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Seminaria otwarte w Instytucie Slawistyki PAN
Institute of Slavonic Studies - Scientific meetings 2003/2004
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Institute of Slavonic Studies - Scientific meetings 2003/2004
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On the basis of Old Czech vocabulary, the author presents his conception of lexicological reconstruction and lexicographical description of lexical units in an incompletely documented language. The relevant semantic components ("semes") of a given lexical unit are identified primarily through comparison with more completely attested units across all relevant lexical categories ("lexical subsystems"), which are defined both formally and semantically. The unit under investigation belongs to individual categories by virtue of carrying specific integrative features of those categories.
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The author looks into two main stages of the structural description of a lexical system . finding out the lexical-semantical invariants and partial systems construction. He focuses his attention to the issue of polysemy. He understands the series of synonyms as a partial semi-system.
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Secondary (semantic) nomination could be systematised through defining and typifying the semantic components that motivate and create secondary meanings (names). They are two types - inherent and relational - and play a different role in the two ways of secondary nomination - metaphor and metonym.
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The discussed topic about the early stage of the literary Slovak language forming is being looked into from two different aspects. 1) what is the bottom chronological limit of this history (either Bernolak's literary Slovak - bernolakovčina or Stur's literary Slovak - sturovčina); 2) if there was any literary Slovak language in the Pre-Bernolak period.
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The author presents the basic principles of the concept of the Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language (1991 ). This dictionary presents Slovak language from its pre-literary period starting with the early works as it is preserved in manuscripts as well as in printed Slovak language works and in older Latin documents until the end of the 18th century. Professor V. Blanár was the leading intellectual force behind the creation of this dictionary.
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Theoretical investigations of dialectal lexis as well as its lexicographic processing within the scope of national dictionary of dialects are determined by the presence of differentiating language- geographical factor which is, in this field of research, indispensable phenomenon. The detailed semantic analysis revealed that enantiosemy (internal antonymy) within dialects is more productive and more extended than it is in the case of literary language.
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A lot of nomina officii are presented in the 8th volume of All-Slavonic Atlas, which is prepared by the Polish team. The great differences appear in this type of common nouns in compare with nouns presented in historical sources and in standard Slavonic languages.
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The article presents a thesis that: in case the origin of the authentic Slavonic literary languages in the19th century was motivated by national-identifying function, the origin of the authentic Slavonic languages in the 20th century was motivated first by state-integrating function. This thesis is proved by the origin of standard Macedonian language in the way of disjunction of standard Croatian from standard Serbocroatian as well as contemporary development of Bosnian standard language.
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Hungarian official office procedures which were being formed from the turn of the 12th century also resulted in establishing the office practice of using Hungarian or Hungarianized forms of local names in official Latin documents as official local names even in those areas where there was no Hungarian settlements and where these "official" local names were never used in the local spoken language. These forms of local names in Latin documents are not evidence of the Hungarian character of an ethnic settlement but are only evidence of the mentioned official practice. Information on an ethnic character of a settlement of a particular area within Ugria need to be acquired by more complex linguistic-historical research.
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The influence of the same extraligual factor on the developement of various languages can be differenciated. It depends on the different political and cultural situation, in which the languages are. The author tries to document it by history of standard West Slavonic languages.
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A brief overview of main issues of the ethnomusicological research of Slavic ethnic groups in East-Central Europe is presented. The theoretical issues of such a research are discussed and demonstrated on material of two linguistically and culturally related ethnic groups: Croats in Slovakia, and Slovaks in Slavonia (Croatia).
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Social position of Greek Catholic clergy at the beginning of the 18th century was markedly different from the situation in Roman Catholic Church. Priests were badly paid, theirs edudation was insufficient; all this caused frequent moral offences.
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The author reflects on the very term of "word transference", considering it currently misleading as it induces an impression that in an interaction of two languages the transferee is the active player, while in reality it is the transferor imposing its vocabulary under the strong cultural, economic, or political pressure (both external and internal). The author also reflects on the contemporary ways and methods of transference, on individual language layers and their sensitivity to the foreign language pressures, and consequent language development and language practice of the transferee language.
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The analysis deals with typologically relevant phenomena on phonological level of the Slovak and Belorussian languages. Slovak represents a transient type between extreme vocalic and extreme consonantal types because the proportion of vowels (15) and consonants (27) is relatively balanced. Literary Belorussian belongs to the extreme consonantal type with undeveloped vocalism (6 vowels) and developed consonantism (37 consonants).
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The author based her article on the comparison of Ukrainian and Slovak phrasemes and she distinguishes three different types of them. The first type consists of synonyms and it involves such equivalents, which have the same form as well as the meaning. The second type of equivalents consists of those phrasemes, which have the same meaning but a different form. The third type of phrasemes is such a group of phrasemes that do not have any equivalent in the other language. Their meaning is expressed through description.
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The paper represents contrastive research of meaning structure of verbs with prefixes, which include prefix do- in two genetically related languages from the viewpoint of their lexicographical processing. There is the reference to correspondences, but also to function differences of, formally the same, but semantically different prefix, which are relevant from the standpoint of practical application; there are also presented the possibilities of their equivalences.
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Presented paper is a reaction to publication of specimen volume of Slovar jezika slovenskih protestantskih piscev 16. stoletja compiled by authors M. Meršeová, F. Novak in co-operation with F. Premkova. Vocabulary elaboration of Protestant writers publications, which create the basis of reviewed dictionary, is evaluated from the viewpoint of the author of Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language, since the problems in both dictionaries are, basically, the same. Nevertheless, there are, in conception of both works, individual differencies resulted from special methodological attitude to the given language phenomena. These differencies also reflect the Slovenian dictionary practice.
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