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Трансцендентализмът на съзерцанието в ранния будизъм

Author(s): Ivan Kamburov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2015

The present article analyses in depth the transcendental specificity of contemplation in Early Buddhism and the functional significance of the Buddhist dharma theory. In addition, it describes the phenomenological procedures of Buddhist reductionism and compares them with the phenomenological paths of Western philosophy – particularly the phenomenological manner of thinking.

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Najwyższa nauka Da xue 大學 — próba interpretacji tekstu w duchu wczesnego konfucjanizmu

Author(s): Katarzyna Pejda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2018

The article contains translation of classical Chinese text Greatest Learning Da Xue 大學 and the interpretation of important terms such as de 德 and gewu 格物. Da Xue is a part of ancient Chinese texts Liji 禮記 but the reinterpretation of the text became later a basis of neo-confucian philosophy. I argue that Da Xue is a pragmatic manual for an individual who firstly wants to cultivate himself and being cultivated is able to change the world into confucian utopia. Hence the phrase gewu does not have a meaning of “investigating things” in order to understand li 理 but “understanding the order of things that come”.

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ETHICS OF PERSONAL RELATIONS AND NEUROSCIENCE

Author(s): Dragoş Grigorescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In the area of applied ethics a separate chapter is dedicated to the report between morality and personal relationships. Are they in conflict or not, so that you can not be morally up to the end when it comes to people with whom you have a personal experience? Morality is a universally valid standard of behaviour or, in fact, there are several levels of morality or even more types of morality. The paper analyses this conflict by taking into account a short episode of Plato's dialogues and then by comparison with more recent contributions to this subject. There is, therefore, a philosophical, biological and philosophical perspective, and finally the way in which today's neuroscience can further clarify this dispute.

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Indian Philosophical Motifs in the Drama Shakuntala

Author(s): Luara Eliza Avarvari / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2018

This article aims at discovering and analyzing Indian philosophical motifs, poetically illustrated in Kalidasa’s drama, Shakuntala. The drama is the artistic expression of the longing for the absolute, as well as of the fascinating techniques of meditation and ecstasy practiced in the ancient civilization of India. The study attempts an essential interrogation about the relation between the earthly and the heavenly hermitage, about the relation between the earthly and the heavenly Ganges.

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A Comparative Study of Tai Ji Quan and Qigong

Author(s): Borislava Lecheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The paper analyses Tai Ji Quan and Qigong, two of the traditional Chinese types of exercising, from four different perspectives: philosophical concept; history; training principles; health benefits. After an extensive review of literature, the study shows that despite of differences in origin and choreography Tai Ji Quan and Qigong share similar theoretical roots, their training methods are overlapping so are the health benefits relatedto their practice. The purpose of the paper is to serve as an accurate source of information for people involved in the practice of Tai Ji Quan and Qigong as well as to contribute to their overall popularization.

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Сравнительный анализ религиозно-философских доктрин хуруфизма и единства бытия (вахдат ал-вуджуд)

Author(s): Zaur Rashidov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2020

Hurufism is an historical mystical-philosophical worldview, part of the Islamic spiritual culture. The founder of this teaching is Fazlullah Naimi (Astarabadi) (1339–1401). In his teaching, Fazlullah attached divine meaning to 28 Arabic and 32 Persian letters. According to Naimi, the letters, numbers, and also traits and features of human face have a hidden secret meaning. Divine signs (letters and numbers) are revealed in the human face (traits and features). Thus, through divine signs, he transferred divine qualities from God to man. Accused of spreading anthropomorphic and anthropocentric ideas that are unacceptable in Islam, Hurufism has been criticized and persecuted since its founding. Its founder, Fazlullah Naimi, and one of his most famous followers, Seyyed Imadeddin Nasimi (1369–1417), were brutally executed. The views of the Hurufites were declared heretical throughout the Islamic world. For this reason, in the following centuries, the Hurufites were forced to hide and their original ideas dnf teachings began to transform rapidly. During that process, Hurufism gradually dissolved in such mystical and philosophical teachings and trends as Bektashism, Alavism, Calendaring, the ideology of Kyzylbash. The ideas of Hurufism enriched the theoretical foundations of these Islamic teachings.

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The power of paradox: notes on categories of the tragic, mono no aware, and lacrimae rerum

Author(s): Maria Korusiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2020

The paper is an attempt to investigate the intriguing convergence of the inner logic of three aesthetic categories that emerge from the experience of finitude of existence in diverse cultural environments: the awareness of the tragic in Western cultures, the Japanese category of mono no aware, expressing the painful beauty of things in their impermanence, and a famous Greco-Roman notion of lacrimae rerum (tears of things). All three – despite the deep disparities between the cultural traditions they represent – prove to be the “places” of paradox, of powerful synchronic tension resulting from the “clash” of contradictory forces, transforming one’s perception of the universum. It seems that it is the paradoxical nature of the experiences labelled by these categories (as confirmed by neuroscience) that allows us to confront our finitude with the aid of aesthetic tools.

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Rola filozofii ubuntu w rozliczeniach z przeszłością w Republice Południowej Afryki i wybranych obszarach południowoafrykańskiego prawa

Author(s): Michał Krotoszyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

The inauguration of Nelson Mandela as South Africa’s first democratic president on 10 May 1994 became a symbol of the end of apartheid and the beginning of a new chapter in the country’s history. As South African society was deeply divided, the 1993 Interim Constitution expressed the need for reconciliation between the people of South Africa and the reconstruction of its society. The legacy of apartheid was to be addressed based on ‘a need for understanding but not for vengeance, a need for reparation but not for retaliation, a need for ubuntu but not for victimization’. Due to its introduction into the Constitution, ubuntu – a philosophy of unity, cooperation, compassion and respect for human dignity, which originated in small African communities – became a source of values for the whole legal system. The goal of the text is to present the ubuntu philosophy and to describe its role in the South African transitional justice process and in selected areas of South African law (criminal law, evictions and defamation). On the whole, South Africa presents a unique case in which both the political transformation and the legal system were strongly shaped by the said philosophical and ethical concepts, which bear close resemblance to the idea of restorative justice.

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SPECULATIONS ON PANENTHEISM IN LITERATURE, SINLESS SINNERS AND DEMONIC GOOD ANGELS IN MIDNIGHT’S CHILDREN AND LORD OF THE FLIES

Author(s): Hacer Gozen,Timuçin Buğra Edman,Olga Karamalak,Sercan Arısoy / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This study applies an interdisciplinary and comparative approach to the selected works through panentheistic philosophy to visualize the abstract expressions and perception of theology and philosophy on panentheism using concrete and representational expressions of the selected novels. In the dystopian work Lord of the Flies by William Golding, this study benefits the limitless opportunities fiction offers to unveil the problem of evil and goes beyond the boundaries of the teachings, experiences and social norms the human world. The dystopian fiction Lord of the Flies, which portrays the inner and subconscious conflict between good and evil within individuals, is scrutinized from a panentheistic perspective to question the existence of evil. Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie, as a genre of magic realism and historiographic metafiction, will enlighten the study to reveal the conflicts between destruction and creation to clarify the problem of evil which is ambiguous from a panenthestic view.

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review at Alan Brill, Rabbi on the Ganges: A Jewish-Hindu Encounter, Lexington Books, 2019.

Author(s): Melanie Barbato / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

review

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Aitareya Upanisad (Studiu introductiv, traducere şi note)

Author(s): Ovidiu Cristian Nedu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2008

Aitareya Upanisad is one of the oldest Upanisads; apart from this, the text is also important due to some doctrinal reasons. In its first part, it consists of a cosmogony, which depicts a classical Indian anthropological conception, namely the similarity between man, viewed as a microcosm, and the Universe, in its entirety. The way man and Universe are created accounts for their structural similarity. Equally important is the third part, which is a classic in Indian literature, frequently quoted as a scriptural proof for the identification of the absolute with consciousness. A part of verse III.1.3, “Consciousness is Brahman”, is considered as one of the great affirmations (mahāvākya) of Hindu philosophy.

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Philosophical Ideas in the Missionary Work of John Eliot

Author(s): Sergii Rudenko,Yaroslav Sobolievskyi / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the intellectual heritage of John Eliot’s missionary activity in order to identify his philosophical ideas. This thinker’s biography and works are well studied by the scientific community, but little attention has been paid to his philosophical ideas. However, it is known that John Eliot was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge, and then became a famous Puritan missionary, preacher, and lexicographer. He was also known as the “Apostle of the Indians.” We used historical– philosophical reconstruction and historical–comparative methods to analyze the early American philosopher’s political and religious works. As a result, we undertook to describe the main works of John Eliot and prove the existence of one of the first examples of the historical acquaintance of representatives of an indigenous population of North America with European philosophy, especially Aristotelianism. Evidence of teaching logic and metaphysics, as well as attempts to translate philosophical concepts and terms from English into the languages of an indigenous population of North America has been discovered.

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Islamska filozofija na Zapadu: kritička analiza recentnih studija

Author(s): Rusmir Šadić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 03/163/2021

The end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century revealed an increase in scientific interest in the problems of Islamic philosophy, especially noticeably in the West, where we encounter new achievements of already established authors, but also valuable works of younger generation scientists, who created an entirely new circle of experts within the field of Islamic philosophy. In this paper, we aim to offer an analysis of the most significant studies of Islamic philosophy during the first two decades of the 21st century, based on pointing out the most important titles, whose content and critics recommend them as paradigmatic. Critical research written in the West at the beginning of the 21st century shows that Islamic philosophy, even in its most recent phase, remains predominantly related to the metaphysical and epistemological problems characteristic of classical Muslim philosophical thought. We take as a frame of reference to present in the task outlined above, among the many authors, the works of Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Peter Adamson, Massimo Campanini, Richard Taylor and Ian Richard Netton.

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CONTEMPORARY REVIVAL OF SPIRITUAL HERITAGE AS A BASIS FOR FAITH IN THE FUTURE

Author(s): Kaspars Kļaviņš / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The pace of globalisation, which by the end of the 19th century had become unstoppable and since then only accelerated, brought people ever more things invoking reaction. This had an effect on public safety, economic welfare, health, longevity and identity. Today, the “East” and the “West” are just theoretical constructs inherited from our past that exist amidst a vibrant mutual exchange of various spiritual teachings, religions, technologies, lifestyle models and even stereotypes.

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An Afro-Communal Ethic for Good Governance

Author(s): Uwaezuoke Precious Obioha / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The underdevelopment of most African states and the attendant poverty and general social disorder that characterize her polity, is a product of failure of leadership. The hydra-headed monster of corruption and tribal politics seem to have a crippling hold on most states in the continent. These ugly narratives have occasioned the need and the increasing clamor and agitations for good governance. However, in order to address the problem of crises of governance in Nigeria for instance, economic, political and constitutional restructuring to true federalism appear to have been proposed as a solution to all of her problems. As helpful as this proposal may be, I argue that something more fundamental and enduring is needed which is an ethic of identity and solidarity grounded in Afro-communitarianism. As an Afro-communal ethic, identity and solidarity cultivates and promotes the virtues of love, care, complementarity, justice, equity, fairness and patriotism in governance practices. Using the Philosophical methods of critical analysis and synthesis of the current realities of most African States, I argue that the above mentioned virtues are lacking in the governance practices of most sub-Saharan African states and that the lack of these virtues has given rise to tribal, ethnic, ineptitude and corrupt politics/leadership.

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Riturile educaționale și inițiatice hinduse. Cazul particular al ritului de trecere Upanayana

Author(s): Hilda Hedvig Varga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

The paper focuses on the topic of educational and adolescence rites in Hinduism, to which the most important rite of this interval of human existence is added: initiation. The educational rites ‒ Vidyārambha (learning of the alphabet), Vedārambha (beginning of Vedic studies) ‒ highlight the time when the individual is at the onset of his growth. The rite of adolescence Keśānta/Godāna (first shaving) represents the celebration of the transformation of the body in this complex process of becoming. Initiation (Upanayana) is, by far, the most intricate rite of passage, which marries the religious sphere with the social and moral one: it opens the gate towards philosophical and theoretical knowledge, it bestows upon the initiated the privilege of moving forward to the next existential stage – that of head of a family (gṛhastha) – through the second birth (dvija), and prepares him for living in a community in which he needs to contribute. Thus, man sets off into the unknown accomplished in every aspect of life, assuming, with responsibility, his active role in the society whose member he is. His becoming ends once the rite of returning home (Samāvartana) is performed, after which the individual is free to rejoin his community, gathering all the fruits and benefits of the knowledge acquired during initiation.

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„Realizacja Dharmy Buddhy w nurcie budownictwa socjalistycznego społeczeństwa”. O początkach drogi do legalizacji pierwszej wspólnoty buddyjskiej w PRL

Author(s): Przemysław Skrzyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2021

The pioneering community of Polish Buddhists called “Zen Circle”, operating in the 1970s, raised well-founded concerns of national public and administrative order bodies. This group, derived mainly from artistic and hippie environments, should be considered one of the most original and radical manifestations of an alternative and contesting culture to the reality of the People’s Republic of Poland. At the same time, the effectiveness of the activities undertaken by the community in the administrative field, led to a precedent situation in which its religious and non-religious activities were legalized. In this article, I reconstruct the administrative efforts made in the first period of community activity (1975–1978), but above all, I analyze the attitudes and motivations of the parties involved in the above-mentioned process: community members, decision-making officials and services responsible for the internal security of the country. Based both on the group’s internal materials and interviews with members, as well as on documents prepared by state bodies, I analyze the process of shaping the identity of the first Polish Buddhists.

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Działalność wspólnoty buddyjskiej „Koło Zen” w latach 1978–1980 w kontekście politycznych i administracyjnych uwarunkowań PRL

Author(s): Przemysław Skrzyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2021

The article attempts to present the beginnings of the first Buddhist community in Poland, the „Zen Circle”, which crystallized and legalized its activity in the conditions of a state with an undemocratic political system. In the chronological aspect, it is a continuation of the content contained in the article entitled The Realization of the Buddha-dharma in the Construction of Socialist Society. On the Beginnings of the Path to the Legalization of the First Buddhist Community in the People’s Republic of Poland, focusing on the period when the painter Andrzej Urbanowicz (1938–2011) was the leader of the community. This text presents and analyzes the further efforts of Buddhists who, under the leadership of Andrzej Janusz Korbel (1946–2015), developed effective forms of religious and popularizing activity, and led to the registration of the community (1980), despite police and administrative repressions that began almost a decade earlier. In the second part of the article, I pre- sent some possible reasons for the decision taken by the Office for Religious Affairs to enter the „Zen Buddhist Community in Poland – Religious Association” into the register of associations. The lack of preserved documentation containing the formal argumentation of this decision prompts us to formule hypotheses that will be discussed in more detail in the doctoral dissertation being prepared.

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Anti-Enclosures and Nomadic Habits: Towards a Commonist Reading of Deleuzoguattarian Nomadology

Author(s): Jędrzej K. Brzeziński / Language(s): English Issue: 46/2023

he paper has several objectives linked to Deleuzoguattarian nomadology. After a brief reconstruction of the concept, it proposes a selective reading oriented towards commonist, autonomist and posthumanist tropes. In this reading, noma-dism is understood above all as a movement of countering or resisting enclosures and sustaining vital relations with broadly understood commons. It also critiques certain tendencies, present in Deleuze and Guattari, which make such reading unobvious: abstraction, deterritorialization and postmodern Nietzscheanism. The second part of the article is an inquiry on habits, still from a Deleuzoguattarian perspec-tive. It contests the traditional story about private property as a condition of the development of good habits and reveals an array of ‘nomadic habits’ outside of sedentary, bourgeois and capitalist models of social reproduction. It argues that such understood habits can be seen as the anthropological basis of commoning.

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Философско-смисловото поле на преводаческо-интерпретативната техника на гъ-и

Author(s): Yana Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The article aims to present the controversy surrounding the geyi's translation and interpretation technique, which was used in the third and fourth centuries in China, commonly translated as "matching concepts", which is the most distinct manifestation of the adaptation of Buddhist concepts to classical Taoist doctrines. For this purpose, its basic philological and philosophical interpretations of the term are presented. Studying the spread and adaptation of Buddhist doctrines in China gives the unique opportunity to balance these two opposing positions. The very specificity of the philosophical sense of the translator and the interpretive technique of the geyi is considered in its aspect as one of the main factors that shaped the features of Chinese Buddhism and its subsequent final detachment from its Indian equivalent. Its use and improvement mark the beginning of the formation of East Asian Buddhism as an essentially new Buddhist doctrinal strand.

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