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Етнологията и предизвикателствата на днешния ден

Author(s): Krasimira Krastanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Ethnology is situated in that research area with its problematic nodes and nuclei, where it interacts with the ethnic and social, political, economic, historical, technological and semiotic fields. The aim of the text is to seek the commitment of the ethnological societal needs and to indicate its place in the studies of Bulgarian society today in terms of the dynamics of cultural interactions and the pursuit of sustainable development of the community.The author looks at the beginnings of Ethnology, where this science has a role to play in the political projects for the development of the states in the 19th and 20th centuries. The cultural, historical, political context in the new millennium requires the Ethnology to build new tools for research and analysis of the contemporary societies, outlining the main axes of interest and discussing the contribution of Ethnology to contemporary cultural practices and policies - an important means of maintaining identity and improving the quality of life in modern times. Addressing these problems makes it possible to trace how the changing contexts and concepts of societies for their own future modifies the tools and approaches of science, as well as the role of the ethnologist in contemporary society.

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Етномедицина (или медицинска антропология) - възможна и необходима перспектива пред етноложките четения в България

Author(s): Violeta Kotseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article aims to present a conceivable prospect in front of academic ethnological readings in Bulgaria. The main stages of the emergence and development of the studies are discussed. The main areas of research in Medical anthropology are addressed. The attention is also drawn to the principal approaches as well as to the intersection between culture and medicine with references to the Bulgarian cultural environment.

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Храните в ракурса на етноложкото изследване или какво е българско кисело мляко

Author(s): Elitsa Stoilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article introduces the main objectives of the Anthropology of food and it further presents the correlations between food, food technologies, local and national identity. In order to demonstrate the importance of food research as part of the ethnological research objectives, the paper presents the case study of the Bulgarian yoghurt. It questions the attribution of “Bulgarian identity” to that product tracing back its technological development from early twentieth centuries until present. It shows the development of the international yoghurt market, the industrialization and modernization of the Bulgarian dairy industry. The article offers a critical analysis of yoghurt production and export in communist Bulgaria. Combining a wide array of sources, this article unravels the story of yoghurt becoming an authentic product through the interaction among citizens, consumers, producers, scientists, and politicians.

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Музеят и децата или какво предлага етнографската експозиция при Регионален исторически музей Бургас на своите малки посетители

Author(s): Plamena Kirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

By addressing this topic, I would like to draw the attention to the relationship between the children and the museum. It’s the curator’s point of view, the person who welcomes them and introduces them into the history of our traditions. There is a great deal of talk about the living museum and the different presentation of expositions. But is this possible in our working conditions?The two main aspects of our work with children will be presented in the text: as visitors on one hand and as learners on the other. For we know that according to the ICOM statutes, the museum is a permanent, non-profit institution serving the public and its development, open to the public and conducting research on the tangible evidence we have of man and the environment. I would add here intangible testimonies such as songs, rituals and customs, legends, tales that the specialist can also provide for scientific and educational purposes. We will present the children's visits to the ‘Uspeh’ Project of the Ministry of Education and Sciences and the results of our Ethno workshop held in the yard of the Ethnographic Complex.

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Етнология на планината

Author(s): Irena Bokova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents some basic problems on the research of the mountain as a specific natural and living environment for the students’ summer fieldworks and following projects. There are three interconnected problems in the fieldwork: the connection of the local community with the local space, the building of this connection during the time, the changes in the way of life of the local communities during the last two decades – mobility dynamics, the building of heritages and new images of the mountain, connected with the road/s, traveling and crossing the borders. The analysis is based on observations, field notes, academic papers and anthropological movies from the author’s individual or teamwork research during a long period of time. The local communities, local and regional authorities, experts and professionals helped a lot for the different aspects of the research.

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Завръщане в Родопите - за "пловдивския" терен и проф. Тодор Ив. Живков

Author(s): Borislava Petkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The text follows the processes of arranging and conducting field researches on Ethnology and Folklore studies for Ethnology students, focusing on the research of second-year students. Summer practices are an integral part of the Ethnology curriculum. Prof. Todor Iv. Zhivkov laid down the basis, concept and methodology. The research has been carried out every year since 1994 without interruption. The text tracks the different villages, small towns and big cities, where the local urban culture studies are conducted in its variety of forms, as well as the themes and highlights in the fieldwork of the young people. It is emphasized on the fact that most of the 19 successful summer practices, 11 of them are held in the Rhodope mountain (village of Davidkovo (1994), village of Petkovo (1996), village of Zagrazhden (1995, 2000, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2012), town of Kardzhali (2004), city of Smolyan (2010.) The settlements in the Middle Rhodope are becoming one of the "preserved" fieldworks for students and professors from the Department of Ethnology.

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Обредните песни от Гора, Албания

Author(s): Veselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The Gora region is located in the territory of three countries – Republic of Kosovo (19 villages), Republic of Albania (9 villages) and Republic of Macedonia (2 villages). The part of this community, living in Albania, is incompletely studied, but the ritual songs of the Goranians are preserved with their music features and are still in use. The division of the area less than 100 years ago, the specific trajectory of the Albanian Gora and the "closed" and isolated way of life is a factor for the preservation of the ritual song. The text presents the calendar ritual songs performed on St. George's Day and the wedding songs as a part of this family ritual. Nazif Docle, a local researcher publishes a lot of song lyrics from his native village of Borje, but this does not give any details on the musical language and musical thinking of this group. The text analyzes the ritual song repertoire from the Gora region (Albania) using ethnomusicological approaches.

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Теренен метод за спечелване доверието на информаторите "Вграждане в социума"

Author(s): Goran Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In 2009 I started a field research on the territory of Sakar Mountain in order to write my master’s thesis. During my stay in the region of Topolovgrad I collected information and conducted field research regarding the local folklore, especially the legends, traditions and songs related to the area of Sveta Troitsa (Holy Trinty) convent, the cave named “Karakolyovata dupka” as well as the annual Folklore Fair. I chose the method of structured and semi-structured interviews following questionnaires prepared in advance. I must say that I did not obtain much ethnological material from the interviews. But they revealed something else which, although not included in the questions, should be taken into consideration as a major factor for the population of the region concerned. Local people are extremely suspicious and distrustful of strangers and avoid direct contact. I think that they were worried because of the sheets of paper and the pen I was holding, as well as of the fact that their words would be recorded on a voice recorder or written down on paper. According to the ethnological terminology I had gotten into what is called a "difficult terrain”. "Embedding into society” is a method that produces the most fruitful results in Sakar Mountain and it was developed by me. It is very similar to two other methods, through which the researcher approaches the society and wins the credibility of the people therein - "research-action" and "observation included". The difference being the use of local musical and mythological folklore by the researcher, in dynamics through provocation while conducting the research.

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Църквата като институция за българите в чужбина

Author(s): Mariyanka Borisova,Lina Gergova,Yana Gergova,Tanya Matanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The Bulgarian church in migration has been studied in the text as an institution created by and for the Bulgarians living in six European countries (Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Greece, Czech Republic and Ireland) with a specific religious context. The main focus is on the history and function of the temple, the church community and the church board, as well as the Metropolitan and the archdioceses. The church cannot be regarded on its own but as a network of migrant institutions in general. The analysis reveals the significance of the church as a community centre, a symbol of the Bulgarian community, an announcement of the community and a state representation.

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Летописът на село Старо село, Тутраканско. Идеологизация на паметта

Author(s): Nikolay Nenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The Chronicle of the village of Staro Selo, near Tutrakan, Northern Bulgaria, was compiled in the years between 1967 and 1972. For this short period, the chronology includes significant events from the world and national history. Among them, we will spot the Moon landing, the Prague Spring of 1968 and the adoption of a new Constitution of the People's Republic of Bulgaria in 1971. The text almost does not include a local chronicle, thus showing the impression of the ideological framework in which it has been created.In the texts of the chronicle, the local community is described as "labor", "socialist-international", "progressive-technical". These desired existential parameters of self-identification do not show the possession of markers for a different description of the local community from what is generally accepted - in the norm of the socialist community. Being institutionally supported and having recorded not only local events, but important ones for the Socialist Bloc, the Chronicle is a testimony of the attempts to ideologize and instrumentalize memory.

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"Всичките са маскари!" Политика, култура и карикатура

Author(s): Dobrinka Parusheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of this text is to elaborate on the relationship between the caricature (and cartoonists) and the objects of caricature, on the one hand, and between the caricature (and cartoonists) and their audience, on the other hand. Using this elaboration I offer a possible entanglement of all three components of the title: politics, (political) culture, and (political) caricature. The interest is focused on Bulgaria during the first decades of the twentieth century.

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Възникване и характерни практики на рок културата в малкия град

Author(s): Yana Yancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article aims to show the trends in the occurrence and development of the rock culture in a small town in Northwest Bulgaria in the 1960s and early 70s. The focus is on how it is perceived by young people and what place it has in their lives. The article is part of a larger study, interested in how rock culture fits into the cultural, social and political life of the town subject to the study for several decades from the 1960s to the 21st century.Using the analysis of the biographical and thematic interviews with representatives of this generation, I’ve tried to present their everyday practices, passions and ideas that are perceived as decisive for their belonging to rock culture; what place it occupies in the life of young people. Local community research aims to reveal on a reflexive level the existence and functioning of youth culture that contradicts or is stigmatized by the norms and ideology of the socialist regime and appears as a counterculture of the socialist everyday culture.

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Интеуркултурен диалог и културен обмен: изследване на младежката краткосрочна трудова миграция по програмата "Work and Travel"

Author(s): Zlatina Bogdanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper is based on interviews with Work and Travel USA participants (the initial interviews were taken in Sofia back in 2003) and materials from the fieldwork carried out in the campus of the American University in Bulgaria (AUB) in Blagoevgrad in 2012. The author focuses on a cultural phenomenon accompanying the so-called post-socialist transition in Bulgaria – the short-term labor migration of Bulgarian students to the US. The research emphasizes on the role of the intercultural communication in a rapidly expanding work environment where young people are compelled to endure multiple intercultural interactions and face significant social and personality effects. The intercultural aspects of the migration include perceptions of intercultural differences, cultural subordination, and behavioural patterns expressing cultural relativism, manifestations of ethnocentrism, culture collision and culture shock. Identity and adaptation problems experienced by the participants are given special consideration.

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"Играта" като проявление на социо-културни модели на поведение и средство за изследване на терен

Author(s): Svetoslava Mancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

According to Huizinga (Hyoyzinha 2000) "play" is an integral part of the social and cultural processes in which a person is involved. He claims that the socio-cultural reality is created in and through the manifestations of play elements. The comprehensive review of a person's everyday practices helps to understand the reality and the processes therein. The play elements can be observed in the work of the ethnologist and his/her social roles in the fieldwork. The researcher adopts different roles according to the specifics of the reality "there" and "then" and this allows him/her to "play" in his/her research. In the present work, I focus on the manifestations of "play" as an important element of the social and cultural dialogue between groups of people, including the ethnologist as an actor in different situations. The aim is to show a possible view of the results from the fieldwork and the researcher's approach and methods using "play" as an instrument.

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Да би младо знаело, да би старо можело

Author(s): Diana Radoynova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The concept of age viewed as a lifetime through which one builds memories, remembrances and competence is a largely unexplored area in the Bulgarian ethnology. Age in the traditional culture depends much more on a person’s social status than on the number of years they have lived. Moreover, in the folklore world one could paradoxically grow up over a night following certain changes in their social status. That particular understanding, typical for the traditional Bulgarian culture, has generated a complicated system of relationships, contradictions and substitutions such as young – old, strong – weak, able – unable, competent - incompetent, ignorant – wise. Possessing one of the above characteristics usually excludes its opposite i.e. being young you are strong but ignorant, being old you are wise but weak; being a child you are carefree but have no rights, etc. In the contradiction between the biologically inevitable old age and the culturally credited wisdom, a person is both an achiever and a loser because one can have the best of the two, but at different moments in their lifetime.

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В търсене на изгубеното детство

Author(s): Petya Bankova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article presents some of the results of a three-year research project on the "Traditional and Contemporary Children's Games". Through the prism of the biographical method and through an interdisciplinary approach, the author shows the changes in the child's play brought by changes in the cultural environment and lifestyle. Childhood is extremely sensitive to changes in both the micro-environment (family and peer group), as well as in the macro-environment (economy, culture) in which society exists. While studying childhood and its components, such as children's play, it is necessary to clarify the changes in society as a whole.

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Проблемът за смъртта в традиционната и съвременната българска култура

Author(s): Maria Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

A person’s death disorganizes the social group, shakes each community member individually, and prompts the thought of their own future and destiny. The funeral ideology, which includes both certain concepts concerning the end of human life and funeral ritual, interprets death as a necessity for the community itself.How the beliefs and perceptions of the end of human life have been preserved (and respectively changed), to what extent the funeral ritual has been preserved, what part of the tradition is known and when the community resorts to it to solve problems - these are some of the issues that ask for our attention in the text.

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Символиката на отвъдното - извор за естетиката на романтизма и абсурдизма

Author(s): Stefana Mincheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article presents highlights of the influence of otherworldly symbolism over the aesthetics of romantic and absurdist movements. Romantic stories often present a fight for a just cause on a personal, social or an universal scale. The foredoomed clash of ideals and reality gives a tinge of doubt in the very beginning of action in those genres. Thus the imagery of death, destruction and chaos is firmly connected with the romantic setting. On one hand it enhances the contrast of the heroic appearance and deeds, hence making the heroic exploit possible; and on the other – it derives influential strength from the force of chaos. Likewise, through demolition and rejection of possible meanings, the absurd affirms death as the only certain thing. As in mythology, chaos contains all the fragments necessary for the construction of meaningful structures as well as the asemia needed to trigger the creative mind. When an old semantic structure as an ideology or social order has to be replaced with another one, the old one needs to be demolished, leaving its parts but rearranging them in order to build a new stable semantic entity. Popular romantic texts are drawn as practical examples to illustrate the discussed tendency. However, human mind is capable of revealing or making sense in any random piece of information, due to the ancient layers of meanings, which make “being” possible.

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Упълномощеният език в традиционното общество

Author(s): Maria Kisikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper explores the theory of Authorized Language (Bourdieu) on a specific interdisciplinary research field. This field is outlined by Ivan Hadzhiyski`s ideas and insights. His books represent an image of the Bulgarian society at the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century. I focus on certain type of sources he uses as examples and arguments for his ideas – folklore sources (proverbs, sayings, folk songs, rituals, traditional healing practices etc.). In my paper I explore the ethnosociological interpretations on folklore sources in Hadzhiyski`s books. I understand the Ethnosociology as a practice of interdisciplinary analyses bordering on two research fields – Ethnology/folkloristic and Sociology. I interpret here different ordinary and extraordinary situations in a community – healing practices, rites from Christmas rituality etc. – described by Hadzhiyski as examples of authorized language. I analyze different aspects of the authorization process (following Bourdieu`s theory) in order to present how the interplay between different social actors in a community leads to practical outcomes and produce social meaning.

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Религията

Author(s): Nonka Bogomilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper examines some anthropological configurations related to the study and the essence of religion. The view that religion is of an ambivalent nature is shared by certain classic, modern, and postmodern thinkers, like F. Schleiermacher, I. Kant, the early Hegel, H. Bergson, S. Kierkegaard, P. Tillich, E. Fromm, etc. These authors refer to two kinds of religion, each of which has a separate definition: traditional, authoritarian, communal on the one hand, and personal, exalted, mystical on the other. The relation of religion to the group identities and to the conflict generating factors is analyzed. The contemporary transformations of traditional religiosity and the neo-magical trends and forms are outlined: their hybrid, syncretic character, including elements of popular religiosity and non-traditional practices of healing, eating, social communication, etc.

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