК И РЕЧЕВЫЕ АКТЫ

Author(s): Valery Surovtsev,Vitaly Ogleznev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article deals with the nature of legal rules. The authors argue that if all legal rules have obligative character, it means that they have the imperative nature. The article shows that the main feature of legal language is that for an explication of imperative character of legal rules is enough the fact of existence of this rule in particular legal system. Besides, an application of several points of the theory of speech acts to legal language allows showing that the question on what kind of linguistic form an imperative has (order, command, plea, etc.), doesn’t matter, because this is always the legal rule.

More...

ПОНЯТИЕ СПРАВЕДЛИВОСТИ В ТРУДАХ ИСИДОРА СЕВИЛЬСКОГО

Author(s): Elena Marey / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article is dedicated to the Latin concepts aequitas and iustitia in the works of Isidore of Seville. The “first Encyclopedic mind of the Middle Ages”, Isidore was guided in his works (the “Etymologies”, “Differences” and “Sentences”, studied in this article) by the Roman legal tradition as well as the Christian tradition of use of these concepts. According to Isidore, justice (iustitia) is related to the written law (ius); this word is primarily used with reference to mundane justice and legislation. In the same time it may be a just legal order, established by God, and in this sense iustitia is partly associated with aequitas. On the contrary, an equity (aequitas) is based on natural law (ius naturale) and signifies the primordial order, natural and obvious to everyone. It’s main feature is equality of all the people. Nevertheless (even in the same Isidore’s works) the concepts of aequitas and iustitia look like interchangeable synonyms: the original distinction between them disappears little by little, as long as God is accepted to be an ultimate source for both iustitia and aequitas and a passage in the “Differences” I.32 (68) appears a mere scholastic exercise in distinguishing the concepts which no longer differ in practice.

More...

ТЕЛО И МАТЕРИЯ В «ПЛОТИНОВЫХ ПРОПОВЕДЯХ» АМВРОСИЯ МЕДИОЛАНСКОГО.

Author(s): Ekaterina Aristova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

Two sermons of Ambrose of Milan, the “Death as a good” and “On Isaac or on the soul,” are sometimes called “Plotinian sermons” because of the abundance of the hidden citations from the Neoplatonic philosopher in the text and the overall impression of otherworldliness and detestation to body they leave after reading. These texts can’t really be called “Plotinian” in the proper sense of the word, of course. In the universe, as Ambrose sees it, there is no place for a ‘Neoplatonic’ hierarchy of entities, ranked according to their proximity to the universal source; matter is not considered as a universe principle, but as a sort of bodily resistance to the soul. Body as well as soul appears as a fragile created thing, and corporality fighting with mind becomes a consequence, not a condition of the soul’s sinful fall. For the sake of the audience’s admonition Ambrose develops an original version of Christian anthropology and examines the connection between soul and body, introducing the term “affection” to describe their reciprocal influence: someone can be called “human” only thanks to his conversion to God, and the restoration of the perfection of his human nature and the harmony between soul and body can be achieved by the means of innate action of the Creator.

More...

RELATIONS IN THE TRINITARIAN REALITY: TWO APPROACHES

Author(s): Pavel Butakov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2014

The Greek model of the Trinity, based on the Theological Orations of Gregory of Nazianzus, treats the Trinitarian relations as connections between the Father and the two other persons: the Son and the Holy Spirit. The two relations have to be heteronymous (“generation” and “procession”), and have to be interpreted from the extreme realistic position. The Latin Trinitarian model, based on Boethius’ De Trinitate, treats relations as three subsistent persons. The relations have to be unidirectional: from the Father to the Son, and from both of them to the Holy Spirit. Both models are adequate and effective, but incompatible. One of the consequences of this incompatibility is the problem of filioque: the introduction of an additional relation of procession into the Greek model as well as the exclusion of this relation from the Latin model result in the inadequacy of the models. From the point of view of the complementability of a model, the Greek model allows introduction of new ele-ments, while the Latin model does not. The soteriological consequences are such that the Greek model welcomes a human person to establish a unique relation with the person of the Father, which leads to the theosis of a creature. The Latin model requires the saving relation to be established with the whole Trinity, and theosis is not supported.

More...

Философия как литература: способы представления

Author(s): Oleg Donskikh / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article is devoted to the problem of literary design of the process of philosophizing, which is taking place simultaneously with the formation of prose, occurring in parallel with the development of poetic genres. The author substantiates the view that the representatives of the school of Miletus initially exchanged with speeches in quite narrow circle, while the Eleatics in their poems addressed to a wider range of participants. Thus the fact that the philosophy expresses itself in different genres – from speeches and letters to poems and aphorisms, shows that it has been developing, in its content, into a separate area of intellectual life, allowing Plato to talk about the opposition of poets and philosophers. However this approach ignores the fact that poets perform reflection on the problems, definitely related to the area of philosophy. Thus, the content of what was actually the sphere of philosophizing remains unclear and does not allow anyone to classify literary expression of philosophical discourse in the form of certain genres.

More...

«ЛИСИД»: ОПЫТ АКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО КОММЕНТАРИЯ

Author(s): Sergey Avanesov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

This article continues the theme of Plato’s axiology (ΣΧΟΛΗ [Schole] 2.2 and 7.2). The author analyzes the dialogue “Lysis” in order explore the origins of philosophical doctrine of valuable in ancient intellectual tradition. The essence of friendship is discussed in this dialogue. Socrates concludes that friendship is irrelevant to the good or to the bad. Friendship occurs only in the sphere of the “third” – neither good nor bad. Static nature of the “goodness” in itself and dynamic state of “neither goodness nor evil” are the bases of practical conclusion about the communicative axiological nature of “intermediate”. Under-standing of friendship is further based on this conclusion. Theoretical operation which allows distinguishing values according to their statuses is applied in the dialogue to individual “preferences”. Plato’s “Lysis” therefore represents one of the first and most important steps towards the gradual formation of the European philosophical axiology.

More...

«ДЕДАЛЫ РЕЧЕЙ». СОФИСТИКА В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ

Author(s): Marina Wolf / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article reviews a number of recent edition and translations of the Sophists’ fragments (including these published in Russia), and offers a critical bibliographic overview of the sophistic studies in the western (mostly Anglo-American) history of philosophy during the last sixty years. It examines some interpretations of the doctrines of the Older Sophists (esp. Protagoras and Gorgias) and analyses the most conspicuous lines taken by contemporary scholars in relation to these characters.

More...

СОФИСТИКА – ЭТО НЕ АРГУМЕНТАЦИЯ

Author(s): Elena Lisanyuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

In the paper contemporary approaches to argumentation are compared with a number of ways of understanding sophistic including ancient, medieval and contemporary ‘faces’ of the latter. It is argued that the current stage is characterized by a negative evaluative understanding of sophistic which is taken mostly as sophistry. In the paper, I also show how these different approaches to sophistic such as (1) illegitimate argumentation, (2) particular illegitimate arguments and (3) scholastic method of formulating and solving tasks grow out of its ancient and medieval historical forms, found in Aristotle, Plato, the Sophists and the Medieval thinkers. To illustrate this distinction I use a medieval sophism combined with a famous ancient anecdote. The distinction between three contemporary approaches which is set forward in the paper is based on semantic, procedural, pragmatic, communicative and speech-oriented criteria, and develops logical and cognitive approaches to argumentation.

More...

Od vrline pravednosti do pojma pravnog poretka: o pravnofilozofskom značenju suum cuique tribuere kod Hobbesa i Kanta

Author(s): Dieter Hüning / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/1998

The author distinguishes between the antiquity’s and Middle Ages’ teachings on natural law and justice as a virtue and the modern-age Hobbes’ theory of the prerequisites of the legal system. Hobbes’ theory identifies the prerequisites of the legal system and describes the institution of legal constraint which guarantees the rule of law. The author points to the central historical difference between these paradigms. Finally, the author traces the evolution of Hobbes’ paradigm in Kant’s philosophy of right.

More...

MACINTYRE’S GILSONIAN PREFERENCE

Author(s): Peter Mango / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

Alasdair MacIntyre arrived relatively ‘late’ to Thomism in his philosophical career. One of the many determining influences on his thought has been the Thomist Étienne Gilson. This article examines MacIntyre’s possible motives for embracing Gilson as someone apparently allowing him to identify as an “intellectually fulfilled” Thomist. The author claims that MacIntyre’s arrival to Thomism was a well considered one, an achievement unto itself.

More...

THE QUESTION “WHY?” AS THE FOUNDATION FOR KNOWLEDGE OF CAUSES IN ARISTOTLE

Author(s): Paweł Gondek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

According to Aristotle, philosophical knowledge consists in the discovery of the first causes that occur in reality. For this reason, the quantitative and essential analysis of the causes was the fundamental task for philosophical reflections. Aristotle considered it a priority to show the ways the causes are discerned in the aspect of questions that occur in the cognitive process. The question “why” is the question that Aristotle regarded as fundamental for the acquisition of philosophical knowledge. The phenomenon of this question is revealed when we indicate that it corresponds to the causes that occur in reality. The causes discerned in this way become the foundation for building the method of causal knowledge.

More...