"Oštećenje", "ometenost", "hendikep": ideologija jezika deficita

Author(s): Miša J. Ljubenović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2007

The almost absolute dominance of the medical (biological, clinical) model of disability in our science and research practice dealing with disability is a very serious obstacle to the reform of social welfare and educational institutions. Hence it deserves to be subjected to thoroughgoing criticism. The view that terms are mere names for objective substances independent of the researcher is prevalent, and it essentializes the systems of classification. The translation of the author’s mental constructs into the status of physical substances is mediated by the common sociopolitical and ideological framework of the society in which he or she works. The whole process is hidden behind increasingly complicated methodological procedures providing the illusion of scientific objectivity. Various postparadigmatic movements in social and human science rightly point to the role of language/discourse in reflections of reality. This article proceeds from the assumption that hegemony, oppression and power relations are woven into attractive forms of narration by means of which the scientists (unconsciously) legitimize status hierarchy and material inequality, which is particularly evident in a kind of human diversity that is usually ascribed the attribute of disability. We should search for the way out by merging “top-down reform” – a demedicalization of the current disability concept and the corresponding terminological apparatus – with “bottom-up reform” – fundamental changes in society itself through political action.

"PESCO - PM2 - ESDC" COULD E-LEARNING BRING CLOSER TOGETHER EU's SUCCESS STORIES?

Author(s): Ilias KATSAGOUNOS,Jochen Rehrl / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2018

The publication of the EU Global Strategy in 2016, led to the development of several new instruments one of them, being the permanent structured cooperation (PESCO), that had already existed for a decade but was waiting for the right moment to be implemented. PESCO can be considered the biggest project for European security to date, which brings together the EU Member States, the European Commission, the Council of the European Union and the European External Action Service, the main actors when it comes to the Union’s foreign and security policy. The authors argue that the Open PM2 methodology should be used to manage PESCO. The necessary education and training for project managers and team leaders should be offered by the European Security and Defence College (ESDC) and its 140 network partners, under the auspices of the Open PM2 Centre of Excellence by using the well-established and widely recognised e-learning management system of the number one CSDP training provider. The article provides concrete solutions and a detailed training needs analysis.

"Polski atlas etnograficzny". Historia, osiągnięcia, perspektywy badawcze

Author(s): Zygmunt Kłodnicki,Agnieszka Pieńczak,Joanna Koźmińska / Language(s): Polish

In the part The Polish Ethnographic Atlas in the historical perspective, consisting of two chapters, the circumstances and methods have been presented of collecting materials for the needs of Polski atlas etnograficzny [The Polish Ethnographic Atlas] (PAE) as well as the process of making maps. The principles of ethnogeographic concluding and the retrogressive method have been also discussed. The most important works based on the analyses of ethnographic maps are presented – they concern cultural diversification of Poland, marking the Polish-German borderland and the potentialities of comparative studies with the use of the materials and maps comprised in the PAE and Atlas der deutschen Volkskunde [The Atlas of German Folklore] (ADV). The chapter The ethnogeographical and retrogressive method comprises the history of atlas works in Poland. The first Polish but at the same time European collection of ethnographic maps is Atlas kultury ludowej w Polsce [The Atlas of Folk Culture in Poland], elaborated by Kazimierz Moszyński and Jadwiga Klimaszewska on the basis of materials from the first half of the 1930s. They refer to Poland in its borders until World War II. In the same period, materials were collected in Germany for the ADV (edited by Heinrich Harmjanz and Erich Röhr), which took into account the area of Austria. A part of the territories covered by the ADV research are current Western and Northern areas of Poland – therefore, the data collected there are a precious ethnographic source, partially suitable for comparative studies.The next Polish atlas is Polski atlas etnograficzny, created and edited by Józef Gajek. At first,the works were conducted within the Polish Ethnological Society and materials were collectedby post correspondence. In 1953, the PAE was taken over by the newly opened Department ofEthnography of the Institute of Material Culture History (currently: the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology) at the Polish Academy of Sciences. Field studies were carried out in 332 villages (this number increased slightly later) and the researchers were ethnographers and ethnography students. The fast dying out of traditional culture and often insufficient materials from field studies were the reasons why soon the data from expert literature and museums started to be taken into account as well.So far, the PAE sample booklet (1958) and booklets 1–6 (1964–1981) have been published. They all concern material culture and comprise 372 maps. Many issues associated with social and spiritual culture have remained in the manuscripts of booklets 7–9. Since 1993, the volumes of „Komentarze do Polskiego Atlasu Etnograficznego” [Commentaries to the Polish Ethnographic Atlas] have been published, at first edited by Janusz Bohdanowicz and Zygmunt Kłodnicki, later also by Agnieszka Pieńczak (the caregiver of the atlas collections).What is also presented in this chapter are the problems of the cartographic technique with special focus on the dependence of the quality of maps on the nature of questions provided in the questionnaires. Special value can be attributed to the maps based on the responses to the questions concerning strictly defined artefacts or other cultural phenomena – closed questions. Open questions have brought spontaneous responses which resulted in the approximate ranges (on maps: areas of occurrence). The contents of questions are placed in map legends. The chapter Reasons of the differentiation in traditional culture of the Polish village is a presentation of the major accomplishments achieved owing to the ethnogeographic method inthe field of: reconstructing earlier stages of culture on the territories of Poland (Moszyński),its later growing diversification due to Western influences (Moszyński, Gajek, Bohdanowicz,Kłodnicki), the shaping and lasting of cultural regions which had been earlier tribal territories(Gajek, Bohdanowicz) or were formed later (Andrzej Brencz).The possibility of comparative studies with the use of PAE and ADV maps are limited because the research for the needs of the ADV was conducted only among the German and Austrian population, whereas in the case of the PAE the ethnic criterion was not applied. Moreover, both atlases differ in the research time and most of the maps have different legends.In the work Obrzędowość narodzinowa na Górnym Śląsku (izolacja położnicy). Polski atlasetnograficzny i Atlas der deutschen Volkskunde w perspektywie porównawczej [Birth rituals in Upper Silesia (isolation of the birth-giving woman). The Polish Ethnographic Atlas and Atlas der deutschen Volkskunde in the comparative perspective] (2016), Pieńczak confirmed that in some cases such comparative studies are possible provided some rigours are kept. Thisraises hope as there are already many thousands of maps in the European ethnocartographicoutput (Annex 1). A large amount of data can be subjected to statistical analysis with the useof correlation methods, which has been earlier checked by Kłodnicki in the materials of Polski atlas etnograficzny (1994).The second part of the book, “The Polish Ethnographic Atlas” in the contemporary perspective starts with the chapter Cultural heritage on the platform Digital Archives of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas. From the idea to implementation, in which the authors discuss the shaping of the concept of digitalization and sharing of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas Archives, the major assumptions and potentialities of the project implementation, and the related research results. What is more, the specificity of the PAE digital platform has been presented as well. The Research Team of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas, functioning within the Faculty of Ethnology and Education (in Cieszyn) at the University of Silesia has undertaken an innovative attempt at the elaboration, digitalization and sharing of the atlas materials (the deposit of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences). The Polish Ethnographic Atlas is the only archive of this type in Poland and it covers the whole territory of Poland. Until recently, the access to these archival sources was limited. What has become the priority for the initiators of the undertaking is the digitalization of the rich PAE archives, which is designed for many years. Its first step comprises the presentation and sharing of three unique ethnographic collections in the internet.In 2014, the implementation started of the several-years-long project „The Polish Ethnographic Atlas – scientific elaboration, electronic database, the publication of resources in the Internet” within the National Programme for the Development of Humanities. The aim was to reach a possibly broad group of hypothetical recipients, including representatives of humanities and social sciences dealing with the broadly understood cultural heritage. The undertaking was implemented by ten people, mostly employed in the Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology (in Cieszyn) at the University of Silesia and in the Polish Institute of Anthropology (Warsaw) – among them the four main contractors of the project (Professor Zygmunt Kłodnicki, Ph.D. hab., Agnieszka Pieńczak, Ph.D., Edyta Diakowska-Kohut, M.A., Joanna Koźmińska, M.A.). In the team, there were other ethnologists, as well as IT specialists and a photographer specializing in digitalization of museum collections.In the first stage of the implementation, due to a large number of objects indicated for digitalization, only some were selected by three criteria. Digitalization works and the edition of digital catalogues, which took many months, concerned three large ethnographic collections, comprising over 12 100 photographs taken during field studies (1954–1971), 770 published atlas maps (1958–2013) and over 470 questionnaires dedicated to wild plants collecting, which comprised herbaria (1947–1953). All the discussed collections are worth sharing their special historical value, particularly for people interested in rural culture, and because they are the most typical of atlas activity.The financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and of the Faculty ofEthnology and Education at the University of Silesia enabled the establishing of the Digitalization Laboratory of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas, equipped with specialist research appliances. For indexing the atlas collections and their publication in the Internet, the web application Galeneo was used. This enabled the activation of the digital platform Digital Archives of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas (www.archiwumpae.us.edu.pl).The currently conducted atlas works mark the beginning of implementing the research concept aimed at creating a coherent, synthetic, digital collection of archival resources and at sharing them in the public interface. However, due to the large size of the PAE collections, this is a long-term activity. In the future, the atlas output will be brought together in one easily accessible collection, which will provide a precedent possibility of effective search for interesting issues within various fields of culture.In the second chapter, Anthropology in the network. A digital project of the Polish Institute ofAnthropology, the issues have been discussed concerning the condition of digital humanities in Poland in the perspective of ethnology and anthropology. The distinction between anthropology in the net and netnography has been provided. The former consist in collecting, storing and indexing (in the Internet) anthropological contents available in the traditional (offline) form.The latter, according to Robert V. Kozinets, is the scientific exploration of the internet space.What is also provided are many examples of both phenomena, which confirms the growingnumber of projects oriented towards activities in the internet space. Two projects have been described in detail – „Biblioteka Cyfrowa PIA [Digital Library of the Polish Institute of Anthropology]” (www.cyfrowaetnografia.pl) and „Polski Atlas Etnograficzny – opracowanie naukowe, elektroniczny katalog danych, publikacja zasobów w sieci Internet, etap I [The Polish Ethnographic Atlas – scientific elaboration, electronic database, publishing the resources in the Internet, stage I]” (www.archiwumpae.us.edu.pl). They are compliant withthe current classified as anthropology in the net and they constitute a significant undertakingfor the whole scientific environment. They are also an example of the collaboration betweenthe Research Team of the Polish Ethnographic Atlas (functioning at the Faculty of Ethnologyand Education of the University of Silesia in Katowice) and the Polish Institute of Anthropology.The joint studies conducted by both institutions have resulted in the open internet accessto the unique digitalized collection of 380 atlas maps, which might become the basis for manyresearch projects. What constitutes an important part of the publication are three extensive annexes, which are an effect of the atlas studies carried out for several last years. The first comprises a list of maps concerning the material culture, coming from Atlas kultury ludowej wPolsce, Polski atlas etnograficzny, and some atlases of nearby countries. The list takes into account also some available maps resulting from ethnographic works of other types. Particular attention is paid here to the maps included in diploma theses which have been written on the basis of the materials of the PAE Research Team in Cieszyn by students under the supervision of Zygmunt Kłodnicki and later of Agnieszka Pieńczak and Anna Drożdż. The second annex contains the detailed data concerning over 440 places of the PAE research network, in which a rich photographic documentation was collected in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. The third annex comprises the information on over 230 places of this network in which first questionnaire studies were conducted.

"Praca socjalna a stare i nowe zawody pomocowe: wzajemne pozycjonowanie oraz budowanie wspólnej tożsamości helping professions" Cykl seminaryjno-konferencyjny Sekcji Pracy Socjalnej Polskiego Towarzystwa Socjologicznego)

Author(s): Marek Rymsza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 28 (2)/2019

"Problem generacija": nastanak, sadržaj i aktuelnost ogleda Karla Manhajma

Author(s): Todor Kuljić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2007

The article presents a brief history of the concept of generations. It focuses on Karl Mannheim’s article “Problems of Generations” (1928), its social origins and theoretical content. Mannheim’s role was crucial in 20th century development of the (new) concept of generation. In order to understand the problem of social (historical) generations and evaluate Mannheim’s position within the concept’s development, several points are discussed in more detail: the history of the concept of "generations", the relationship between class and generation, and how ideas about the formation of generations help us to understand social dynamics over time. In doing so we assume that the origin of Mannheim’s lecture lies in the generational experience of Hungarian intellectuals during the collapse of the old order of the Dual Monarchy and the Revolution of 1918–19. The Budapest intellectual life in the 1910s was important for Mannheim’s “Problems of generations”, as well as A. Weber’s cultural sociology. Finally, the article analyzes the migration of the generations concept from one culture (Germany) to another (the United States), and from one discipline (sociology) to another (memory culture).

"Rasa drapieżców" w cyberświecie

Wstęp do analizy zjawiska

Author(s): Urszula Jarecka,Paweł Fortuna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2021

This essay considers how technologically based cultural transformations impact the shaping of individual and collective identities, including “digital identities.” The extension of the human cognitive system by means of the Internet and digital artefacts has produced the potential to shape multidimensional and dynamic identities (e.g., in the form of “communities” created ad hoc on the web), as well as artificial-intelligence “identity” processes accompanying commercial applications. In the context of these processes, the author discusses how the attitudes of “predatory” Internet users are formed, the problems of the victims of such activities, and the potential threats in relation to the development of AI. The author uses an interdisciplinary theoretical approach (sociology, psychology, research on AI) to analyse these phenomena. The research material consists of the content of media messages (including films and documentary series, Internet journalism on online behaviour and texts popularising AI, and content posted on social media).

"Scarabò" and the Educating City. Pedagogical Reflections on some Results of a Field Research

Author(s): Fabrizio D’Aniello / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

"Scarabò. A city to educate" is an education festival, which takes place in the old city of Macerata (IT) every year. A complex field research activity is focused on the 2018 and 2019 editions. This research was motivated by the participation in the international Trans-Urban EU-China project, devoted to the study of the relationship between urban sustainability and social integration/inclusion. Only some results of the interviews given by 116 adults participating in the 2018 festival are reported on this occasion, pedagogically focusing on the topic of the educating city.

"Solidarność" od wewnątrz

Author(s): Jacek Maria Kurczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29-30/2020

"Solidarność" w perspektywie własnej biografii w opowieściach robotników

Author(s): Agata Stasik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 41/2012

Tekst jest próbą analizy fenomenu „Solidarności” przez pryzmat opowieści biograficznych robotników zaangażowanych z ruch społeczny. Wypowiedzi zebrane zostały przy zastosowanie metody wywiadu narracyjnego. W toku analizy wyróżniono podstawowe etapy opowieści o zaangażowaniu w działalność społeczną powtarzające się we wszystkich analizowanych wywiadach, takie jak: pierwsze doświadczenia polityczne, decyzja o zaangażowaniu czy wspomnienia dotyczące wprowadzenia stanu wojennego. Dzięki przyjętej perspektywie możliwe jest prześledzenie dynamiki ruchu z perspektywy przemian tożsamości zaangażowanej jednostki, szczególnie zwiększanie zakresu kompetencji i sprawczości oraz wchodzenie w relacje społeczne oparte na nowych, bardziej egalitarnych zasadach. Paradoksalnie, przyjęcie perspektywy indywidualnej jest jednym ze sposobów na dotarcie do tego uniwersalnego aspektu przeszłych wydarzeń, który może być inspirujący dla osób podejmujących podobne wyzwania w innych okolicznościach.

"Stara" i "nowa" mała ojczyzna jako element tożsamości polskich powojennych przesiedleńców z Wileńszczyzny na Warmię i Mazury

Author(s): Dorota Zwierzyńska-Symonajc / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27 (1)/2019

The paper presents the findings of research into the socio-cultural memory and identity of Polish displaced persons after 1945 from the Vilnius region in Warmia and Mazury. Its main emphasis is on presenting the results related to the formation of views regarding the ‘old’ and ‘new’ little or private homeland as an element of the respondents’ identities. Narrative interviewing conducted on the 36-person population of respondents belonging to three different generational groups revealed that the settling of displaced persons from the Vilnius region in Warmia and Mazury constituted a new stage in their lives. The circumstances of their resettlement proved detrimental to their adaptation to the new location. For a long time the displaced persons were unable to find a place suitable for settling, and even when they found such a place, they frequently lived with a feeling of temporariness, living from one day to the next, awaiting their return. As the years passed they had to face the question of who they were, of how they perceived their new place. The narrative of three generations reveals that the displaced persons did not put down roots in their new place of residence, they did not undergo a process of integration and identification with their new little homeland. They ‘tamed’ the new little homelands they moved to, new bonds of habit and pragmatics were formed, but they never achieved the affective intensity of the bonds with the Vilnius region, with its culture and traditions - drifting ever further into the realm of myth as the years passed by. Processes of integration and forming roots took place among a portion of respondents from the second generation, and among all in the third generation of resettlers. For these two generational groups, Warmia and Mazury is their little or private homeland. In terms of generational changes in identity, the historical and sociological process initiated after the war with the mass-scale migrations thereby seems to be coming to an end.

"The 'Skopje 2014' Project and its Effects on the Perception of Macedonian Identity": Revisiting the Study After the Prespa Agreement (Second edition)

Author(s): Katerina Kolozova,Kalina Lechevska,Viktorija Borovska,Ana Blazheva / Language(s): English

Extract from the study:In order to explain the diplomatic complexity made simple and legally elegant in the form of the agreement of Prespa/Prespes, i.e., the document settling the decades long “name dispute” between (now) North Macedonia and Greece, one has to look at the multiple and sensitive identity related stakes involved in the solution. The Agreement was signed in June 2018, by the Syriza led government of Greece and the Social-Democratic ruling coalition of what was then the Republic of Macedonia. In spite of the decades long mantra of the so-called international community, including the UN, EU and NATO, that the dispute and its solution would not affect any questions concerning the identity of the ethnic majorities of either of the nations, as they are non-negotiable rights to self-determination, it has always been clear that the dispute existed because of Greece’s concerns over its cultural and historical heritage being appropriated. It was an unequivocally declared position on the part of the Greek government displayed on the website of the Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs prior to the signing of the agreement (titled “FYROM Name Issue”). Macedonia – after the agreement renamed “Republic of North Macedonia” – had been worried, at least a sizable part of its public, that its national identity would be effaced through the name change. Thus, the embarrassing truth was not to be avowed, at least not by the respectable leadership of the developed world. However, the truth about identity concerns was intimated through the fact that the longest serving UN envoy, assigned with the task of solving the issue, Matthew Nimetz, habitually proposed not only a new name for the state (of the “Republic of Macedonia”, its constitutional name until 12 February 2019), but also solutions to the adjectives that concerned the nationality and the language. The adjectives were to be derived either from the name of the state or to be avoided entirely, something along the lines of “citizen of….” or “the official language of…” followed by the possible new name of the country. The novelty of the solution stems from the fact that both countries and their leaders decided to acknowledge, instead of disavow, the fact that the stakes were identitary: Greece was worried that its Hellenic heritage is being appropriated by the “Macedonian” identity of its northern neighbors, whereas the Macedonian public and its politicians were worried that the identity “Macedonian,” in its contemporary sense, would cease to exist. These not easily solved concerns were tackled in a nuanced fashion by both parties, resulting in the Prespa Agreement. Let us take a look at a several years old study conveying the identity perception of the Macedonians in 2013, and how it may have been affected by the Agreement.

"Three Drops of Blood for the Devil": Data Pioneers as Intermediaries of Algorithmic Governance Ideals

Author(s): Anu Masso,Maris Männiste / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2020

Governance bodies formulated the universal ideals of algorithmic decision-making. But,the role of data experts acting as pioneers in developing, resisting, and implementing theseideals is not known. This study relies on in-depth interviews (n=24) conducted with Estonian data experts to explore data pioneers’ understandings of algorithmic governance ideals. The results reveal dual transformations in the social datafication process where datapioneers develop technologies and intermediate their ideals towards algorithmic solutions.The study highlighted new sectorial ‘algorithmic divides’, in both data accessibility as wellas ideals among data pioneers in public and private institutions. The resulting force majeurein datafication, which prevents private and public sector experts from forming a uniformcommunity, can create a vicious circle of unforeseen negative consequences. Resolving thedivides in algorithmic communities and advancing cross-sector cooperation is the basis forforming transparency, accountability and social good as the main ideals in algorithmicdecision-making.

"UNPACKING" THE EDUCATIONAL PACKAGES: ANTI-GENDER DISCOURSES IN SERBIA

Author(s): Slobodanka Dekić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The focus of the analysis are the negative discourses created in 2017 in the Serbian public sphere that referred to educational packages on sex education and prevention of sexual violence against children. The aim of the paper is to analyse the way in which these discourses relate to the “anti-gender” discourse led in Europe during the past two decades, and what are their specificities in the local context. The main argument of the paper is that the episode of “educational packages” can be understood as the first significant manifestation of “anti-gender” politics in Serbia.

"Volksgemeinschaft" im Werden? "Baltendeutsche" im Warthegau 1939–1941

Author(s): Vincent Hoyer / Language(s): German Issue: 27/2019

The German attack on Poland resulted in the incorporation of Western Poland into National Socialist Germany in October 1939. In the context of ‘Germanisation’ policy and in order to ‘make space’ for German settlers, the occupiers murdered, expelled and deported Poles and Jews from these territories. In addition to members of the German minority in Poland, so-called ‘ethnic Germans’ (Volksdeutsche) from eastern Europe and Germans from the ‘Altreich’ (Germany within the borders of 1937) were also settled there. However, the situation in the Warthegau fell short of the expectations of Baltic German re-settlers. As reports sent to the ‘Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle’ (the organisation responsible for the administration of the settlement of ethnic Germans) show, Baltic Germans sought to influence their situation in the Warthegau by referring to the promising utopia of ‘Volksgemeinschaft’ (national community). Their complaints about the lack of solidarity among the Germans as well as interactions with non-Germans served to discredit members of other groups and justify alterations in their favour. Thus, the ideological concept of ‘Volksgemeinschaft’ was not an inflexible construct, but was appropriated and used towards different ends by various actors.

"We’re not playing against each other. we play together in pursuit of the same goal (...)” – apprenticeship and works councils in sMe in Germany

Nie gramy przeciwko sobie, tylko dążymy do tego samego celu (...) – praktyki zawodowe i rady pracowników w MŚP w Niemczech

Author(s): Klaus Berger,Christiane Eberhardt / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

805,800 persons were recoded as being interested in entering training in Germany in 2017. Of these, just under 65 percent progressed to vocational education and training (VET ) within the dual system. A total of two thirds of those in employment in Germany have completed dual VET Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training 2018). The fact that more than half of school leavers opt for vocational education and training as part of their educational pathway (Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training 2015) is also a consequence of the high (average) quality of training and of the resultant good prospects of employment. Soskice (1994) argues that one of the important prerequisites for the high level of training quality is the cooperation that takes place between the competent bodies (mostly chambers of crafts, chambers of commerce and industry) on the one side and the works councils and trade unions on the other. This context is widely taken as a given within the relevant literature, especially in the case of the works councils, which are accorded extensive information and participation rights for the purpose of securing quality of training at the company within the scope of the German Labour Management Relations Act (§§ 96–98 Labour Management Relations Act / Betriebsverfassungsgesetz, BetrVG). However, what are the determining factors for a high quality of apprenticeship training? The focuses of this paper are the issue of the understanding of apprenticeship training quality developed by works councils at small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the way they contribute at company level with regard to apprenticeship training matters.

"www. suferinţa": O evaluare comparativă a site-urilor Internet dedicate memoriei suferinţei în Gulag şi Holocaust

Author(s): Lidia Gheorghiu Bradley / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2007

This evaluation of websites dedicated to the Gulag and the Holocaust reflects the situation on the Internet in the spring of 2007 and it is based on an analysis of the results delivered by Google searches. After looking at statistical data about sites on both subjects developed in various countries, we attempt to create a typology of web sites, covering those that represent official government institutions, universities and other educational and civil society organizations, as well as some sites created by independent researchers. For all types of sites we endeavour to point out the features that make them most effective as research and teaching tools at different educational levels, from high-schools to graduate studies, as well as in communicating the knowledge about the horrors of nazism and communism to the general public and the younger generation. Our conclusion points out that the researchers of the communist Gulag must draw on the longer experience of the Holocaust researchers, who, given the fact that the access to information about the Holocaust has been possible since the end of WWII, have been able to gather experience in preparing exibits and teaching units of great impact. Sites that deal with the Gulag could use similar strategies of communication on the Internet to share the suffering endured by the victims of communism with the younger audience.

"Българският дебат" за Голямата война и „нейните преживявания"

Author(s): Snezhana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3+4/1998

"The Bulgarian Debate" for the Great war and "Its Experiences": Ivan Elenkov. Native and Right, Contribution to the History on the Unrealized "Right Project" in Bulgaria during the Period between the Two World Wars. Sofia,1998

"Войната на световете" - културен скрипт или предстояща криза?

Author(s): Dimitar Panchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article aims to provide a few examples from the fictional literature, film industry and computer games, all of which directly address the problem of collision between worlds that are incommeasurable. The main suggestion is that the conflict between them can be resolved only through the complete destruction of one of those worlds. This will be the starting point for the analysis of the so-called „clash of civilizations” theme, which was documented during the media monitoring carried out in October 2015. The main argument of the article is that the construction of a generalized negative image of the Other and its systematic exclusion from access to the order of discourse in its essence can become a „self-fulfilling prophecy” (borrowing the term from Robert C. Merton), i.e. this Other becomes the bearer of a crisis which, prior to that, has been ascribed as essential to him. In this way the marginalized elements of society do not have any alternative exit but to be who they are, in line with their ascribed negative identity.

"Всичките са маскари!" Политика, култура и карикатура

Author(s): Dobrinka Parusheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of this text is to elaborate on the relationship between the caricature (and cartoonists) and the objects of caricature, on the one hand, and between the caricature (and cartoonists) and their audience, on the other hand. Using this elaboration I offer a possible entanglement of all three components of the title: politics, (political) culture, and (political) caricature. The interest is focused on Bulgaria during the first decades of the twentieth century.

"Да наваксаш" или тиранията на избора: намерения и резултати при лондончаните от средната класа през 90-те години

Author(s): Tim Butler / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1+2/1999