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Новая страница в хронике русско-венгерского поэтического перевода - Переводы Иштвана Баки

Author(s): Mihály Péter / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2009

The publication of the poetic translations of the untimely deceased Hungarian poet István Baka opens a new page in the chronicle of Russian–Hungarian literary translation. The two volumes contain more than 630 translations from 30 poets, among them many (especially authors of “samizdat” and “tamizdat” literature) were not known until now to Hungarian readers not familiar with the Russian language. Baka’s selection of poets to be translated was determined by his intense affinity to the author based on the similarity of vital experience, poetic outlook on life, and artistic skill. Like the major poets of the “Silver Age” of Russian poetry, Baka had a special gift for transubstantiation, for creating a synthesis of his own individuality with those of several famous historical and artistic personalities and mythological figures. The paper displays some characteristic excerpts to illustrate the many-sided translatory art of Baka.

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Византийские источники богословия иконы в «Послании иконописцу» (Часть первая)

Author(s): Ágnes Kríza / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2009

The first treatise dealing explicitly with theology of the icon in medieval Rus’ was preserved in an anonymous work known as Poslanie iconopistsu (Letter to the Iconographer) written at the end of the 15th century which contains three sermons. These three sermons later became part of the famous Prosvetitel (Enlightener) compiled by Joseph of Volokolamsk. The paper makes an investigation into the problem of the hidden sources of the Letter to the Iconographer which almost entirely consists of verbal quotations from different earlier theological texts. Among the cited writings there are five Byzantine dogmatic works written in defense of icons and translated into Church Slavonic which are of outstanding importance. In the case of these works the method of borrowing their passages and the additional content these gain in their new contexts where they were transplanted shed light to the aims and interests of the 15–16th century Russian theologian which are apparently different from those of his Byzantine predecessors. It is especially interesting to observe how the Russian author tries to legitimate the icon of the Holy Trinity by the aid of the different arguments of Byzantine apologists.

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Парадоксы «метафикционального» хронотопа в романах Гессе, Набокова и Булгакова

Author(s): A. V. Zlochevskaja / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2009

The structure of the chronotop of the metafictional prose of H. Hesse, V. Nabokov and M. Bulgakov is antinomic: the physical time/place action is restricted or secondary in significance and axiology while the chronotop of the world of the writer’s creative consciousness is boundless and overloaded with historical and cultural content.

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ACHILLEUS HAJNALA. FÉNYSZIMBOLIKA AZ ILIASBAN ÉS STATIUS ACHILLEISÉBEN

Author(s): Dániel Kozák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2008

All three descriptions of dawn in Statius’ Achilleid (1.242–5; 1.819–20; 2.1–4) are tightly connected to the “metamorphoses” of Achilles in the poem. These passages also recall the dawn opening Iliad 19, and the Homeric system of metaphors and symbols comparing the hero’s return to battle to the arrival of light and dawn. A particularly complex connection between Achilles’ exposure and sunrise is established in the third Statian passage under discussion, which can also be interpreted as a possible prediction of Achilles’ future as epic and elegiac hero. The genitor coruscae lucis mentioned in this passage can be identified as Iuppiter/Diespiter; as a consequence, the description sheds some light on the god’s role in the Achilleid as well.

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A FASTI-KUTATÁS ÚJ IRÁNYAI

Author(s): L. Zoltán Simon / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2008

„Ovid’s Fasti could never be real poetry” – állapította meg egykor H. Fränkel az Ovidius-filológiában korszakalkotónak számító monográfi ájában, s e lesújtó ítéletnek megfelelően – mely egyébként mindenestül összevágott a XX. században uralkodó communis opinióval – az életmű második legterjedelmesebb darabjának bemutatására alig tíz oldalt szentelt. Annál szembetűnőbb az ezredfordulón látványosan megélénkülő érdeklődés, melynek intenzitását jól mutatja, hogy a 2002-ben, G. Herbert-Brown szerkesztésében megjelent tanulmánykötet 12 szerzője közül nyolcan (A. Barchiesi, E. Fantham, E. Gee, S. J. Green, G. Herbert-Brown, J. F. Miller, C. Newlands és M. Pasco-Pranger) önálló kötetben (monográfi a, ill. kommentár formájában) is közzétették kutatásaikat.

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Reportaż śledczy jako narzędzie społecznej interwencji. Rzecz o ofiarach, katach i milczeniu (Czy Bóg wybaczy siostrze Bernadetcie? Justyny Kopińskiej)

Author(s): Joanna Szydłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2017

The book Is God Going to Forgive Nun Bernadetta by Justyna Kopińska, showing to the publicthe abnormalities and pathologies of functioning at the Special Education Centre of the Boromeuszki Nuns in Zabrze, will be the subject of our interest. We will be concerned with the techniques which allow us to put this text in the field of investigative journalism (such as facts management, therealization of compositional and stylistic assumptions, creating portraits of characters, and respectingethical rules of journalism).

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Skromny i staranny. Wybrane zagadnienia warsztatu pisarskiego Kazimierza Sarneckiego, rezydenta Karola Stanisława Radziwiłła na dworze Jana III Sobieskiego

Author(s): Tomasz Ślęczka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2017

The purpose of this article is to discuss the methods which Kazimierz Sarnecki employed to convince his principal, Karol Stanisław Radziwił, of his suitability as a resident at the court of KingJan III Sobieski. In the collection of Sarnecki’s writing strategies, aimed at winning the principal’s goodwill,we find affected modesty, numerous acknowledgements and praises directed to the recipient of his accounts, and an array of procedures calculated to create the effect of extreme diligence; in order to show it, our author will theatrically accentuate his own zeal in the service (which I call affected modesty), multiply the details and anecdotes, emphasise his certainty resulting from the acquired messages and situations being eye-witnessed, point to the wide circle of the court informants from different spheres, and point out what difficulties he encountered in his principal’s service. These procedures have proven to be effective.

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Poetycki zwierzy(e)niec Agnieszki Osieckiej

Author(s): Klaudia Łachacz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2017

This article attempts at describing the representations of various animals in Agnieszka Osiecka’s poetry: their function and the form of artistic influence. The poet is a clever observer of animals in which humans can perceive themselves. Sometimes the animals in their beauty and deftness testify to the perfection of the divine work; at other times – portrayed in deterministic terms - naked and defenseless in the face of death, they bring to mind the irrevocable destiny of man. Sometimes these animals witness human characters making their choices – more or less counsels. Thanks to the animals’ presence this poetry bustles with life, even though it reminds the reader of his own finiteness.

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Aspekty przyrodnicze w obrazowaniu miasta na przykładzie Breslau/Wrocławia w prozie polskiej i niemieckiej lat (po)wojennych

Author(s): Kamila Augustyn / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2017

This article is an attempt to determine whether nature was an important component of the presented world for the novelists and chroniclers of Wroclaw. It primarily examines how the literary and non-literary image of the city has evolved over 70 years and shows the changes in the awareness and attitudes of its citizens towards the environment in different historical periods: in the days of the Weimar Republic, in the Third Reich, during the siege of Fortress Breslau, during the post-war reconstruction, in the sixties and the eighties, after the socio-political transformation, during the floods in 1997, and in the past few years until 2015.

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Stanisława Bieniasza i Henryka Sekulskiego zmagania z brzemieniem niemieckości

Author(s): Grzegorz Supady / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2017

In this article, examples of the literary work of two Polish authors: Stanisław Bieniasz and Henryk Sekulski are presented. Bieniasz and Sekulski are contemporaneous writers who spent partof their life in Germany. In their books they illustrate the Polish immigrant community in East and West Germany in the 1970s and 80s. Bieniasz was a Silesian who portrayed his experiences in North Rhine-Westphalia, while Sekulski came from a small village in eastern Poland and lived for several years as an unskilled worker in Leipzig in the GDR. In these different Germanys their culture and customs were confronted with a new, strange world. Their observations bear witness to the failure of many Polish people to live in Germany as citizens on equal terms. The mainly pessimistic views of Bieniasz and Sekulski are contrasted with Günter Grass’s journalistic essay on the unification of Germany and with the analysis of the German soul by the French author: Bernard Nuss.

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Концепт «религии человечества» в поэтике повести «Хаджи-Мурат» Л. Н. Толстого

Author(s): András Pécsi / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

Tolstoy’s pneumatology based ‘multiculturalism’ and his theological ecumenism have provocative timeliness in the historical situation of the collision of two big cultures. The most complex, poetically coded formulation of sphere of thought - as the writer’s intellectual will - can be found in this ‘swan song’, without authentic interpretation of which hermeneutic approach of Tolstoy’s life’s work cannot be conceivable these days. It can be stated that Tolstoy’s ‘heathenism’ is the poetical projection of Christian theological universalism which is a thought experiment comparable with Dostoevsky and Vladimir Solovyov’s intellectual performance. The new element in the hypothesis of the short novel’s analysis is that it views the writer’s criticism of civilization in the four-part Berdyayev system of the intellectual typology of art development. Thus, the work appears as the last chapter of a ‘metanovel’, determined by a latent pneumatological vision, creating the effect of illumination of new poetic features.

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Четырехмерная герменевтика и ее наследие

Author(s): Léna Szilárd / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

Although the 20th-century Slavic literary criticism provided several variants of methods, the most specific and clear-cut principles were established in Vyach. Ivanov’s dissertation Dionysus and Pre-Dionysianism. Ivanov’s four-dimensional hermeneutics developed the traditions of Schleiermacher’s and Boeck’s philological hermeneutics, complemented by the results of phenomenology and the study of mythological and ritual roots of text. It found its followers in Mikhail Bakhtin and to some extent in the school he generated. It was also promoted by Toporov’s influential methodology, which was close to it in principles and reflected both in Russia and outside its borders.

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Some Remarks on the Birth of the Chinese Story

Author(s): Ildikó Ecsedy / Language(s): English Issue: 2-4/2003

Chinese short stories and novels differ greatly from their European counterparts. The birth of the Chinese story is closely linked to the development of the Chinese commercial cities, in which their authors, audience and typical figures lived. Historical themes occur frequently, but the real heroes of the stories are people living on the periphery of society: merchants, thieves, and other city-dwellers. The imperial court and high officials only play a limited role. Young scholars and failed examination candidates, on the other hand, make a frequent appearance. The authors of most stories are unknown to us, as the stories have developed for centuries, and their written versions were compiled relatively lately, centuries after the emergence of the original story cycles.

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Insektosemityzm

Author(s): Monika Żółkoś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

This article is an attempt at describing Nazi anti‑Semitic narrations from the animal studies perspective. The author traces the ways of using cultural images of insects in persecutory discourses, which by means of the “animalism” category not only degrade the Jewish identity, but also deprive it of human subjectivity. The article shows the creation of the specific interpretation of Semitic corporeality – presented as budding and expanding, and simultaneously repulsive and estranging – by means of insect metaphors. What seems to be particularly interesting is tracing the movement of anti‑Semitic connotations, which link the Jewish identity with more and more lowly and non‑human living forms – insects, parasites, and bacteria. Their impact on the collective consciousness leads from the metaphor to that which is made extremely literal, whose culminations are ghettoes and death camps. Literary endeavours to oppose the degrading images connecting the Jewish community with the negatively valorised animality provide yet another important thread of the article. The author examines various strategies of discursive resistance, found in Marian Pankowski’s pieces and in Julian Tuwim’s poem. Their common ground is not so much rejecting Nazi similes, presenting the Jews as equal with insects, as appropriating these images and filling them with new content, which turns out to be a more sophisticated form of subversion.

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Gzy żelazne i ludzkie owady „Entomologia” wojenna Marii Pawlikowskiej‑Jasnorzewskiej

Author(s): Magdalena Kokoszka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The author of this article is interested in insect motifs appearing above all in MariaPawlikowska‑Jasnorzewska’s Szkicownik poetycki. The modern war described by the poet shatters the epidermal order of the world; it seems to allow the incomprehensible – that which is not an object yet, such as insects‑planes, but which is not a subject anymore, such as the human changed by the war. The latter – reduced to the role of a trash animal, a stigmatised being – imperceptibly finds himself or herself in the world that he or she is prone to perceive as the world of the insect.

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Czajka (nad)zwyczajna. Perspektywa ekokrytyczna w narracjach o Zagładzie Izabeli Czajki Stachowicz

Author(s): Marta Tomczok / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

In the article, the author attempts to prove how valuable a change of methodology can be when it comes to war and Shoah literature of Izabela Czajka Stachowicz. Instead of a reading focused on the writer as a celebrity who shows off and is permeated with sexism, the author proposes the ecocritical and posthumanist reading in its broad understanding, grounded primarily upon the works of Rosi Braidotti. Basing on this perspective, the author discusses the diary entitled Ocalił mnie kowal, situating it against the background of Czajka’s autobiographical prose as well as numerous other war diaries and memoirs of the Jews. Czajka’s writings above all embrace plants and animals with figurative care, but at the same these texts they do not lack realistic narration, devoted to the examples of agreements that the writer hiding on the “Aryan side” has made with homeless or enslaved hens, dogs, and cats.

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Niepokoje. Tadeusz Różewicz wobec tzw. zwierząt hodowlanych

Author(s): Patryk Szaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

Collating Tadeusz Różewicz’s poetry with Jacques Derrida’s critique of logocentrism and John D. Caputo’s so‑called poetics of obligation, this article ponders upon the ethical relation to non‑human animals – particularly livestock – in the aforementioned literary project. Although Różewicz’s volumes published early after the end of the war seem to drift towards negative anthropology, they tend to benefit from more modern interpretative codes, for instance Giorgio Agamben’s anthropological machine or Caputo’s poetics of obligation. With regard to the means of the latter one, it is argued that Różewicz’s poetry endeavours to rethink animal as the absolute Other, contributing to the ethical relation which has been previously restricted entirely to Human‑Other. Such poems as Walentynki, Świniobicie, Ucieczka świnek dwóch (z obozu zagłady – rzeźni), Buty i wiersze or Unde malum? confirm Różewicz’s sensitivity to animal suffering.Moreover, they often anticipate the ethical and philosophical debates upon the human/animal dyad, and their practical political and economic implications.

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Relacja człowiek – pies w opowiadaniach Idy Fink

Author(s): Bartłomiej Krupa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

This paper is devoted to the role human–canine bonding serves in Ida Fink’s works. The introduction describes the conversation between the author of this article and the sister of the writer who, suddenly, recalled a dog killed by Nazi Germans during wartime. This account is followed by the category of mourning animals and the emphasis on the particular sensitivity to the harm of all beings, despite species, that the survivors show. The first part of this paper is an analysis of Ida Fink’s short story, Czing, which focuses on the aforementioned dog. Moreover, it tackles the stereotype of “a spinster and her animal,” and the simultaneous births of racism and cynology. In the second part, Czarna bestia, a short story on the communication between a dog and a human being is discussed. Finally, the paper indicates possible dangers that Ida Fink has successfully evaded; particularly, it covers the tasteless, distorted accounts on how the Jews attempting to avoid the Shoah have been saved by the wolfs (Holstein and Defonseca).

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Monolog psa zaplątanego w dzieje. O nie‑ludzkich narracjach wojennych

Author(s): Katarzyna Ebbig / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The article provides an endeavour to look at animal narration in the context of Shoah literature. Focusing primarily on Asher Kravitz’s novel The Jewish Dog, the author examines whether letting a non‑human creature speak is only a desire to create a new representation or rather a part of the visible tendency to both include beings other than human in our history and everyday life, and affirm their role in these areas.

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„Zwrot ku zwierzętom” w prozie Gustawa Morcinka. Rekonesans

Author(s): Lucyna Sadzikowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The article concerns post‑camp literature of Gustaw Morcinek, which presents complex relations between people and animals. Issues presented in the prose of the writer from Karwina can be decoded by means of ecocritical currents. The animal studies perspective makes it possible to go beyond melancholic, anthropocentric theology. Animal eschatology in Morcinek’s writings shows numerous similarities to his reflections on the death of the human behind “barbed wires.” The human has been defined by the writer – who has turned towards animals – not as a creature antithetical to the animal, but as one equal to it. Morcinek makes successful attempts to affirm the animal world by building a positive system of values with the ethical component towards nature.

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