The 22nd International Symposium in Psychology at UNK & VMU: Abstracts
The 22nd International Symposium in Psychology at UNK & VMU: Abstracts
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The 22nd International Symposium in Psychology at UNK & VMU: Abstracts
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Women have a critical role in sustaining the economy and in the development of trade. However, such role has long been invisible due to orthodox conceptions that have ignored the gender variable in commercial analyses. Today, it is generally accepted that neither the economy nor business are gender neutral and that the performance of these activities often impact negatively the lives of women. Women’s participation in trade, on equal terms as men, in any of the various possible roles ― producer, wage earner, consumer, merchant, taxpayer ― will not only favour the lives of women, but also the performance of the economies in which they participate. Transparency, as a principle of the multilateral trading system, can play a significant role as a strategy for the empowerment of women.
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Book review: ALIEVA, D. (ed.): Anatómia revolúcie: Historické poučenia a sociologické analýzy. Bratislava: Sociologický ústav SAV, 2020. 159 s. ISBN 978-80-89897-21-6.Alieva , D. (ed.): The anatomy of revolution: Historical lessons and sociological analyses. Bratislava: The Institute for Sociology of SAS, 2020. 159 p. ISBN 978-80-89897-21-6.
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Book review: LANDEMORE, H.: Open Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2020, 272 p., ISBN: 978-06-9118-199-8
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Book review: DUPKALA, R.: Úvod do filozofie dejín: príspevok k problematike historiosofie. 3. vyd. Prešov: Express Print, 2019, 243 s., ISBN: 978-80-89353-16-3 DUPKALA, R.: Introduction to the philosophy of history: a contribution to the problem of historiosophy. 3. ed. Prešov: Express Print, 2019, 243 p., ISBN: 978-80-89353-16-3
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Considered to be one of the fundamental values of human existence, religious freedom is both a constitutionally guaranteed right, a primary social value protected by criminal law and other normative acts, while also being a fundamental landmark of the value system of a democratic state.
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The family is a divine institution founded by God since the creation of man, which has a sacred character, and an important mission, that of becoming a deep community of life and love, which preserves, discovers and communicates all Christian values. Against the growing background of the phenomenon of religious secularization, the integrity of the Christian family has suffered more and more value involutions, finding itself today at the time when serious problems such as infidelity, cohabitation, abortion, migration or domestic violence have taken strong roots in practical living. The solution would be a return to the roots of the Christian values provided for in the Bible, to a practical experience of them in the family as well as in the community, which would give rise to correct, integral and genuine Christian attitudes and behaviors in today’s society.
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The educational and integrity perspectives change from decade to decade or from year to year. Preventive management can ensure the quality and integrity of education regardless of the periods it goes through and especially the difficulties it may encounter. The need for change is commensurate with the general or specific challenges. The conceptualization of current management requires quick and thorough analysis. Various social groups claim their rights under the general protection afforded to various minorities and the establishment of an anti-discrimination mentality. Thus, a competent management requires the acquisition of the conceptual framework that is as close as possible to the present reality accompanied by a tailored integrity and also requires a more accurate estimate of the direction in which mentalities and structures will evolve.
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Why we need Science in our life? Why, when, and how people should learn scientific facts and acquire skills originated from application of specific scientific methods? Whether Science education is limited exclusively with the mission to prepare students to their life in the world of Physical/chemical/biological objects or vice versa it has a special cognitive potential that gives rise to the ability of every person regardless on its professional and social occupation to solve problems more effectively? JBSE publishes articles in which our authors try to answer all these questions exploring the issues of science education in different contexts. At the turn of the millennium, people have met a lot of new realities referring to issues in technologies, psychology, social relations etc. The life has changed drastically during a few last decades and a lot of traditional things seem to be perceived completely differently. How all those changes influenced the attitude to Science, how this is reflected in social and humanitarian issues, and finally, which ways should be proposed for Science Education in new reality?
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As the impact of climate change is increasingly intense, environmental educators of higher education would like to know the influencing factors for college students to proceed financial strategies, such as flood insurance or energy taxes, to adapt climate change; however, the sustainable environmental education provided by most colleagues still lags far behind the pace of business and government. The research is aimed at eight colleagues in Taiwan and is an undergraduate student taking courses in general environmental education. As diverse courses integrate climate change issues, distributed 1,000 questionnaires were proportionally allocated to each university according to the number of students who had taken the course; a total of 866 questionnaires were recovered. The pro-environmental behavior model be validated, and assess the correlations among risk perception, economic incentives, intrinsic motivation, sacrifice for the environment, place attachment, cheerful emotion, and social norm with partial least squares regression. For college students with high or medium knowledge on climate change, this research demonstrated that if pro-environmental behaviors bring cheerful feeling, they will induce their intrinsic motivation; meanwhile, because of environmental sacrifice and social norms, pro-environmental behaviors will trigger cheerful feeling.
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There is the need to liberate the school science teaching process to suit the culturally bound day-to-day experiences of learners. The clarion call becomes expedient in the light of pedagogical failure in science education, which precipitates poor science achievement, especially in non-Western cultures. Non-Western knowledge systems, specifically African indigenous knowledge systems (AIKs), have been excluded from science teaching, which accounts for the poor achievement of learners. This research therefore measured the effect of the type of teaching materials, gender and the interaction between gender and type of teaching materials on the measurement of gravitational acceleration. The analysis of covariance (p≤ .05) was used to analyse data which were collected from 264 sampled learners. The results from the research indicated that amalgamating Western science and culturally bound AIKs teaching materials in a non-Western culture enhanced the determination of gravitational acceleration and bridged the gender divide in Physics achievement. The amalgam of Western science and non-Western culturally bound science can transform science teaching, make science more relevant to everyday experiences of learners and enhance their understanding of science and ultimately their achievement.
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Movies are informal teaching tools to make teaching relevant to a diverse group of students. The use of movies may enhance students’ interest in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). They can be effective tools to build students’ interest in STEM fields and raise their awareness of STEM and STEM careers. This study purpose was to identify STEM-related topics in the movie “Hidden Figures” and determine preservice female teachers’ views of it. The study sample included 19 female students. A qualitative phenomenological design research method was used. Data were collected using “the Movie Hidden Figures” and a “Semi-Structured Interview” forms. Qualitative data were analyzed using semiotics and content analysis. Analysis showed that Hidden Figures focus mostly on the theme of “gender perception in science” as well as “design process” and “advances in technology.” Participants believed that the movie had messages mostly of negative gender perception in science. Despite that, movies emphasized that women can be mathematicians, engineers, and scientists as men. They also stated that gender equality is crucial in education. They also advocated that mathematics and engineering are essential for technological progress and female scientists can play a more active role for achievement.
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Gender, learning achievements, parents’ occupational status, social-economic backgrounds, and a few traits of schools affect students’ occupational expectations. However, no research had integrated the above factors to investigate the generative mechanism of students’ occupational expectations. After combining student-level and school-level PISA 2018 datasets, two-level latent covariate modeling was used to find the generative mechanism of students’ occupational expectations in the Baltic countries. The mechanism had its primary concern to understand roles parents’ occupational status and individual science learning achievement played on students’ occupational expectations. The results indicate that the generative mechanism of students’ occupational expectations of Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia are the power model, the maternal model, and the science learning achievement pattern, respectively. It suggests one parent having high occupational status is to mold children’s high-skilled occupational expectations, and it would be better the mother is the higher occupational status parent. It highlights the importance of strengthening adult education, especially that aimed at families with both parents of low occupational status. It disapproves of a mother being a full-time housewife. It may impede her children from having ambitions for high-skilled jobs.
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Scientific evidence-based reasoning has been recognized as a form of reasoning that characterizes scientific thinking. This study questioned what scientific evidence means in the various types of scientific activities; that is, this study explored the nature of scientific evidence (NOSE). To do this, previous studies were examined to understand how scientific evidence was analyzed, evaluated, and utilized during the scientific activities of scientists or students in scientific or everyday situations. Through this process, seven statements were identified to describe the NOSE. This study explains these seven NOSE statements, constructs a process of scientific evidence-based reasoning as a structured form by reflecting these seven statements comprehensively, and discusses the practical implications for teaching science in schools. Finally, the limitations of this study are discussed, and possible directions for future studies are suggested. It is believed that the list of NOSE characteristics can provide a starting point for further elucidation and discussion of scientific evidence and helping students’ science learning in more authentic ways.
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The purpose of the article is to identify the main trends of population changes in small towns located in the hinterlands of the major urban agglomerations in Poland in 1995–2018. It was assumed that the demographic situation of small towns is mainly dependent on their location relative to the central city (and, in principle, transport accessibility to the central city) and its socio-economic condition. The analysis was carried out for towns and cities located in the hinterlands of the main, and also the largest in terms of population, urban agglomerations in Poland, i.e. Warszawa, Kraków, Łódź, Wrocław, Poznań and Trójmiasto, focusing on small towns having less than 20,000 inhabitants (67 units). The analysis of main trends and factors of population changes using Webb diagram enabled the identification of 8 types of small towns depending on their demographic situation. The conducted research showed that small towns located in the first ring of communes surrounding the central city and along the main communication routes are in a favorable demographic situation.
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The distinctive feature of Łódź is its adaptation of former factory facilities for different purposes: didactic, commercial, office space, residential, hotel, cultural, gastronomic. They have been carried out since the 1890s by both the public and private sectors. The aim of the article is to present the project „Revitalisation of EC1 and its adaptation for cultural and artistic purposes” mentioned above from the perspective of an inhabitant of their immediate surroundings, particularly the impact on their immediate environment. The article presents the results of questionnaire surveys in 2017 on 199 respondents residing within walking distance i.e. up to 500 m from the realized investment. Most of the respondents positively assessed the transformations of EC1. The advantages of the project are the transport accessibility and aesthetics and architectural form of the buildings.
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The article refers to various studies on the creation of safe spaces as well as works on the influence of land-use on the distribution of crime in urban space. The goal of the study is to identify places and facilities which constitute a potential threat to safety and impact the spatial distribution of crime. An analysis of relationships between various types of crime predictors and the spatial distribution of crimes at the address-level has also been made. The most important conclusion drawn from the study is that the distribution of crime predictors strongly impacts the presence of crime in their direct vicinity and this influence on crime gradually lessens as the distance increases. The influence of such crime predictors as honeypots and public facilities on attracting crime as well as movement predictors and conflicts of land use on repelling crime was determined.
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The aim of this article is to analyse the spatial distribution and concentration of crimes registered by the police in 2015–2019 in the Lodzkie voivodeship. Furthermore, the aim of the study is to show important factors of crime in the voivodeship. Data on the number of identified crimes and on 30 variables potentially influencing crime were collected from the Central Statistical Office. 24 poviats (NUTS 4) were analysed. Crime rates, crime location quotient LQC and spatial autocorrelation indicators were used to analyse the spatial crime distribution and concentration. The influence of the most important six crime factors was determined by constructing spatial regression models. The spatial distribution of crimes in analysed voivodeship is strongly differentiated (but no pattern of crime was found). The second largest city – Piotrkow Trybunalski and the Lodz, Skierniewice, kutnowski, pabianicki, belchatowski, radomszczanski poviats are at risk of crimes. Two social factors (number of households benefiting from community social assistance under criterion of income, number of evictions from dwellings ruled by the court) were identified as having the most significant influence on crime rates.
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The aim of the article it to present the needs of residents as regards creating community spaces within urban regeneration areas. Using the example of Wloclawek, I indicate how it is possible to create ideas for developing yards together with local people, so that they become a place where residents integrate, spend time together and pursue community relations. The results of surveys presented in the article may constitute a starting point for a broader discussion concerning the role of community spaces in recovering degraded areas from crisis as well as an inspiration for officials coordinating urban regeneration processes particularly as regards considering the opinions of prospective users within the implemented concepts of changes.
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Migration is a vital process influencing the demographic situation by affecting not only the size of the population but also its structure. The aim of the article is to show the size of migration in urban and rural areas of the Wielkopolskie voivodeship. The analysis used a descriptive and comparative method, as well as selected migration indicators. The time range covered the 1995–2018 period and data for all years selected, i.e. 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2014 and 2018 were analysed. The research made it possible to identify cities – and above all rural areas – in the vicinity of Poznan that are attractive for migration. The inflow and outflow of people in towns and villages in the discussed years showed a reversed tendency, which started before 2000. The process of outflow of population has intensified to such an extent that in 2018 over 70% of urban municipalities were classified as unattractive areas for migration.
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