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The author of the present study analyzes the travelogue written by Břetislav Palkovský In the Search of Soviet Civilization (1936) on the background of the birth of Czechoslovak Soviet studies in history (Jan Slavík) as an example of the reception of the Soviet phenomenon limited by its time. Palkovský who later lived in London during the Second World War, is a significant figure of the Czechoslo-vak democratic resistance of Masaryk orientation, follows various spheres of the life of Stalin‘s U.S.S.R. in a critical way, but also with a certain amount of empa-thy and effort to understand. His ignorance of the crimes of Stalinism is given by the lack of information, but his restraint also by the general geopolitical situation in the Europe of that time.
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MARGINÁLIA С. НИКОЛЬСКИЙ: Поэтика зашифрованных мотивов и параллельных семантических полей........................................................................................................ 55 I. POSPÍŠIL: Zemřel rusista, slavista a komparatista Slavomír Wollman ………............ 69 I. POSPÍŠIL: Ruská literatura z pozice charakterologie …………………….………..….73
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The author analyses the phenomenon of a literary legend, taking as an example the figure of Rafał Wojaczek. The author assumes that the legend, understood broadly, is both a social and a cultural phenomenon, shaped by the rules of the art governing the field of modern literature; as well as a discourse depending on other discourses: literary and critical literary. The Author’s reflection is based on three questions: Why is it possible to create a legend in modern literature? How do the published memories shape the image of Wojaczek? Who creates the legend and why?
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The paper presents a process of preparation for conservation and restoration of an artistic herbarium made by Eliza Orzeszkowa, stored in the National Museum of Warsaw. The purpose of the presented interdisciplinary action was thorough recognition of the history, technology of the realization of the artifact and the state of its preservation. Thanks to those actions it was possible to create methods of conservation treatment that were compatible with conservation and restoration ethics.
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The article focuses on a stay of Polish political exiles in the far East, in the Asian side of Russia in the 80’s and the 90’s of the nineteenth century. A life of Edmund Płoski, one of the leaders of the Proletariat party, is given as an example of a life led by the exile. Płoski was sentenced to 16 years of penal servitude in Sakhalin for his political actions. The source basis consists of his previously unpublished memoirs written during his stay at the edge of Russian Empire.
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The main aim of the article is to present Melchior Wańkowicz’s theory of reportage, including related techniques, such as: mosaic-technique, crossing the line between non-fiction and fiction, stylistic aspects. The analysis emphasizes creative self-awareness of the writer, shows the process of forming and putting theory into practice. The article indicates an unbreakable link between theory and the creative process of Melchior Wańkowicz. The paper concludes with a presentation of the critic’s reception of author’s work.
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Structuralism as an area in literary science researches was a main topic at the universities of the First Czechoslovak Republic in the first half of twentieth century. The article focuses on one of the most important members of the Prague linguistics circle, structuralist Jan Mukařovský and his studies about esthetics in spirit of structuralism. He has redefined the concept of esthetic value, norm and function and also made many others elements of coherent science theory. He has worked on the concepts of structure, semantic gesture and individuality in art. Elements of his theory were used by neo- structuralists and nowadays narratologists in the analyses of literary works.
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The aim of this article is commentary on Paweł Żak’s photographic series entitled A Close Acquaintance and, through this, to reveal the essence of photography as a cultural phenomenon. Paweł Żak is an artist, for whom the documentary character of photography is not sufficient. He uses the mirror as a a metaphor to show the game between the person and his mirrored image, as in the case of photographs. All series constitute a parable of an internal dialogue of the human with himself. They constitute a story about both a man in general, and about the artist and his tool, photography.
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Maria Morozowicz-Szczepkowska was a Polish actress and a playwright who wrote mostly in the interwar period of 1918-1939. The main area of her concern consisted of women's issues. Being sensitive to social injustice, she courageously spoke out against the gender roles imposed by society. I also write about the controversial stage interpretations of Szczepkowska, particularly about the idea of the “new woman”, and the then referred to proposals of the pre-war feminist movements. The paper is based on my monographic thesis defended in 2013 at the Faculty of Philology, University of Wroclaw.
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The article attempts to provide a contextual interpretation of a few chosen poems with an erotic tinge writt en by Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński. The biographical and historical context left an extraordinary imprint on the poet’s work. In his erotic lyrics, along with light-hearted, fairy tale like scenery appear, in the course of time, increasingly clear and menacing signs of the horrifying reality of war and Nazi occupation. In this poetry love and death interweave. The poet searches for salvation and recovery of the original world of nature. Nevertheless, he ends up being defeated by the terrifying forces of history.
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The article concerns six movie adaptations of Bohumil Hrabal’s books (Pearls of the deep, Closely observed trains, I’ll sell the house in which I can live no more, Cutting it short, The snowdrop festival, I served the king of England), created by Jiří Menzel. It includes not only short profiles of both the writer and the director and an attempt at describing those two’s relationship while making the movies, but also an analysis of the work’s themes and distinguishing features of their movie versions.
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The article focuses on lexical replacements, derived from the fifteenth-century polish rote sentences, writt en in Kościan (Wielkopolska). The case of this short notes remains unprecedented in the history of Old Polish language – about 370 sentences survive in two wordings: draft and fair copy; partially written and re-written by the same hand. Comparing equivalents from draft s and fair copies, the author shows the nature of these replacements and tries to reconstruct the motives for which they were introduced.
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Marguerite Duras: Fájdalom. Ford. Forgách András. Jelenkor Kiadó, Bp., 2019.
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In the fourth part of this series of papers the authors investigate the way how the Khitan Small Script rendered the dental stops in initial position. They conclude that the main opposition was between the postaspirated and not postaspirated dental stops. n this paper we continue our former investigations on the Khitan Small Script (KSS). To begin, we accept the readings of Chinggeltei, Wu Yingzhe and Jiruhe (2017, herafter CWJ) as they are presented in their recently published three-volume monograph. However, we also include the significant earlier readings and comments on cases where the readings of CWJ are—or may be—problematic. Our procedure is the same as in our earlier papers. First we give examples of the Khitan transcription in KSS of Chinese words (titles, personal names, geographical names). This is followed by Chinese loanwords in Khitan and finally some examples are introduced from the Khitan original lexical stock.
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