Przegląd zagraniczny
Tym razem w przeglądzie zagranicznym przedstawiamy Bruce’a Chatwina, niezwykle interesującego pisarza angielskiego, który zmarł pod koniec ubiegłego roku.
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Tym razem w przeglądzie zagranicznym przedstawiamy Bruce’a Chatwina, niezwykle interesującego pisarza angielskiego, który zmarł pod koniec ubiegłego roku.
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The research deals with folklore representations of the vampire in the Serbian literature. By reconstructing the vampire motif, we shall point out the traditional elements that appear in the representative works from the beginning of the 20th to the 21st century. Examples of the transposition of this motif in the Serbian short stories are Vampir Pantelija by Danica Marković (1992), Vampirica by Božidar Kovačević (1928) and Vampirović by Ivan Pavić (2017). By analysing the motif of vampire focusing on the origins, physical characteristics, and methods of vampire destruction, the paper indicates genre conditionality of its representation and in some places divergence from the traditional image of the vampire. At the same time, the paper points out possible perspectives of interpretation in the approach to this literary motif, and the method of the study is founded on the reconstruction of the folklore template, based on the extensive corpus of folk belief and theoretical works.
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Ce travail vise à donner l’analyse des dramatis personae comme les éléments constitutifs de drame, à l’aide des concepts dramatiques modernes. Ayant choisi la pièce Le professeur Taranne (1953) de dramaturge français Arthur Adamov, nous tenons à examiner le statut et l’identité du personnage dramatique au contexte du théâtre de l’absurde et ses tendances particulières, avec un accent mis sur la problématique de la vie aliénée / la non-vie, issue du degré zéro des relations humaines – le concept représentatif de l’œuvre d’Adamov. D’ailleurs, c’est dans cette optique et avec une approche herméneutique interprétative que nous voulons éclairer le caractère dit dramatique de la pièce d’Adamov, plus particulièrement par rapport au drame traditionnel, et dans le but d’une meilleure compréhension de l’idée d’enchaînement entre la forme et le contenu.
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This paper analyses Carlos Fuentes social engagement in The Death ofArtemio Cruz, which focuses on the birth, the development path and the death ofthe Mexican Revolution. The paper relies on the same attitudes towards the socialengagement and responsibility of the prose writer held by Jean-Paul Sartre, MichelFoucault, and postmodern theorists, since The Death of Artemio Cruz is consideredto be one of the first manifestations of budding postmodernism in Latin America.We also refer to the theoretical considerations that Fuentes expresses in his proseworks and essays. We point out that Carlos Fuentes uses the body and the actions(bribery, speculation, oppression of the Indian people) of the former revolutionary,Artemio Cruz, to bring to light the recurring political patterns of behavior, and toprove that, in accordance with Foucault s conception, the body is the mirror of thestate. Through the aforementioned elements we also analyse the manifestations of thefailure of revolutionary ideals, striving to shed light on the appeal that Fuentes makesto his readers in order to point out the necessity of (political) engagement, which isa prerequisite for the survival of the revolution itself. Therefore, it is important tohighlight that the death of Artemio Cruz does not necessarily mean the death of therevolution or the state, but the possibility of its regeneration, which can be achievedthrough the engagement of each individual.
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The aim of this research is to point out the ethical and aesthetic values presented in the trilogy Savage Acts by Ramón María del Valle-Inclán. Moreover, the thoughts on which the aesthetic symbolism is based, such as esoteric doctrines, 19th century philosophy as well as religious ethics, are addressed. Additionally, the aesthetics in its aspects of archetype, myth, chronotopе, and the Decadent Movement is reviewed through relevant examples. The uniqueness of the trilogy can be perceived not only in the corpus of the author, but also on the wider scale of dramatic literary tradition. Starting from the fact that these dramas represent an isolated case of the Spanish symbolism, it is proved that they simultaneously represent the first example of the avant-garde in the Spanish literature, as well as an announcement of some of the great European movements in the aesthetics of theatre.
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Yitskhok Katsenelson was a Jewish writer, teacher and translator; he was murdered on May 1st, 1944 in Auschwitz. His work Dos lid fun oysgehargetn yidishn folk [The Song of the Murdered Jewish People] which is one of the most important literary testimonies of the Shoah, was created in the period from October 3rd, 1943 to January 17th, 1944 in the internment camp Vittel in France. Katsenelson had hoped that his Yiddish-language lament would resonate after the war, especially in Israel but also around the world. In our contribution we would like to discuss whether these hopes have been realized.
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This article is a contribution to analysis of the critique of stoicism in the 18th century. The author suggests that the text of J. M. von Loën is intertwined with the trend initiated by Thomasius that was developed by Baumgarten and Meier. The terminology that is used by von Loën evidently suggests genetic connotations with the terminology used by Baumgarten (“rauhe Sittenlehre/Tugend”), and the critical argumentation has the connection with the argumentation used by Meier, who has termed the stoic postulate of stifling emotions as a removal of half of humankind from a human being. Von Loën – similarly to Meier – is a proponent of the concept of a whole human being (“der ganze Mensch”) and he opts for the harmony of the soul (“Gemütsruhe”).
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The term ‘genius’ induces to fictionalize the special person, who is considered to be a ‘genius’. As a consequence, it is often difficult to distinguish between fiction and truth. Therefore ‘genius’ is often used as a tool to convince somebody of a specific idea in literature. This thought pattern of ‘genius’ is formative since the 1700s until today. In these premises the English poet William Shakespeare is an incisive example: he is fictionalized as a ‘genius’ for the purpose of idealization and stylization or to analyze contemporary issues in Herder’s (1773) and Friedell’s (1911) essays about Shakespeare. Herder utilizes Shakespeare for his poetological scheme to underscore a new and progressive type of poet in the epoch of Sturm und Drang. Friedell tries to exemplify by reference to Shakespeare an entire era in contradistinction to his present age at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Armin Müller’s “Der Puppenkönig und ich” (1986), Günter Grass’ “Beim Häuten der Zwiebel” (2006) and Wieland Förster’s “Tamaschito” (2017) are more than just initiation stories – or should one restictively speak of autobiographical records? They are a form of settling accounts with an inhuman past, of giving account of life, a report of own faults, a hard self-questioning. Only with these – partly authentic, partly fictitious – confessional books have the authors written down a tormenting chapter of their life story, which is at the same time an unresolved chapter in the history of the Germans, and freed themselves from a nightmare which burdens them – their lives. The article analyzes these three works and characterizes their youthful protagonists. How does the author relate to his 16 or 17 year old alter ego in the respective work? It is pointed out how Müller combines his theme – the loss of the homeland – with this of a painful farewell to the past and his protagonist’s increasing understanding of the real historical present. For Grass, on the other hand, it can be said that the secret engine for his writing was probably always the subjectively perceived guilt – is former involvement in National Socialism. Finally, Wieland Förster’s “novel of a captivity” is described as an continuum events and reflection on inhumanity that can hardly be surpassed in intensity; as one-sidedness, as a monstrous concentration on one thing, on one thought, on one sense – somehow to survive.
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The article analyses selected male protagonists of literary works of Martin Walser created in the 20th and 21st century, their spiritual, emotional and physical aging and problems of sexual nature, the deepening gap between elderly man and the young generation, or loneliness and lack of understanding connected with aging. The subject of transience, aging, declining vital force, existential dilemmas which accompany the last years of life, has been present in Walser’s works for decades, not only in those created recently the motif of the fear of life, ageing, loss of love and inevitable death, determining the attitudes and actions of the protagonists has been particularly foregrounded.
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The paper deals with the question of the literary representation of adolescence in connection with migration. The topic is largely unexplored, scientifically, journalistically and literarily. Both processes are extremely similar to each other and, combined with each other, can lead to great disturbances of the personality and enormous overburdening of the young person. The main character of the text, an adolescent girl, is experiencing changes on all levels of her existence when she arrives in Germany. The paper aims to show which aspects the reader’s attention is focused on and how they are presented in a narrative manner.
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For some time now, there could be found more and more offers/services on the Internet that are linked to medical industry. An example of this are the doctor evaluation portals, which, as the results of many surveys prove, enjoy ever greater popularity among Internet users. They are used in the first place to find the right doctors, and also give the opportunity to assess them. In the center of interest of the article are opinions on doctors in the form of comments obtained from the German doctor evaluation portal Jameda. The analysis focuses on the expressions describing doctors used by the evaluators in the comments. The starting point for the analysis is the assumption that the appelative personal designations used in the evaluations are of great importance for the general meaning of the entire comment. The corpus of the study consists of about 120 evaluations obtained from the portal. Personal designations excerpted from the texts are analyzed from the perspective of their morphological and syntactic structure, taking into account also the criterion of naming motives.
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The aim of the paper is a linguistic analysis of Polish heterostereotypes about the Germans in the political discourse on the German reparations payments to Poland for II World War. The researched material consists of Polish press articles which have been published in the year 2017. In the paper, the stereotypes as well as the language forms, which have been used in order to emphasize the stereotypes, and functions, that they have full filed, have been analyzed. On the basis of the analysis, the question has been answered, what stereotypes related to the Polish-German relationships during the World War II existed during the researched political period in 2017 in Poland. On the basis of the conducted analysis, the current stereotypes have been determined in the researched discourse.
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