"auleta" und es bleibt alles beim Neuen! Zur Konstitution der polnischen Fachneologismen im Bereich der altgriechischen Musik.

Author(s): Grzegorz Pawłowski / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2015

Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.Epistemic properties of a man constitute the base for change. So far little attention has been paid to those properties in semantics. Questions of epistemic factors, which influence the formation of specialised neologisms, have not been posed. The keynote of this article is the attempt to answer this question. To achieve this goal, I attempt to explain such expressions as ‚neo’, ‚epistemic’ and ‚specialised neologism’. Then I proceed with the presentation of the results of the analysis of an interview. The subject of the interview is the Polish neologism ‚auleta’, created by Maciej Kaziński during his work an the translation of John Landes’ Music in Ancient Greece and Rome.

"Ezoteryzm w kulturze Europy" - konferencja na Katolickim Uniwersytecie Lubelskim Jana Pawła II

Author(s): Diana Sobieraj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

"Pedagogija slušanja" vs. "pedagogija slušanja odgojitelja": etnografsko istraživanje o autonomiji djeteta u vrtićima u Crnoj Gori

Author(s): Jovana Marojević,Katarina Todorović,Saša Milić / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 4/2020

The paper discusses the phenomenon of child autonomy from the perspective of educators' personal epistemologies and power relations in the adult-child interaction in the practices of institutional education in Montenegro. The construct of child autonomy is approached from the standpoint of critical-constructivist theory and the self-determination theory, as a socio-cultural product shaped by ethnopedagogies and personal epistemologies of educators. The main goal of the ethnographic study conducted in three preschool educational institutions in Montenegro was to explore the epistemological theories of educators through the analysis of institutional educational practices, given that "the ways of thinking about childhood fuse with institutionalized practices" (Prout & James, 2005, p. 22). We conclude about the existence of an objectivist epistemological theory of educators and the dominance of normative power relations in educator-child interactions, and discuss a special type of epistemological "over-power". The comparability with the results of similar research in the region is stated, and it points to a possible explanatory connection between collectivist culture and the controlling motivational style and authoritarianism in education.

"What are We to Do, and What May We Hope for?" A Semi-Kantian Treatment of the Second and the Third of Kant’s Three Big Questions

Author(s): Fritz Wenisch / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2004

I am not a Kantian. In fact, I consider the outlines of the Kantian system as he developed it in his first Critique as incoherent in several respects. Two of them are: First, as Fichte suggested, the very concept of a thing-in-itself causes an insurmountable problem for Kant; for how can one know that an entity supposedly totally unknown to us is the origin of the chaos of sense perception? Second, there is the well-known related difficulty with respect to causality, a category supposedly applicable only in the realm of phenomena, while at the same time, the non-phenomenal thing-in-itself somehow is to "give rise to" the chaos of sense perceptions. As a minimum, this comes dangerously close to a strictly forbidden transcendent application of causality2. I consider both problems as fatal to the Kantian system. [...]

"СРБИЈА И СВЕТ" - "СРБИЈА У СВЕТУ". ПРЕТПОСТАВКЕ ЗА РАЗГОВОР

Author(s): Anđelka Milić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3-4/2000

The paper has a character of discussion about the thematic definition of the meeting and its conceptual development. Refering to this the author emphasiye three questions: from which epistemological perspective we are approaching to the world and its definition; sociological questioning of different social interest from which we are observing the world around us and defining it and the third, practical-political question of locating ourselves in the world between the West and East.

(Mock-)Thinking about the Same

Author(s): Alberto Voltolini / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

In this paper, I want to address once more the venerable problem of intentional identity, the problem of how different thoughts can be about the same thing even if this thing does not exist. First, I will try to show that antirealist approaches to this problem are doomed to fail. For they ultimately share a problematic assumption, namely that thinking about something involves identifying it. Second, I will claim that once one rejects this assumption and holds instead that thoughts are constituted either by what they are about, their intentional objects, or by what determines their proposition-like intentional contents, one can address the problem of intentional identity in a different way. One can indeed provide a new solution to it that basically relies on two factors: a) what sort of metaphysical nature intentional objects effectively possess, once they are conceived as schematic objects à la Crane (2001, 2013); b) whether such objects really belong to the overall ontological inventory of what there is. According to this solution, two thoughts are about the same nonexistent intentional object iff i) that object satisfies the identity criterion for objects of that metaphysical kind and ii) objects of that kind belong to the overall ontological inventory of what there is, independently of whether they exist (in a suitable first-order sense of existence). As such, this solution is neither realist nor antirealist: only if condition ii) is satisfied, different thoughts can be about the same nonexistent intentionale; otherwise, they are simply constituted by the same intentional content (provided that this content is not equated with that intentionale). Third, armed with this solution, I will hold that one can find a suitable treatment of the specific and related problem of whether different people may mock-think about the same thing, even if there really is no such thing. Finally, I will try to show that this treatment can be also applied to the case in which different thoughts are, according to phenomenology, about the same intentionale and yet this intentionale is of a kind such that there really are no things of that kind. For in this case, such thoughts are about the same intentionale only fictionally.

(Nie)obiektywna podmiotowość

Author(s): Piotr Piotrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 36/2016

In this article, I analyze the issue of subjectivity in the form in which it appears in Charles Taylor’s and Richard Rorty’s writings. Positions of these philosophers are generally regarded as contradictory. I will, however, argued that the position on subjectivity represented by Rorty finds its complementation in Taylor’s concept. To do this, I will show firstly that both Rorty and Taylor use the category of contingency, presenting some common thesis about subjectivity. This way I will show that the location of the category of subjectivity and the scope of its use in each of them concept is closely related to the understanding of objectivity accepted by each of them. This will allow then to reconstruct the concept of subjectivity presented by Taylor and Rorty. Next, in the conclusion, I will present such a summary of those two standpoints, which will include justification of the thesis of their complementarity.

(Re)Viewing Maggie and Tess through the Lens of Standpoint Theory

Author(s): Sardar M. Anwaruddin / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Literary critics admire George Eliot’s touching portrayal of Maggie Tulliver in The Mill on the Floss. Many readers prefer to read Maggie’s character as a reworking of Eliot’s own life. In this article, I compare Maggie with another famous literary heroine, Tess Durbeyfield of Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles. Tess is a ‘low-born’ country girl whose suffering begins as soon as her family discovers that they have noble connections. Both Maggie and Tess go through hardship and humiliation due to their sense of responsibility and commitment to do the best for their families. Looking at these two characters through the lens of feminist standpoint theory, I argue that Maggie and Tess’ social locations, imposed gender-roles, and families’ expectations are among the primary causes of their tragedy. As members of the oppressed (gender) group, their epistemologies to understand the reality and to make sense of their social relationships contradict with those of the dominant group—masculine.

(rec.) Michał Adamczyk. Wiedza – wiara – racjonalność. Jana Franciszka Drewnowskiego program logizującej modernizacji myśli filozoficzno – teologicznej, Towarzystwo Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawła II, Lublin 2015

Author(s): Anna Kozanecka-Dymek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

1930’lar Aydinin Gözünden Devrim İdeolojisi. Şevket Süreyya Aydemir’in Perspektifinden Kemalizm

Author(s): Hayriye Gürbüz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 93/2018

Turkish intellectuals who has survived by taking the “state” as a pivot from Ottoman Empire till the Republic has switched to the questioning of “How does the state continue its existence and how does it modernize itself?” in 1930s from “How is the state established?” and tried to govern the political power with this mission attached themselves. This governance could be occurred by drawing of a dissent intellectualist figure to the political power or with a supportive and favorable manner of political power. Kadro journal which is a pioneer movement of the 1930s and its ideologist Şevket Süreyya chosen to govern political power with supportive manner and interpreted the Kemalism-ideology of revolution from this perspective. However, it is also difficult to say that the revolution ideology of 1930s overlaps directly with Kemalism. Turkish intellectual who is trained at the state, an officer at the government and state-oriented, reveal its own differences even with small nuances. This article focuses on Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, who revealed these small nuances in 1930s with further growing nuances in 1960s. The difference between the 1930s and 1960s is that in the 1960s the reason for existence did not depend on political power. Turkish intellectual, specific to Şevket Süreyya, can exist within the boundaries drawn by political power in the 1930s, was trying to lead both political power and the public in this narrow living area. However, the Turkish intellectuals were critical despite their avoidance of criticism of Kemalism. Şevket Süreyya had critical thoughts despite the limited partnership with political power and his ideology for the revolution did not coincide with Kemalism. The places where this non-overlap is most obvious are the principles of nationalism, populism and etatism.

A Brief History of New Realism

Author(s): Maurizio Ferraris / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

In this paper I try to sketch a brief history of new realism. Starting from nineteenth century idealism, I then move on to discuss twentieth century postmodernism, which, I argue, is the heir of idealism and the theoretical enemy of new realism. Finally, I offer a reconstruction of how and why contemporary new realism came into being and propose a few remarks on its future perspectives.

A conceptual model of assessment of knowledge transfer to consumer

Author(s): Jurgita Raudeliūnienė,Sigitas Davidavičius / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Due to changing needs of knowledge consumers in the context of globalization organizations find it important to search out the way of effective application of the process of knowledge sharing and distribution in their activity in order to create and/or select proper means of communication with consumers on purpose of effective satisfaction of their knowledge needs. In order to address the problems of such nature it is important to assess the process of knowledge transfer and consumer purchase, knowledge needs, knowledge transferred to meet of consumer needs, channels and means of knowledge transfer. Also, to select purposefully channels of communication with consumers and tools of e-marketing that are suitable for satisfaction of consumer needs, i.e. channels and tools that affect self-determination of consumer to take a decision to acquire a product or service of specific organization.

A CONTENT ANALYSIS METHOD - PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES IN PRESS ANALYSIS

Author(s): Radomir Nešković / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2014

The essential aspects of content analysis are epistemological characteristics, a categorical apparatus and a sample. Creating a categorical apparatus, due to its specificity, is a kind of challenge since the researcher’s methodological expertise determines if the utilized framework will be adequate for the subject and the aim of the research. The researcher’s competence comes to the fore, when using a content analysis method, because the objectivity of gained research results depends on the researcher’s capability to create a methodological procedure according to a concrete subject of research. A categorical apparatus can be created on two basic principles. One refers to ”vertical” and the other to “horizontal” structural elements of the subject of research, so the mentioned elements are crossed through various aspects in the tables, depending on the research aim. Basically, a categorical apparatus is considered as adjustment of methods to the aim and the subject of the research. A content analysis method sample is more accessible and it is easier to create it, compared to researches where other methods are used. Given the fact that content analysis aims at communication, the sample should contain a specific number of communication means (magazines, newspapers, news, reports, documents, etc.).

A Contextual Concept of Science

Author(s): Sumei Cheng / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The contextual concept of science regards a scientific theory as a whole simulation for the mechanism of natural world under the given context. It argues that a scientific theory is to understand the reality only in the sense of intentionality in the process of reality simulation, rather than to describe reality in the sense of one-to-one correspondence. This concept of understanding reality is totally different from that of describing reality.Compared with the realist approaches and the anti-realist approach, the contextual approach has the following advantages: (1) it contributes to bridge the communication between the preachers of scientism and the humanists;(2) it has helped to solve the problem of underdetermination faced by scientific realism; (3) it is relatively easy to understand the correction about the concept and theory; (4) it could reflect the true process of science more properly. Therefore, it is a more promising and convincing new perspective to understand science.

A CRITICAL REACTION TO LAINE RANDJÄRV’S HISTORICITY OF EPISTOLARITY FROM AN AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Cyril-Mary P. Olatunji,Mojalefa L. J. Koenane / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This article is partly an original research in that it had initially intended to describe what intellectuality means and involves. However, it is mainly a reaction to Laine Randjärv’s article titled ‘Across the Borders: Unfolding the Personality of Creative Intellectuals Through their Correspondence – the Epistolary Heritage of Tuudur Vettik’ in which Randjärv describes intellectuality as border crossing in a simplistic manner that seems to challenge logical experiences and supports the ‘official doctrine’ of the Cartesian dichotomist dualism. This paper argues to the conclusion and in support of the position of Randjärv’s article that intellectuality is border crossing but goes further to question whether border crossing is ever logically possible in such a simplistic form of mental transposition without the self-portrait making implied by the cosmic harmony of Ubuntu. That is, though intellectuality implies overcoming geographical, theoretical and cultural boundaries, restrictions and prejudices. The process however is never simplistic because, following the principles of Ubuntu, the thinker is how he thinks. Therefore, the theoretical position of a scholar is a reflection of the person of the scholar who theorises. Consequently, this paper argues for a qualified acceptance of Laine Randjärv’s position.

A CRITIQUE OF SUSAN HAACK’S FOUNDHERENTIST THEORY OF EMPIRICAL JUSTIFICATION

Author(s): Olanshile Muideen Adeyanju / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In traditional epistemological discourse, the tripartite theory of knowledge is the conception of knowledge as justified true belief. Each condition of knowledge – belief, truth and justification – has evoked critical discussions among philosopher. However, for its nature of epistemic normativity, justification has evoked more critical reviews and there has been the development of different theories in its regard. Among traditional theories of justification are foundationalism and coherentism. Susan Haack argues that these two are inadequate theories of justification due to some flaws – foundationalism is susceptible to the problem of infinite regress while coherentism is susceptible to circularity problem. She proposes foundherentism, an intermediate theory of justification between foundationalism and coherentism, which she argues addresses the flaws of the traditional theories through an epistemic combination of the relevance of experience for the justification of empirical beliefs as well as pervasive mutual dependence among beliefs. In this paper, I argue that Haack’s foundherentism fails as an adequate theory of justification. The position of this paper is that foundherentism does not pointedly address the problems of regress and circularity, hence it fails on the same ground as foundationalism and coherentism.

A Discriminative Ontology for Future Selves

Author(s): Juraj Odorčák / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The article presents a critique of the commonly held assumption about the practical advantage of endurantism over perdurantism regarding the problem of future-directed self-concern of a person. The future-directed self-concern of a person crucially depends on the possibility of the right differentiation of diverging futures of distinct persons, therefore any theory of persistence that does not entail a special non-branching relation of a person to only their future self seems to be counterintuitive or unrealistic for practical purposes of personal persistence. I argue that this pragmatic rationale about future-directed self-concern is equally challenging for both theories of persistence. Moreover, I indicate, that both of these theories fall and stand on the practical feasibility of hidden ontological presuppositions about specific second-order notions of concerns of persons for their future.

A Few Comments on the Linda Problem

Author(s): Adam Olszewski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

This paper discusses an experiment in cognitive psychology called the Linda problem. Firstly, some natural conditions for the correctness of the interpretation of psychological experiments (such as the Linda problem) are formulated. The article is essentially a critique of the interpretation of the results of the Linda problem experiment provided by Kahneman and Tversky as well as – indirectly – their concept of heuristics. It is shown that the interpretation provided by Kahneman and Tversky does not meet the aforementioned conditions for correctness. The main argument is justified utilizing such rules of rationality as conditional probability and Grice’s conversational maxims. It is also pointed out that this argument can be reformulated in terms of the intuitive system of reasoning.

A Few Remarks on the Scientific Propositions for Human Salvation

Author(s): Evaldas Juozelis / Language(s): English Issue: 99/2019

The paper focuses on the issues of philosophical foundations of science policy theoreticians, experts and educators. These persons eagerly contain human prosperity within a (quasi)scientific agenda. The paper contends that this universal techno-scientific approach is not directly connected with and owes very little to the socio-political arrangements of certain governments or agencies. Therefore, the claim that societal challenges ought to be dealt with scientifically should be separated from the claim that the techno-scientific problem-solving is the only virtuous way to human enhancement. Consequently, the issues of scientific autonomy and representationist and nonrepresentationist paradigms of scientific knowledge are considered and their brief conceptual assessment is proposed.

A formal reconstruction of the notions of belief, utterance and trust

Author(s): Robert Piechowicz / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2020

Problem of epistemic activity and their relationship with language is very well known in philosophy. Undertaking this challenge in this article we shall present some logical constructions apparent in these issues. More precisely we want to describe some difficulties of formal reconstruction of the notion of belief and utterance and try to find broader perspective appointed by notion of trust. To realize this goals article shows how non-formal assumption about doxa affects on its formal construction. Then, logic of utterances—mainly based on Conversational Implicatures theory—and its relation to doxastic systems is discussed and, finally, article shows that more accurate description of these two notions needs broader perspective created by BIT system proposed by Ch-J. Liau.