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Критиката като комуникативен и властови фактор

Author(s): Mariana Pencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Criticism and critical approach combines ideas coming from humanism, enlightenment, philosophy of life. In our contemporary critical thinking is what distinguishes a sane person of ordinary user of information. Quality of life is determined by the quality of thinking, and it is the basis of the quality of questions that we ask. Critical thinking is an important communicative and power factor in many areas of the society, in order reads. The more conscious personality is, the more likely it is to take the right decisions for yourself.

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Измерения на дискурса (Философстването като дискурс, дискурсът като философстване)

Author(s): Hristo Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2012

Philosophy has always been a model and paragon of discursive knowledge.In its essence it is a dialogue of humans with nature, society, the others and with themselves and is characterised by reflexiveness, orderliness,universality and democratism. At present discourse is a dominant procedure not only in linguistics, ethics, social studies, etc., but it is also turning into a prevalent form of social self-control in political and human relations which is a fulfilment of the meaning and purpose of philosophy.

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По повод на Ницше

Author(s): Plamen Antov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

This text is part of a book with fragments to be published. The fragments touch on the figure of Nietzsche, although in a casual, relatively free way, and are mainly selected to characterize “his” themes or biographical plots (including the fragmentary metanarrative itself).

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Natural Consciousness and Absolute Knowledge: the Notion of Philosophy as Established in Hegel’s „The Phenomenology of Spirit“

Author(s): Vyacheslav Korotkikh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This research provides an analysis of the role of ‘natural consciousness’ and ‘absolute knowledge’ in the process of establishing the notion of philosophy in Hegel’s The Phenomenology of Spirit. The author seeks to show that ‘natural consciousness’ does not disappear in the first approaches to The Phenomenology, but rather, it continues to act as the subject of the ‘experience of consciousness’ until the end. The material analysis directly related to the evolution of ‘natural consciousness’ in the first stages of ‘experience’ particularly supports the hypothesis about the philosopher’s work on the book. The results obtained can be seen as a validation of the idea that the usual notions of overcoming ‘natural consciousness’ already in the first ‘experiences of consciousness’ do not correspond to its fundamental role in establishing the notion of philosophy in The Phenomenology of Spirit. It represents not only the starting point of the phenomenological movement but it is also involved in the ‘reversals of consciousness’ at every stage of the ‘experience,’ which is important to take into account for the correct evaluation of the specificity of The Phenomenology of Spirit and the comprehension of the nature of philosophical knowledge as the main result of this Hegelian work.

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Новата парадигма в медицината

Author(s): Julia Vasseva-Dikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

From the antiquity to nowadays the connection between philosophy and medicine is of substantive importance. One of the outstanding figures for medicine as Hippocrates of Kos, named “the father of medicine”, built the fundamental principals of medicine as rational endeavour. The other important figure in late antiquity – Claudius Galenus or Galen of Pergamon –made an important thesis that a good doctor is a philosopher too (work That the Best Physician is also a Philosopher). This work analyses the questions concerning contemporary relationships between philosophy and medicine today. One of the central topics is focused on contemporary criteria for medical theory, research and practice. In the beginning of the 90s, the so-called Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) formulated specific methodological features that medicine has to aspire to. Today, every field of medicine is based on the principles formulated by EBM. This gives grounds for a number of authors to talk about a "new paradigm" in medical science and practice and to base this idea on the EBM movement. The present paper will analyse the discussion of whether EBM is a paradigm according to Kuhn’s idea of a “paradigm shift”, and will critically analyse scientific change situation in the context of modern medicine (scientific and social aspects).

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Interlinguistische und interdiskursive Kontrastivitat am Beispiel der linguistischen Forschung zum Migrationsdiskurs in Polen und in Deutschland

Author(s): Marta Smykała / Language(s): German Issue: 10/2022

The present paper focuses on the desideratum of interlinguistic and interdiscursive contrastivity, delineated by Zofia Bilut-Homplewicz in 2013. Both types of contrastivity are presented with reference to linguistic research on the migration discourse in Poland and Germany. As a starting point, the author outlines interlinguistic and interdiscursive contrastivity. What follows is a comprehensive account of the comparative variables such as ≫migration, migration discourse, linguistic research on migration discourse≪ – each of which is discussed in relation to Poland, Germany or Germanspeaking countries and the Polish and German research. Within the framework of an interdiscursive and interlinguistic comparison, the focus of attention is particularly on the concept of topos and its operationalisation in both research areas.

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Онтологичният избор на философа

Author(s): Ivan Kamburov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2022

The text reveals the approaches of the philosopher as a thinker to be in the being. Two possible paradigms for achieving the absolute as a form of philosophizing are presented. One is related to the school-academic historicalphilosophical approach, and the other is related to metaphysical experience as an act. The thesis is asserted that the metaphysical goal is achievable only as an individual practical experience of transcendence through the action of the thinker conceived as a precedent. The understanding is argued that it is in the metaphysical act that the thinker objectifies philosophical wisdom, not just the love of philosophy.

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Der sichtbare Diskurs. Interdisziplinäre Aspekte der Visualisierung von sprachlichen Daten im Kontext des universitären DaF-Unterrichts

Author(s): Attila Mészáros / Language(s): German Issue: 6/2022

The article deals with the question of how linguistic data obtained through discourse linguistic analyses are communicated outside linguistics. The focus is on the didactics of German as a foreign language, with a special focus on university German teacher training in Slovakia. It will be examined how the more recent disciplines such as discourse linguistics can be effectively integrated into the curriculum beyond classical linguistics. This requires an interdisciplinary perspective, which is offered here through the visualizations. Based on this background, case studies from the German and Slovakian migration discourse of 2015 will be used to show how optimized knowledge can be conveyed using visualizations, even across complex subject areas.

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Епохе́ и редукция във феноменологията на Хусерл

Author(s): Desislav Georgiev,Denitsa Nencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The text outlines some of the main theoretical-methodological procedures in Edmund Husserl's transcendental phenomenology. The first part offers a brief introduction to Husserl's general philosophical project. In the second part, the question of the phenomenological epoché is considered, as a first, negative procedure of the phenomenological reduction. A comparison is also made between the practice of epoché by Husserl and Descartes’ methodical doubt. The third part turns to the different types of reductions and examines the relationship between them.

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Археологическият запис като информация и ентропия

Author(s): Serghey Gherdjikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2022

The archaeological record is information left in artifacts and biofacts from an extinct culture. It is the result of a process of growth of entropy in the site, which destroys the structures of culture. I theorize on archaeological information and archaeological entropy – the missing information about the site. From archaeological record to virtual reconstruction, information is extracted from the entropy of the extinct cultural form/process in the archaeological record. Archaeological entropy is differential and depends on the material, not the culture.

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The neurobiology of curiosity as a lesson for teachers

Author(s): Dragoş Grigorescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The central idea of the present text is to show that in the formation of the students of tomorrow's world, a fundamental role belongs to the idea of curiosity. Scientific knowledge has recently become, thanks to technological development and the increasingly computerized era, a way of life in which the skills to understand and handle the applications and software increasingly present in everyday life have become inherent requirements of a life quality. Therefore, there is a need for education based on scientific knowledge to be much more present in the school curriculum of the students who will form tomorrow's society. Perhaps one of the most effective means by which students benefit from a science education is the systematic stimulation of native curiosity. We show some ethological and neurological foundations of curiosity that we consider sufficient for a reformulation of standard pedagogy.

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斯坦尼斯瓦夫·莱姆作品《泥人十四》中的后人类主义哲学思考

Author(s): Yinhui Mao,Yan Sun / Language(s): Chinese Issue: 2/2022

In the 1990s, posthumanism gained popularity in interdisciplinary research, and its concept of the personification of technology and the “cyborg” offered a wide scope for science fiction. But as early as the 1970s, Polish science fiction novelist Stanisław Lem had already made a manifesto of posthumanism in his work, in which he created Golem XIV, a typical cyborg, and expressed his own views on the relationship between human and technology, human and non-human, etc. through the narration of this artificial intelligence. In his book, he created Golem XIV, the archetypal cyborg. The philosophical ideas of Lem in Golem XIV not only coincide with the present theories of posthumanism in many ways, but also have some insightful thoughts that go far beyond the framework of posthumanist thought and are more forward-looking. This paper includes the history of the development of the discipline of posthumanism, discussion on the content of Lem’s Golem XIV, an in-depth analysis of posthumanist thinking, and Lem’s own unique philosophical views in the hope of providing new ideas for interpreting Lem’s work.

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Политически практики и механизми на влияние върху обществените представи за наука

Author(s): Svetlana Alexandrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The paper focuses on studying public attitudes toward science in Bulgaria and the role of political discourse in shaping public expectations and perceptions. The study's methodology includes an analysis of theoretical concepts and their empirical verification with data from a quantitative Eurobarometer survey (Special Eurobarometer 516) and a discourse analysis of the representation of the scientific sphere in the public debate. The Bulgarian social reality clearly shows a blurring of the role, nature, and participation of science in societal development, the imposition of populist societal expectations towards it, as well as political statements that abuse the reputation of the scientific sphere and its representatives.

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Философия на храненето и идентичност

Author(s): Silvia Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article aims to analyze the relationship between food and identity from an aesthetic and ethical perspective. New media and technology are seen as a tool for constructing and demonstrating identity. Eating practices and the understanding of food in the modern world are explored from the perspective of symbolic meanings. The analysis focuses on the concept of identity in social networks and popular culture. The methodology is textual and visual content analysis in new media. The text distinguishes between the traditional approach to food with a central concept of 'taste' and the new media context where the approach focuses on 'image'. From an ethical point of view, the relationship between the (non)consumption of meat and animal products and the identity that is widely advocated in the modern lifestyle culture is analyzed.

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O ślepocie poznawczej i etycznej i o świeckiej humanistyce naturalnej wywiedzionej z opowiadania „Świat i ślepa dziewczyna” Adolfa Dygasińskiego

Author(s): Kordian Bakuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/2022

Kordian Bakuła’s article deals with chosen problems of ecological humanities. Adolf Dygasiński’s short story has been regarded as a precursor of contemporary trends in the humanities due to the way in which it addresses issues which are alive and topical nowadays: natural cultivation of truth, sensual and direct cognition, coexistence and compassion with nature. According to Bakuła, they constitute the project of the natural secular humanities.

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The Concept of Subjectivity in the Light of Józef Tischner’s Thought

Author(s): Krzysztof Wielecki / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2022

Reverend Józef Tischner was undoubtedly one of the most outstanding Polish philosophers of the second half of the twentieth century. What we owe to this student of Roman Ingarden is the flourishing of phenomenology and the philosophy of dialog not only in our domestic philosophical, but also sociological, psychological, and anthropological thought. His philosophy of drama is an original and very important current, which is enriched not only by the “Queen of the Sciences” but also offers great support to the related sciences, particularly sociological sciences. Within them, subjectivity is an extremely important subject of contemplation. This article is a sketch of the analysis of the benefits that a sociologist, researcher of subjectivity, can derive from reading Józef Tischner’s works.

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Narración y otredad en „Membrana”, de Jorge Carrión

Author(s): Laro Del Río Castañeda,Claudia Sofía Benito Temprano / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 22/2022

Jorge Carrión’s novel Membrana represents itself as a leaflet for the “21st Century Museum”. This intriguing premise produces in the contemporary reader a state of cognitive estrangement, as she needs to contemplate his present as the past. However, Carrión’s repertory of disconcerting strategies does not end here. His narrator is a female artificial intelligence that uses plural pronouns to identify herself (or themselves). Coming to terms with this machine will be the main purpose of the exhibition’s visitor, forced to make sense of an entangled history created by someone with a different sense of time, different ideas about cause-effect relations, and a different understanding of what truth is. This article’s aims is to describe the mechanisms used by Carrión to build the algorithm’s voice while exploring its political and epistemological possibilities.

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Kantowska filozofia transcendentalna. Mariana Massoniusa próba ujęcia krytycyzmu Immanuela Kanta

Author(s): Anna Musioł / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2022

In the article, Anna Musioł, by referring to the assumptions of Marian Massonius’s doctoral dissertation and taking into account the assumptions of his several smaller works, considers Massonius’s approach to the Kantian system of critical philosophy. Analyzing, inter alia, the problem of analytical and synthetic judgments, and a priori synthetic judgments, Musioł addresses the issue of the possibility of pure mathematics. She considers the problem of time and space and analyzes the ways of presenting Kantian antinomies and the theory of cognition developed in the context of idealism and realism as well as the realism of time and space. Additionally, Musioł focuses on the problem of Massonius’s moderate agnosticism and his scientific approach to philosophy. Finally, she proposes an answer to the fundamental question, Why did Massonius, like the early neo-Kantist Liebmann in 1865, challenge a return to Kant (Zurück zu Kant!) and advocate as necessary the development of a critical formula of the a priori forms of the mind?

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Człowiek w obliczu bankructwa kapitalizmu. Zakończenie trylogii „MaddAddam” Margaret Atwood jako posthumanistyczna utopia

Author(s): Kacper Tochowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (21)/2023

In his article, Kacper Tochowicz analyses and interprets the ending of Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam Trilogy. He focuses on the idea of utopia in postapocalyptic literature as a method of negating the systemic assumptions of late capitalism. Taking this context into account, Tochowicz reads the trilogy in the perspective of posthumanist discourse’s search for human and non-human subjectivity. In terms of methodology, Tochowicz’s analysis is based, on the one hand, on the critique of capitalism and, on the other, on the philosophy of posthumanism. Hence, the most important sources of this approach are Fredric Jameson’s reflections of on the place of utopia in the contemporary world and the philosophical theories of Rosi Braidotti and Bruno Latour. Tochowicz’s main goals are, first, to show how Atwood’s novels can be considered as posthumanist utopias, and, to inquire about the role non-human beings in MaddAddam in relation to Homo sapiens. The interpretation’s aim is to describe the mechanisms governing a world in which man no longer occupies a central position.

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Trauma Engraved in Stone. Material Community and the Singularity of a Traumatic Affect in Yusef Komunyakaa’s “Facing It”

Author(s): Michał Kisiel / Language(s): English Issue: 46/2023

The purpose of this article is to trace the behaviour of a traumatic affect based on the reading of Yusef Komunyakaa’s “Facing It,” a poetic ekphrasis of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. Tracing the manners in which war trauma is worked through and acted out by the speaker, this paper discusses how trauma eludes both compensating processes. At the same time, the nonhuman or inhuman features of trauma are analysed alongside the nonhuman agency of the memorial. The intersection of both nonhuman modes of being makes it possible to align the trauma discourses with materialist criticism. In addition, the traumatic experience is discussed through its tactile connotations following Komunyakaa’s poem and Maya Lin’s commentaries to her monument. Touch turns out to be a potent category capable of capturing the dynamics of a traumatic affect and a promising trope on which new ethical modes of being together in trauma might be founded. Hence, the aim of this article is fourfold; it attempts to: (1) analyse how Komunyakaa’s poem, informed by the selected developments in materialist criticism and trauma studies, might illustrate and expand the affect of trauma; (2) deepen our understanding of the intersections of the material and the traumatic; (3) investigate how the speculative reorganisation of human and nonhuman boundaries, inspired by “Facing It,” might help in assessing trauma, which necessarily resides at the edges of subjectivity; and (4) propose how the figure of trauma based on vulnerable and transformative limits might revise our understanding of community and formulate an ethical obligation for the traumatic times we live in.

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