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Nature and Environment in William Wordsworth’s Selected Poems: An Eco-critical Approach

Author(s): Hassan Mariwan N. / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2020

In recent years, studying connections between the human being and environment along with nature has been looked at as a topic of significant value for literary researchers. Thus, the emergence of eco-critical approach in the countries, which use English as their first language, holds the first position in this respect. This harmony of the two has been discussed for a while in world literature. This research studies literature review and pinpoints the positive view been presented by looking at eco-criticism. The methods used are textual analysis approach and eco-critical approach. The major points of this study are to investigate the main theme and shed light on it and the way William Wordsworth used his writings to protect the environment from destructions and the writer used eco-criticism or ecology in his works in his time. The environment and ecology in William Wordsworth’s poems are the two things which have been dealt with because poems can serve human beings and make them aware of protecting the environment from pollution. This research consists of several essential points about the literature and nature as well as ecology. Besides, the paper presents an introduction about Englandin the nineteenth century, romanticism, and characteristics of romanticism as these are interrelated with eco-criticism.

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REVIEW: Călin-Horia Bârleanu, Strigătul lui Benjy. Contribuţii asupra tipologiei idiotului în literatură [Benjy’s Howl. Contributions on the typology of the idiot in literature]

Author(s): Alina Prelipcean / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2020

With his innovative spirit, daring to the point of risk, including that of a self-mannerism, Călin-Horia Bârleanu, an academic from the University of Suceava tries, through his excellent study Strigătul lui Benjy. Contribuţii asupra tipologiei idiotului în literatură [Benjy’s Howl. Contributions on the typology of the idiot in literature], an ontological decipherment, i.e. from the perspective of the “speculative theories about the ultimate essences or principles of all things” (MDA, 2010), which would premeditatedly avoid the “harmony of words, so deceptive and by which the trust, as a form of faith, has been emptied of any content”(p. 344), of “the typology of the patient with diminished mental capacity, real and equally projected on him” (p. 204), starting from and analyzing Faulkner's novel The Sound and the Fury, in which the typological character “is, among the resonant forms of the archetype, an entity as palpable as the fear of the dark or the obsessive «devouring jaws», because it represents and it is described by the American writer as a unique form of manifestation and communication”(p. 344), following “the unique typology of Benjy’s projections” especially “through the psychoanalytic lens or the Jungian psychology”(p. 78).

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VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE OF STUDENTS OF TRANSCARPATHIAN SCHOOLS WITH HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION BY INTERACTIVE MEANS OF MUSEUM-EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): Attila Kovach,Magdalyna OPACHKO / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2020

Modern society is interested in specialists competitive at labor market. Today’s school graduates face challenges: to be able to act independently, to make decisions, to realize creative potential, to be mobile, and to quickly adapt to the rapidly changing living conditions. In this context, the system of vocational guidance of student youth is to become more optimistic and its implementation is to be directed on purposeful, constant pedagogical influence on students, support of their choice of profession, and assistance in providing counseling. After all, vocational guidance, which in school life is provided by the efforts of enthusiasts, has a great influence on the formation of professional self-determination of student youth. In addition, we mention students of schools with Hungarian language of instruction, who are mostly focused on Hungary not only due to language issues (which are being solved with interventions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine), but also due to the lack of comprehensive information on professions available within the country, and ways to convey it to students. Thus, we have a significant percentage of graduates who choose their future life path by the method of “trial and error”. The search for ways to optimize career guidance work with student youth in the multiethnic region of Transcarpathia has preconditioned the study of the state of the problem of student vocational guidance at practice. The purpose of research is to study the state of elaboration of the problem of vocational guidance in the practice of educational institutions of Transcarpathia, in particular schools with Hungarian language of instruction. The research methodology covered three levels: theoretical, diagnostic (ascertaining and formative), and explanatory. The theoretical level made it possible to present generalizations of approaches to the development of basic research concepts, namely: vocational guidance of students, museum-educational environment, means of career guidance in the museum-educational environment, and interactive means.The implementation of the model of vocational guidance of students in the museum-educational environment of Transcarpathia was specified for: a) study of courses of the natural science cycle; b) group, out-of-class and out-of-school activities. The organization of vocational guidance work with students was based on the use of vocational guidance potential of the innovative museum environment, which was the “Museum of Professions”. The results of experimental work conducted in two stages. At the first stage we clarified the state of the problem of vocational guidance of students at practice in Transcarpathian schools by means of a questioning of teachers and students. At the second stage, we evaluated the effectiveness of the permanent virtual “Museum of vocational guidance”. The results of empirical research confirmed that the application of the latest means of museum pedagogy in vocational guidance was of great interest to students, as it contributed to the activation of the system of career guidance in schools.

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Colonialism in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: An Analytical Approach

Author(s): Hassan Mariwan N.,Karim Gullan,Nigar Hassan,Rezhin Ahmed / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2020

This paper studies Things Fall Apart via adopting an analytical approach that sheds light on colonialism that has different phases for African countries. They explore the land and finally give excuses for colonizing it. Through analyzing the incidents of the novel the negative role of the colonizer will be demonstrated which is obvious in causing psychological problems for the colonized people of Africa. The paper also illustrates Achebe’s purpose in writing Things Fall Apart as a critique of the British, who colonized African people. His upset about colonialism is demonstrated, which ruined the core of his society, and the novelist wants to make all the people, especially Africans and British aware of the history of African people and their agonies.

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The Use Of The English Language In Romanian Magazines: Necessity Or Luxury?

Author(s): Alexandra CUTE (PASCARIU) / Language(s): English Issue: 13/2020

The process of globalization provides the conditions of the international spread of English as a "lingua franca"; in this context our language asserts its capacity to accept a large number of English loans and highlights its creativity through innovations arising from usage. While some of these loans enter into a process of adaptation and assimilation in the Romanian language, others maintain their English form in both spelling and pronunciation. But how strong is the need to borrow, and how often the Romanian recipient language gives up its own vocabulary items in favour of the foreign ones? This article is concerned with the use of English in Romanian magazines. In order to support my research, I studied five Romanian magazines, (Capital, Casa Lux, Unica, Click! Sănătate, Auto Motor și Sport), which due to their uninterrupted circulation and broad coverage in terms of topics discussed, give a reliable picture of the on-going contact between English and Romanian. The intention of my analysis was to see which of the English words found in the corpus are assimilated and recorded in Romanian dictionaries and under what category of Anglicisms (luxury or necessary) they fall, and, finally, to list their frequency.

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On the Threshold: Gendered Spaces in Home, by Manju Kapur

Author(s): Elisabetta Marino / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2021

Starting from her first, award-winning novel, Difficult Daughters (1998), Manju Kapur has always chosen to focus her narratives on the controversial condition of women in the context of Indian patriarchal society. Moreover, her characters’ struggle to balance tradition and modernity, their attempts at reconciling the demands of their families and their own individual aspirations, have often been reflected in the tension between the spaces women are entitled to inhabit and those from which they are supposedly excluded. By employing the approach of close reading and critical analysis, this essay sets out to explore the way physical and metaphorical thresholds are trespassed in Kapur’s Home (2006). Therefore, family values symbolically identified with domestic spaces are challenged and transgressed to attain the freedom and self-fulfillment the characters long for.

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Technology-prompted Crisis in the 22nd Century – Susan Greenfield’s 2121 – A Tale from the Next Century

Author(s): Andreia Irina Suciu,Mihaela Culea / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2021

The article focuses on an envisaged crisis of humanity in one hundred years’ time, as it is presented in the novel 2121 (2013) by English neuroscientist and writer Susan Greenfield. Greenfield transfers her scientific expertise and pours into the mould of a dystopian view of the future her knowledge of the way in which technology has already, and will, potentially, change people’s brains and the entire course of mankind. The novel, having received mixed reviews, is a “translation”, a transfer or a carrying forward into (the world and language of) fiction of her studies and convictions from her scientific research. The article explores the depicted crisis caused mainly by the excessive and irrational use of technology, with its consequences at individual and collective levels and various types of associated loss and impairment connected to the imagined crisis: loss of measure, loss of control, loss of emotion, loss of the ability to interconnect, loss of environmental equilibrium and connection with nature, loss of purpose, loss of the ability to form mental processes and, subsequently, loss of a sense of identity.

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‘To Speak of Cattle Is to Speak of Man’: Anthroparchal Interactions in John Connell’s the Farmer’s Son

Author(s): Paul Mihai Paraschiv / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

“To Speak of Cattle is to Speak of Man”: Anthroparchal Interactions in John Connell’s The Farmer’s Son. The present paper intends to build a critique of contemporary farming practices, based on Erika Cudworth’s theory of “anthroparchy.” By exemplifying how anthroparchal interactions function in John Connell’s memoir, I will outline the becoming of a posthuman farmer that awakens certain sensibilities towards nonhuman animals, in ways that compel a rethinking of gendered relations, patriarchy, violence, and capitalist interests. The analysis provides a needed insight into recent developments in Irish rural farming, detailing the position of the human subject in relation to nonhuman otherness and describing some of the changes that need to be made regarding the power relations that are at work within patriarchal systems. To this extent, Cudworth’s theoretical framework and Connell’s memoir are proven to be contributing to the necessary restructuring of farming practices and of human-nonhuman interactions.

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Octavia Butler’s Kindred: The Cultural Context of Production

Author(s): Marietta Kosma / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2021

Through Butler’s Kindred, numerous tensions are raised around the notions of accessibility, disability, equality and inclusion exposing the crisis of black futures. My analysis focuses on the way that disability informs Dana’s experiences in the context of slavery, her positioning in the contemporary discourse of neo-liberalism and her positioning in the prospective future. Very few scholars perceive Dana’s subjectivity as an actual state of being that carries value both materially as well as metaphorically. The materiality of disability has not constituted part of the larger discourse of the American slave system. Through rendering disability both figuratively and materially, I establish a connection between the past, the present and the future. The different figurations of space and time exposed through Dana’s time travelling help conceptualize her accessibility in different structures. Previous scholarship has been extensively focusing on the origin and legacy of trauma, inflicted on the black female body of the twentieth century, however, there has been too little, if any criticism in relation to the active construction of black female subjectivity, located at the level of the body. I wish to explore how spectacles of violence against black female bodies function in the wider political imagery of the twenty-first century. The physical and psychological displacement of Dana, as a black female body, exposes her traumatization and the difficulties she faces in order to reclaim her subjectivity in a society burdened by a history of violence and exploitation. Even though Kindred was written before the Black Lives Matter movement emerged, it could be analysed in a way that asserts the continuity of African-American trauma, the perpetuation of systematic racism in USA and the crisis of blackness in the future. Systematic violence threatens black women’s wholeness and renders their bodies at risk.

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Hélène Cixous’s Creaturely "Poethics"

Author(s): Marta Segarra / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Drawing on Jacques Derrida’s and Sarah Kofman’s conception of writing, Anat Pick’s notion of the ‘creaturely’ and Kári Driscoll’s ‘zoopoetics’, this article discusses the relationship between textuality and animality in Hélène Cixous’s work. Cixous’s writing has been described as inscribing the body in the text, which may be considered an ethical engagement; her embodied poetics can thus be called a creaturely poethics. The analysis focuses mostly on Cixous’s latest texts: Les Sans Arche d’Adel Abdessemed (2018), Animal amour (2021) – which deal openly with animals – and her recent fictions on the Shoah, 1938, nuits (2019) and Ruines bien rangées (2020). In them, animality not only traverses human and non human animals, but also beings considered inanimate, such as Osnabrück’s synagogue. Particularly, Ruines bien rangées gives a voice – and, above all, a ‘cry’ – to all beings reduced to silence, and therefore to death, by the Nazis.

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Homofaunie: Non-human Tonalities of Listening in Derrida and Cixous

Author(s): Naomi Waltham-Smith / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In L’animal que donc je suis Jacques Derrida suggests that the question of what would be proper to the animal should ‘change tune’. I read this extraordinary passage, in which Derrida calls for us to lend an ear to an ‘unheard-of music’ that neither emancipates the non-human nor condemns it to inarticulate noise, in conjunction with the nexus of animality, telephony and the cri de la littérature that unfolds in Hélène Cixous’s writing, exploring the significant role assumed by the sonorous in these descriptions of non-human life. For Cixous, the telephonic power of near-instantaneous substitution and of prostheticity is inseparable from the sounds produced by the coterie of animals that populate the writings of these two authors. What is intriguing is that this bestiary is almost always said with a certain homonymy or homophony. Hence this article traces what I dub an ‘homofaunie’ echoing Cixous’s series of puns and neologisms such as ‘(t)elefaun’ and ‘(t)elephantasy’ that capture Derrida’s attention. The article asks what is at stake for theorizing non-human life – not just animal but also plant and so-called inanimate life – if the mode of questioning is to be redirected by a specifically aural attunement in which listening itself is retuned under the guidance of untranslatable homophony.

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I Stink, Therefore I Mink: A Manifesto

Author(s): Marie-Dominique Garnier / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The recent mass culling of mink in Denmark and elsewhere, following the animals’ contamination by a COVID-19 variant, is taken as a re-entry point into Derrida and Lacan’s mink-mediated conversation in The Beast and the Sovereign. Out of the etymological ‘stink’ attached to the mink emerges an animot gifted with (unlimited) ink, with a potential to disturb philosophies of language, to write back or strike back, as it has recently done in the form of alignments of dead yet resurfacing animals. In the wake of Derrida’s verbal disseminations around the vison, and of Lacan’s attribution of a ‘sort of language’ to the animal in The Formations of the Unconscious, this essay follows an animal pack with includes the 17 million mink programmed for (double) extinction by inhumation and cremation. A hauntology follows, adumbrated by Lacan’s interest in the ‘secretion’ of fur, mink oil and (psychoanalytic) sense, and by Derrida’s encounter with the neoliberal, crypto-vison Alain Minc in 1994.

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Bugging: The Kaleidoscopic Literary Politics of Insects

Author(s): Nina Seiler / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This article analyses the appearance of insects in Polish literature of the mid-socialist period. It will elaborate a post-humanist perspective on the peaking presence of flies, wasps, bugs or worms in literary texts both as a motif and as an aesthetic strategy. The article investigates the way the deployment of insects in and through the text modulates the view of and the perspective on their human fellows, and how these modulations can be traced to the social reality of the socialist 1960s and 1970s.

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Жанрови парадигми в „Балада за Георг Хених“

Author(s): Alexandar Panov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The article analyzes Victor Paskov's story "The Ballad of Georg Henich", following the four genre paradigms that build its unique composition. These paradigms are: ballad, story, memoir and passion. Each of them has its own way of processing the life material, its own composition and way of building the images of the main characters, its own way of posing the artistic problem, as well as a specific way of impact and social function. Despite the differences between the four genre paradigms clearly present in this book, its semantic world is emphatically unified. This unity is ensured by the fact that the idea of truth underlies all four genre models. In essence, this book observes four ways of presenting and evaluating the truth, which are so organically intertwined that they form a unique, harmonious and emotionally convincing whole.

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Рекламата за „Чудото на XIX ВЕК“. Свидетелства в българския периодичен печат (1896–1914)

Author(s): Peter Kardjilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 11/2022

Тoday, cinema is an art, accompanied by its own sciences, its own film criticism and its own film journalism. But what happened in the years immediately after its birth. There was a Word – describing something new and unknown; admiring a technical invention that even his fathers did not believe in; recreating the atmosphere that prevailed during the first sessions and the reactions of the surprised audience… It is from this Word, preserved to this day in the advertisements printed in the then Bulgarian periodicals, that modern film criticism is born. This article with the help of concrete examples, traces this process of turning the „reclamo” („cry of praise”) into an intellectual activity.

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Lectură și interpretare a Bibliei în romanul „Muncile lui Persiles și ale Sigismundei” al lui Miguel de Cervantes

Author(s): Anca Crivat / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

In this study, we propose the analysis of a series of biblical quotations in the last Cervantine novel in order to identify the role that these could play in highlighting the meanings of the book and in the narrative strategy of the author.

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ТРАКИЯ И ТРАКИТЕ В СВЕТА НА АНТИЧНИЯ РОМАН: ТЕМИ, ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ, ТОПОСИ

Author(s): Mina Tasseva Bencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

The ancient novels, written in Greek or Latin, appeared around the Ist century AD and quickly became a popular genre. Drawing from a number of topoi and common themes, both in their narratives and in their style, these works reflected perceptions of the present, problems and questionings of their time. The genre of the ancient novel also shared numerous themes and means of expression with ‘higher’ literary genres from the same period, such as those of the Second sophistic. Later, the novels enjoyed popularity in the Byzantine empire and in Europe during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The paper aims at exploring there presentation of Thrace and the Thracians in the works of several authors of ancient novels such as Apuleius, Longus, Helliodorus and Pseudo-Callisthenes by gathering and analyzing interpretations of various figures from the history and the mythology of the region as well as generic representations and themes related to it. The paper will thus contribute to the main subject of the readings by bringing into light some of the manners in which the image of Thrace and the Thracians evolved in the Graeco-Roman culture from the first centuries of the Empire.

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МИТ ИЛИ РЕАЛНОСТ – ТРАКИЯ И ТРАКИТЕ В МЕТАМОРФОЗИ НА АПУЛЕЙ

Author(s): Slavtcho Kirov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

This article discusses the various stereotypes associated with Thrace and the Thracians during the Roman era, not only drawn from the Greek literary tradition, but also directly inspired by the political situation in Rome and the Balkans, skillfully intertwined by Apuleius to offer different levels of interpretation.

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Красотата като автентичност и автентичността като красота в разказите на Николай Хайтов

Author(s): Nikolay Turlakov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

In this article, I examine some philosophical intuitions and existential motives in the descriptions of the beautiful in the stories of Nikolay Haitov. When Haitov asks what the "soul” of our language is, “its beauty", he does not give an explicit answer, but simply describes the beauty he sees in the richness of the Bulgarian language. If the beauty of language, which has found expression in folk songs and stories, implies the gift of unknown "talented masters", bards and story tellers, then, for its part, this beauty lasts only insofar as it is daily revived and shared in people’s soul. The soul wants a soul. Haitov's stories are valuable from a philosophical point of view, because they show the primordial and inseparable connection of beauty and language – the sense of beauty is cultivated as an experience in language. And then any masterly artistic description of the beautiful can be considered as a kind of reciprocal relation of language to the sense of the beautiful, in which the latter is enriched and constructed as taste.

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На ръба на играта: "Притчата за Стенли/The Stanley parable"

Author(s): Snezhana Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 13/2023

Galactic Cafe's videogame The Stanley Parable (2013), with a 2022 remake as The Stanley Parable Ultra Delux, becomes a base for reflections about the communicative boundaries of the game in its classical parameters.

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