Aristoteles Nikomakhos’a Etik: Ahlak Ve Siyaset Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Review of: Aristotle „Nicomachean Ethics“, Translation: Saffet Babür, Bilgesu Yayınları, 2009, İstanbul, 240 p. Review by: Ebru Aydın Çağlıyan
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Review of: Aristotle „Nicomachean Ethics“, Translation: Saffet Babür, Bilgesu Yayınları, 2009, İstanbul, 240 p. Review by: Ebru Aydın Çağlıyan
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We examine how John Paul II’s lifelong work on the issues surrounding family and human life as expressed in Pope Paul VI’s Humanae Vitae (1968) are an exemplification of his principles for cultural renewal as stated in Redemptor Hominis (1979). The triad of principles, the primacy of persons over things, the priority of ethics over technology, and the superiority of spirit over matter provide a set of interlocking principles for discerning the true progress of modern culture. Contrary to the dominant view that artificial contraception represents an opportunity for great progress for women and for society, we argue that the ambivalent character of modern technology as established by Yves René Simon and Clive Staples Lewis points to a large downside of artificial contraception, namely, a real opportunity for the degradation of the marriage bond and the full flourishing of the human person. The substitution of technology as a way to regulate birth for personal choice and habit or virtue inverts the principle of ethics over technology and opens the door for the manipulation of women as predicted by Pope Paul VI which is a clear failure to place the primacy of the person over things. The fundamental error lies in the materialistic philosophy of life which refuses to acknowledge the superiority of spirit over matter. The battle over the issues at the heart of Humane Vitae constitutes a battle over the ultimate meaning of human existence as theistic or anti-theistic, Gospel or anti-Gospel, and thus it will always stand as a “sign of contradiction.”
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the arguments present in Humanae Vitae which found positive resonance in the writings of women adopting the papal teaching on the nature of human sexuality and sexual ethics. According to some women, in particular the new feminists, the logic of the papal teaching concerning contraception contributes to promoting the dignity and rights of women as well as responsible parenthood. In their view, contraception does not contribute to women’s rights. Instead, it rather exacerbates the imbalance between men and women as well as sanctions the man’s irresponsible and hedonistic attitude towards a woman. Using contraception is in a deep sense anti-ecological. It is both disrespectful of the nature of woman’s fertility and destructive of relations within the family. The responsible parenthood defined by the papal teaching and by his commentators (both men and women quoted in the article) means taking responsibility for one’s sexual acts and their possible effects. The analyzed authors claim that by defending the nature of love, the nature of human beings, and the nature of the objective moral order, the encyclical Humanae Vitae defends women by defending their nature against the arbitrariness of men or society.
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The article presents Immanuel Kant’s concept of education for living in a civil society. The author also characterizes the reality which is hidden under the term “civil society.” In addition, the current challenges in the organization of the civil society are presented. On the basis of the analyses, the author reaches three conclusions. First of all, Kant’s concept is extremely valid. According to the author, the thought of Kant inspires to work out solutions to effectively face challenges, which have the stakeholders seeking to build civil society. Second, Kant aptly pointed out that the possibility of building a civil society directly depends on proper upbringing and education of next generations. And thirdly, Kant’s suggestion to create a “catechism of the law,” which would be helpful in shaping the next generations, is worth to take into account in the current debate on the future civil society. The author notes that by modern technological possibilities Kant’s suggestion could be implemented in the form of preparation of specific films, multimedia materials, etc., whose content could shape desirable attitudes in people.
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The aim of the article is to present a juxtaposition of two standpoints, belonging to different branches of broadly understood philosophical reflection: value pluralism, on which the author of the present article has been working for years, and legal holism, put forward by Adam Zienkiewicz in his most recent book. The point of departure for comparing the two positions is their characteristics. Special attention is given to the presuppositions embedded in both standpoints. It is concluded that they not only harmonize, but also complement each other. As a result, value pluralism can be translated to ideas which have purely practical implications, while legal holism gains a strong grounding in ethics.
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The article is devoted to the basics of humanities education (especially Polish studies) in contemporary cultural conditions. The author, recalling the findings of Martha Nussbaum and Chantal Delsol, shows how important it is to rethink the purpose and value of such education, and demonstrates the different ways in which it can be approached. It is also argued that the current way of thinking about humanities education demonstrated by political decision-makers in Poland is closer to the post-totalitarian perception of reality, thoroughly presented in Vaclav Havel’s essays, than to the proposals formulated by the aforementioned intellectuals.
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The article concerns speculative design in the context of bioethics. The author analyzes and interprets projects by designer Alexandra Daisy Ginsberg and Age Haines in relation to modern biotechnologies, future scenarios of medicine and machine ethics.
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Review of: Roman Sapeńko - Francesca Ferrando, Philosophical Posthumanism, London–New York–Oxford–New Delhi–Sydney: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019, ss. 271
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The article points to the dual nature of additivity in children’s entertainment formats taking the form of active and passive in the process of creating, shaping and consuming of content. The study concerns underage show participants and people influencing their decisions and fate in the program show production staff , family, as well as indirectly viewers. The starting point was reflection on the extent to which additivity in this type of show is manifested and what consequences it brings participation of children in entertainment formats, where they are subject to competition on an equal footing with adults? To conduct a thorough analysis of the phenomenon, several research methods were used: audio-visual analysis, case study with in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The study highlights the treatment of minors in product categories, in media organizations, specifically in children’s entertainment formats.
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Necrophilia is one of the most taboo segments of the psychopathological, but also of the legal, categories, whereat issues of acts against the (deceased) human body and its desecration, but also the phenomena of life and death per se, are coming to the fore. This paper seeks to contribute to the evaluation of certain problematic legal and (bio)ethical segments related to necrophilia, primarily by using a case law method, a formal-logical legal method, as well as the method of linguistic interpretation of law, as argumentative aids for the analysis of the criminal law regulation of necrophilia. Also, a bioethical sensibility will be implemented in the aforementioned discourse – the intentional subject attribute of integrative bioethics49, for the purpose of orientation and emphasis of the responsibility towards a person’s life as the fundamental deontological paradigm of certain law procedures.
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The theory of moral reasoning exposes the correlation between thinking and moral behavior as well as the passage of its development through subsequent stages. Adequately to the child’s cognitive development, his or her moral reasoning ability also develops, i.e. the competence to analyze and evaluate events and situations in the context of social rules and norms. In my definition of moral reasoning, I consider it as a conscious and purposeful thought process, by means of which a given individual defines the difference between good and evil in relation to ideas, situations and behaviors of one’s own and other people. The moral reasoning of the individual, which opens up space for educational activities, is a synthesis of personal and environmentally conditioned factors. Fortunately, in the last decades, in Anglo-Saxon environment, but also in Poland with my participation, research with this and many other contexts of moral reasoning has appeared.
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The aim of the analysis is to emphasize the importance of philosophical justifications that underlie the foundations of pedagogical activity that makes a person ready to live in a community. In contemporary culture, the domain of values, of great importance for personal development and social integration, turns out to be the most problematic. It is often left at the junction of what is rational and irrational, although more attention is paid to rationality in everyday life. The dynamically changing socio-cultural context, affecting the educational processes, urges us to look for the principle of legitimacy for the axionormative sphere. One of the proposals of contemporary humanities is to involve the category of myth as a guarantee of preserving of values essential to culture. That’s why the article deal with the problem of the validity of standards of conduct in view of the use of the explicative category of myth. In this way, I would like to appeal for values that are significant in making a person ready to build relationships with others, and which, due to the progressive individualization of social space, can seem unobvious. The article consists of two parts. In the first one I will take up the goal of social education.
More...Odgovornost liječnika i neka pravno-etička pitanja u odnosu liječnik–pacijent sa pedijatrijskog gledišta
In this paper, the authors define Medical law and give an introduction into the subject matter by using the Positive law of the Republic of Croatia. In the second chapter, the authors list the sources of Medical and Health law, especially as they relate to paediatric medicine, thus separating the international and domestic sources of law. Later, they explain the legal descriptions of the founding principles of Medical and Health law. This paper focuses on explaining the legal responsibilities of doctors and other medical practitioners towards other persons, which may occur during their regular practice, or due to errors on their part. The responsibilities are explained in detail in the basic legal divisions; as such, there are criminal, misdemeanour and disciplinary responsibilities on one hand, and civil liability for damages incurred while providing medical services on the other. The legal obligations of all healthcare sector employees are further explained, and the paper also contains an overview of the specific criminal offences from Title XIX of the Criminal Code, titled „Offences Against Human Health”. Later, the authors deal with the rights of patients in the Republic of Croatia and the legal regulations relating to them. The paper focuses on the rights of underage patients, where the legal regulations are explained according to the Family act and the Act on Protecting the Rights of Patients.
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Scientific Conference Contribution Abstract: - "THE „HEALTH IN ALL POLICIES” APPROACH AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION" - "THE PRIVACY OF MEDICAL DATA AND WHY IT IS PROTECTED" - "RESPECTING THE PRINCIPLE IN DUBIO PRO VITA IN DECISION-MAKING REGARDING THE RIGHT TO REIMBURSEMENT OF TREATMENT COSTS"
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Joseph Schumpeter’s theory of democracy as a method of selection of political elites remains one of the most influential, as well as most controversial reference points in contemporary debates concerning democracy. The article argues, however, that Schumpeter tries to create a misleading opposition between his own theory and the classical theory of democracy, the latter of which apparently espoused by utilitarians like Jeremy Bentham and James Mill. Firstly, most of the Schumpeter’s objections to the utilitarian account of democracy miss the mark. Secondly, there are similarities and lines of continuity between the theory of democracy which was espoused by classical utilitarianism and Schumpeter’s own theory. For instance, in classical utilitarianism one can find an evident elitist component which was later further emphasized by Schumpeter as a result of him modelling his account of democratic politics on the (oligopolic) market competition.
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This paper discusses the effect of social structure in the development of cooperative behaviour. We will argue that structural conditions shape the scope of social interactions. Strategic exchanges among the members of society are built in the context of the parameters that are defined by the institutional framework in which social life develops. Cooperation is not the result of natural development, nor does it depend on altruistic behavior; instead, it results both from the configuration of normative mechanisms of control and incentives systems, and from the evolution of moral foundations resulting from learning processes. We will use the Stag Hunt Metaphor to argue about the impact that context may have in determining the scope of human interactions and about the importance of defining moral mechanisms that favour the construction of a stable social order.
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In principle, the theatrical work of the German opera director Peter Konwitschny is determined by his left-wing political beliefs. The study focuses on some of the phenomena of Western (capitalist) society which are constantly subject to criticism in his productions. In addition to rejecting the patriarchal principles of the organisation of society, it is primarily the dependence of modern civilisation on materiality, the consumerist way of life, and the disruption of moral values which ensues from it.
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The object of interest of the study is the concept of slave morality in Nietzsche and the subsequent confrontation of this concept with the concept of Christian morality. The study is based on Nietzsche’s work, predominantly The Antichrist, On the Genealogy of Morality and the manuscript The Will to Power. The main aim is to justify the central thesis that Christian morality is not a type of slave morality. In individual parts of the study it is interpreted how Nietzsche understands the key features of slave morality and Christian morality. In every part, a critical, argumentative approach is taken. For some of these features, it turns out that he unjustly attributes them to Christian morality. Other of these features will show that while their linguistic expressions used by Nietzsche expresses the value of Christian morality, Nietzsche misunderstands them. This is the way the main thesis is justified.
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In medical language, an iatrogenic disease is one that resulted from the treatment of some other disease. About one sixth of the hospital patients in Scandinavia lie there for diseases that they have gotten from the treatment, often at the hospital. This may sound bad, but actually signifies a great improvement: it is only a century ago since the probability of survival if taken to hospital became greater than if not. There are several factors behind this development. Medical practice has improved, with the idea of Ignaz Semmelweiss that medical staff should wash their hands between different operations as a first major breakthrough (it spread quicker among midwifes than among his doctor colleagues). Medical research and theory has taken great steps ahead, dramatically improving the prognoses of formerly lethal diseases. Medical practice and medical theory have moved from being virtually separate fields to close interaction. Medical ethics has given increasing emphasis to the illegitimacy of the doctor putting his own interests before those of the patient. So while there is still a long road to travel in medicine, the road already travelled is impressive. This paper discusses the effects of attempts by international intervention to “cure” domestic conflicts in various countries in what has been described as an age of globalization. Has any progress been made that is comparable to that in medicine? What can we expect? What results do we actually find?
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Lifelong education at JMU RTS is necessery becouse of the constant education of jurnalists and all other personnel of JMU RTS in order to create professionals of intergrity whose work is based on the public interest in accordance with the Media Laws and Code of Ethics, the establishment verification against false news and self-censorship and editorial censorship.
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