Islamic Hermeneutics and Western Traditions: the epistemological/ontological dispute in hermeneutics

Author(s): Yi Ren Thng / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Hermeneutics and its practice straddles a number of purportedly incompatible dualisms. Ostensibly, contestation about hermeneutics a la Gadamer and Ricoeur, revolve about resolving if an epistemological orientation, or an ontological predilection should take precedence. While this theoretical stranglehold is indubitably important, I argue that this debate masquerades and indeed distract attention away from deeper and more insidious debates about the philosophical nature and even the potential of the social sciences in general. After all, critics of Gadamer's ontological programme have attempted the creation of alternative hermeneutics with epistemological underpinnings to enable distanciation, which in turn renders critical theory that encompasses emancipatory action possible (Ricoeur and Habermas). Others have adopted epistemological foundations in hermeneutics, while dismissing the ontological characterisation of Gadamer’s hermeneutic circle, to discredit the postulation of interpretations as explanatory accounts. Adopting this strategically allows for some to discharge explanatory accounts from being beholden to constraints such as spatial temporal limitation or inherited historical legacies, while rendering yet others the possibilities of genuine intersubjectivity and argumentative diversity that does not ‘come at the cost of enforced agreement’ (Shklar). Despite the importance of these debates, I argue that this is yet another distraction from the notion of hermeneutics as an endeavour of interpretation that necessarily and indeed can incorporate the various binaries as outlined above. To illustrate my arguments, I invoke an original site of hermeneutical contestation, namely theology and its texts. Specifically, I introduce principles of Islamic hermeneutical exercises, and Ibn al-Arabi is adduced to explore modalities of comprehension (Tadhakkur vs Tadabbur, Tafalkur, Ta'aqqul) in relation to divine knowledge entities (Tanzih as compared to Tashbibh). I conclude by sketching the possibilities of a hermeneutical programme that incorporates the above schisms, and hence create more holistic hermeneutical enterprises.

REMEMBERING MAURO FRANCAVIGLIA

Author(s): Marcella Palese,Ekkehart Winterroth / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The relevance and worldwide impact of the scientific work of MauroFrancaviglia is very well known.We want here to recall his ability in communicating science and thus, inparticular, his role as scientific guide for us, since we were his PhDstudents. What was fascinating in being a student of Mauro was hisinterest for science as a whole, for ideas rather than merely computations.

За философския принос на Азаря Поликаров и дискусиите около рецепцията му

Author(s): Yvanka Raynova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In her Editor’s Introduction to the Collected Paper Volume, Raynova presents the different assessments of Polikarov's philosophical contribution in Bulgaria and abroad, as well as his own self-assessment. Hence, she raises a broader question for discussion, namely of how to interpret more completely the legacy of an im-portant thinker and its place in a particular philosophical tradition. In addition to hermeneutic and comparative procedures, Raynova emphasizes the importance of more detailed analyzes of the cultural context and the sociopolitical situation in which the author lived and worked.

Претворяването на Поликаров: дивергентно-конвергентният метод при решаване на психофизичния проблем

Author(s): Drozdstoj Stoyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The psychophysical problem defines the hybrid structure of the shared field of neuroscience and psychopathology. In that field there collide nomothetic and ideographic notions and methods, which imply very often heterogeneous meaning. This paves the ground for the incoherence in the theories of mental life, which vary from extreme and deterministic forms of reductive materialism to incongruent tacit positions of interactionist dualism. By means of Polikarov’s divergent-convergent method we were able to trace the co-evolution of neuroscience and the sciences about mental health, through divergent field of possible solutions in the discourse of the XIX century, to a reduced group of predominant project-solutions based on evidence from neuroscience. This group is comprised of identity theory of mind, applied to more basic mental phenomena, and supervenience theory of mind, applied to complex psychological functions. Those project-decisions were tested empirically by use of innovative paradigm for functional magnetic-resonance imaging of the brain, where brain signal is registered simultaneously with the item responses to psychological diagnostic tools. The results support to a great extent the proposed project-solutions of the psychophysical problem in psychopathology. Our data on conceptual, empirical and meta-empirical level confirm the validity of the heuristic divergent-convergent method for problem solving, by Polikarov on transdisciplinary level.

Аналогията като метод за изграждане на модели в науката

Author(s): Plamen Damyanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Based on Azarya Polykarov’s ideas in the field of methodology of science, the author presents analogy as one of the epistemological methods. The development of analogy is described as a heuristic method of knowledge from antiquity to present with a focus on the fields of natural sciences such as mathematics, mechanics, particle physics and cosmology. Henceforth sre analyzed the possibilities and the limitations of this method for building life-sized models in certain scientific fields, such as atomic physics, classical mechanics, hydrodynamics, quantum mechanics and space physics.

Отношението философия-наука у Лудвиг Витгенщайн: критичният прочит на Александър Кънев

Author(s): Gabriela Kasarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to present the interpretation of the Bulgarian philosopher Alexander Kanev – one of the most serious researchers of Wittgenstein in Bulgaria – on the relationship between philosophy and science in Wittgenstein’s philosophy. A particular emphasis is placed on the problem of the legitimization of philosophy in the context of the growing influence of the sciences. In this connection is posed the question if Wittgenstein's pessimistic vision of the future of philosophy is justified or not and demonstrated how Kanev manages to argue the need for philosophy today and in the future.

Balkanische Rhapsodie: Janko Janev

Author(s): Nina Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to the intense literary and public activities of the Bulgarian philosopher Yanko Yanev in Germany from the mid-1930s and until his death in 1944. Yanev was educated in Germany and defended a doctoral thesis under the supervision of Heinrich Rickert. He is the author of numerous important studies on Nietzsche, Hegel, Goethe, Hölderlin, Novalis, Schopenhauer, etc. The article is focused on Yanev’s metaphysi-cal inquiries, which brought him to perceive a kinship between the Balkans and Germany. The author discusses Yanev’s rejection of the claims regarding the Slavic nature of Balkan people, claims he considered a Russian insinuation. Also commented on is his view that the Balkans is a construct, in the creation of which this Bulgarian thinker invested his romantic attitudes and imagination.

IZMEĐU SAZNANJA I SPOZNAJE - NA MARGINAMA JEDNE SOCIOLOGIJE SPOZNAJE

Author(s): Esad Bajtal / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Review of: Ivan Cvitković "Sociologija spoznaje".

SOLIPSIZAM ISPRIČAN DOSTOJANSTVENO: REFLEKSIJE O ROMANU DERVIŠ I SMRT

Author(s): Keith Doubt / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Malodušnost je riječ u srpskohrvatskom jeziku kojom Henry Cooper u svom predgovoru opisuje temu romana Meše Selimovića Derviš i smrt. Adekvatan prevod te riječi su malodušnost i moralni kukavičluk, ali njena transliteracija – mala ili smanjena duša – dosta pomažu našem shvatanju i značenja riječi i teme romana. Ahmed Nurudin, glavni protagonista, govori o patnji svoje uznemirene duše. Tok duševne boli koju osjeća i njene tragične posljedice u svijetu koji čini njegov život su osnovna priča romana. Čitalac je svjedok raspadanja ljudske duše brzinom koja ostavlja bez daha, sa tragičnim posljedicama. Značenje naratorovog imena je, očito ironično, “svjetlo vjere”.

FILOZOFICKÁ VÝCHODISKA VÝZKUMU TACITNÍ ZNALOSTI: ZNALOST, FIGURATIVNÍ JAZYK A METAFORA

Author(s): Radim Šíp / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Tato kapitola má komplikovanou strukturu a náročný argument i výklad. Museli jsme se v ní vyrovnat s epistemologickými předpoklady, které ještě stále utvářejí pozadí současného vědeckého výzkumu a jeho kritikou se propracovat k částečně odlišnému porozumění znalosti, povaze jazyka a metafory. Jak jsme se zmínili již v úvodu, přesouváme se tímto od východisek rané moderny k východiskům moderny pozdní. Abychom čtenářům usnadnili orientaci a zároveň zvýraznili vývoj argumentu, předkládáme v následujících odstavcích stručné shrnutí celé kapitoly. Teprve poté budou následovat jednotlivé podkapitoly a jejich části, kde poskytneme podrobné analýzy a argumentační síť výkladu.

METAFORA, VTĚLENOST A TACITNÍ UČENÍ

Author(s): James Lawley / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Tato kapitola se zabývá dílčí částí oblasti vtělené kognice – vtělenou metaforou – a zkoumá řadu způsobů, jimiž se metafory vtělují, stejně jako jejich spojitost s tacitním učením.

TACITNÍ ZNALOSTI STUDENTŮ UČITELSTVÍ A UČITELŮ Z VÝZKUMNÉHO POHLEDU: PŘEHLEDOVÁ STUDIE

Author(s): Vlastimil Švec,Eva Minaříková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

V současnosti je zřejmé, že profesionál využívá při řešení praktických problémů nejenom literaturu, ale také své skryté poznání, které vychází z jeho zkušeností i ze spolupráce s kolegy a dalšími odborníky a které či často ani neuvědomuje. Toto poznání je označováno jako tacitní vědění, jehož základem jsou tacitní znalosti. V této kapitole se zaměříme na přístupy ke zkoumání tacitních znalostí studentů učitelství a učitelů. Nejdříve upozorníme na samotný pojem tacitní znalosti a zmíníme některé pokusy o jeho vymezení.

ZÁVĚR

Author(s): Vlastimil Švec / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Monografie je výsledkem teoretického a empirického bádání směřujícího k vyjasnění pojmu tacitní znalosti (a to na kontinuu tacitní – explicitní) a k hledání odpovědi na otázku, jak se studenti učitelství pohybují na tomto kontinuu v průběhu refl exe své učitelské praxe. Je z ní zřejmé, že empirický výzkum bylo možné zahájit až po vyjasnění klíčového pojmu tacitní znalosti. To vyžadovalo hlubší studium nejenom pedagogických a psychologických, ale také fi lozofi ckých pramenů a četné diskuse členů výzkumného týmu – autorů monografi e. Toto teoretické bádání však pokračovalo i v průběhu přípravy, realizace a vyhodnocování výsledků empirických sond. Takto se, mimo jiné, dotvářela první kapitola a současně se zpřesňovala teoretická a metodologická východiska připravovaných výzkumů. Z první kapitoly čerpali autoři empirických kapitol také při analýze dat a jejich interpetaci. Užitečné bylo, že si navzájem četli a připomínkovali texty svých kapitol.

SUMMARY

Author(s): Eva Minaříková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The book focuses on the issue of tacit knowledge, specifically in connection with student teachers. It summarizes the current view of (tacit) knowledge in philosophy, educational science, and research and challenges our understanding of this complex concept. Drawing on this, a series of research studies exploring the tacit dimension of student teachers’ knowledge is presented. These studies tackle various aspects of the tacit dimension of knowledge and together provide a multifaceted view of this concept. The book aims at educational researchers in the field of teacher research as well as teacher educators who are interested in the content and process of creation of student teachers’ tacit knowledge. We hope that the book will be of interest to a wider audience, too, as it discusses broader issues of the philosophy of knowledge and research on knowledge.

SEZNAM ZKRATEK

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

SEZNAM TABULEK A OBRÁZKŮ

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

JMENNÝ REJSTŘÍK

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

VĚCNÝ REJSTŘÍK

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Aklın Etiyolojisinden Epistemolojisine (Batı-Doğu Arasında Aklın Halleri)

Author(s): Yener Özen,Fikret Gülaçtı / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this study is to reveal the historical etiology and epistemology of the mind with its concepts. It helps people to know, judge and determine their own behavior; The mind, which is defined as the ability to distinguish the good from the bad, the right from the wrong, the truth from the lie, makes humans different and superior to other living things. However, it has attracted the attention of people in every period of history and features such as what the mind means, how it emerged and how it works have been investigated. In this context, philosophy, religion, medicine and psychology have been interested in different dimensions of the mind in different periods of history. In order to define mental health, the concepts of mind and health were evaluated one by one, and by looking at the meaning that two parts add to the whole, how the parts form the whole and how the whole differs from the parts are discussed. In the study, first of all, the concepts of normal and abnormal were mentioned, and then the concept of mind was tried to be explained by researching it in the fields of philosophy and religious sciences. In this context, it has been discussed whether we can talk about the normal mind. In addition, after the definition of the mind, the mind in individuals; It was evaluated with the abilities of distinguishing right from wrong, making choices, taking responsibility and taking action. From a philosophical point of view, the mind has dealt with the aspects that exist with human beings and develop and mature as they live. With regard to the mind, religious men have accepted it as a tool that enables people to reach the Creator by evaluating the events going on in the universe. The science of psychology did not deal with the definition and characteristics of the mind, but focused on the treatment of mental illnesses. On the other hand, we think that the developments in modern medicine, especially the effects of many mental-related psychological diseases on the functions of the brain should be investigated. In this study, it is aimed to examine the history of mind and its etymology in the historical process.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Epistemolojik İnançları Ve Öğrenme Yaklaşımları

Author(s): Fikret Gülaçtı,Zeynep Çiftci / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

This research was conducted to examine the relationship between university students' epistemological beliefs and learning approaches. The study group of the research consisted of 174 (131 Female, 43 Male) students studying at the PDR 1st and 2nd grade at Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University in the 2018-2019 academic year. The research is a descriptive study conducted in relational screening model. Personal Information Form, Epistemological Belief Scale and Learning Approaches Scales were used as data collection tools in the research. The research data were subjected to normality tests and analyzes were made according to the results. Data were analyzed with Mann Whitney U Test, Anova, Kruskal Wallis H Test. According to the results of the research, there is no significant difference between the epistemological beliefs of the students and their perceived academic achievement levels, their perceived parental attitudes and the variables of who makes the department choice. There is no significant difference between the learning approaches of the students and the variable who chooses the department. In all sub-dimensions and the total score, the epistemological belief mean score of women is higher than the mean score of men. There is a significant relationship between the students' learning approaches sub-dimension, the deep learning approach and strategic learning scores, and the gender variable. There is a significant difference between the strategic learning approach, which is the sub-dimension of students' learning approach, and the variable of perceived academic success. There is a significant difference between the students' learning approach sub-dimension, the surface learning approach, and their perceived parental attitudes.