Odmetničke države

Author(s): Obrad Savić,Jacques Derrida / Language(s): Serbian

Rogues, published in France under the title Voyous, comprises two major lectures that Derrida delivered in 2002 investigating the foundations of the sovereignty of the nation-state. The term "État voyou" is the French equivalent of "rogue state," and it is this outlaw designation of certain countries by the leading global powers that Derrida rigorously and exhaustively examines.

Bolest modernog doba

Author(s): Charles Taylor / Language(s): Serbian

In this book Taylor observes the conservative-liberal debate in America from an outsider’s position. His concerns are threefold. First, radical individualism has disavowed most moral absolutes, eroded the meaningfulness of life, and resulted in a centripetal self-orientation that denigrates relational connectiveness. Secondly, Taylor is concerned that modern thought has become dominated by a reason that finds the highest good in the economic maximizing of ends. This »instrumental reason« demeans others as mere means to an end, disregards important perspectives that are not integral to the cost/benefit equation, and creates a technological supremacy that may cost us our humanity. Thirdly, Taylor is concerned that institutions have embraced instrumental reason as supreme and creating a power-base that may stand in the way of reform.

Kraj utopije

Author(s): Russell Jacoby / Language(s): Serbian

In The End of Utopia, noted social critic and historian Russell Jacoby takes a sobering look at the future of politics and does not like what he sees. Jacoby points to the abandonment of utopian ideals that once sustained dissent and movements of social change; and he call for writers and critics to reclaim the vision and backbone they are losing.

Sloboda, pluralizam i nacionalizam

Author(s): Enes Kulenović / Language(s): Croatian

Isaiah Berlin nikada nije pokušao izložiti svoju misao kao sustavnu teoriju. Galipeau je ustvrdio kako Berlin nije sustavni mislilac, dok je Michael Walzer upozorio kako sustav jednostavno nije Berlinov stil (Galipeau, 1994, 165). Dva su razloga zbog kojih Berlin nije sebi zadao da sustavno izloži i poveže svoje glavne argumente. Prvo, kao autor bio je zaokupljen različitim temama – poviješću političkih ideja, pitanjem slobodne volje i determinizma, problemom političke slobode, temom nacionalnog i kulturnog identiteta, odnosom prosvjetiteljstva i romantizma, te vrijednosnim pluralizmom – za koje nije smatrao da ih je nužno podvesti pod zajednički nazivnik. S druge strane, nije bio sklon sveobuhvatnim teorijama koje žele objasniti sveukupnu povijest čovječanstva i sve društvene odnose. Za Berlina, takve teorije neizbježno simplificiraju kompleksnost ljudskih motiva i djelovanja, najčešće do te mjere da gube sposobnost valjano ih objasniti. To objašnjava i zašto je Berlin odabrao esej kao idealnu formu prezentiranja vlastitih ideja te stoga nije, osim rane studije o Marxu, nikada napisao knjigu.

Слово о слободи

Author(s): Božidar Grujović / Language(s): Serbian

U istom čamcu

Author(s): Peter Sloterdijk / Language(s): Serbian

Here Sloterdijk analyzes some of the basic concepts of political philosophy. These are: origin of culture, and cultural conflicts in contemporary societies; the status of community, emergence of the people, of nation and nationalism, problem of the masses; question of humanism, etc. Entire analysis is carried out, as the author puts it, from the standpoint of “hyperpolitics”.

Is there any prevalence or conflict between models of legitimation? Developing the »optimum balance between models of legitimation« hypothesis.

Author(s): Fisnik Korenica,Dren Doli / Language(s): English

This paper is aimed at explaining the potential prevalence or conflict that might exist between different forms of legitimacy, in addition to a search for a balance or exclusion of a form of legitimacy for the sake of another. Initially the paper will survey and discus the concept of legitimacy, given its philosophical and sociological but also political meaning. Following that, the paper will then set a range of models of legitimacy that the literature proclaims to exist. In addition to that, we will then endeavor to classify the forms of legitimacy into groups. Accordingly, we will then assess whether there is a potential conflict between one form of legitimacy against another, in addition to the potential prevalence of a form of legitimacy towards another. In the end, we will argue that, there are two basic groups of internal legitimating instruments, first, the input-oriented ones and the output oriented ones, in addition to the international legitimacy. Being based in the latter, we will argue that, in order for the democracy to have a dynamic development, there is a need to find compromise in between models of legitimation, therefore we produce a synchronizing logic for the latter. We will then produce our own hypothesis which says that, the balance between models of legitimation is the best possible consensus that might follow a polity and a political system, while the result would be a modern legitimacy.

A nap árnyékában

Author(s): Zádor Tordai / Language(s): Hungarian

After the communist system has collapsed, the socio-political and economical situation has changed in Central and Eastern Europe. In his essays Zádor Tordai is focusing on the analyses of the socio-political results of the system change in Central and Eastern Europe and its interpretation – from the view of a philosopher.

Balkáni történetek

Author(s): Zádor Tordai / Language(s): Hungarian

States do have their own order, as cities have their own order as well. And all of them have backyards. You put everything in the backyard –according to the common sense, untidy and immoral -what does not fit into the general order, and in particular everything that does not want to fit in that order. In Europe, almost all countries have such backyards. It is true, that they are isolated from each other. But Europe as a whole has also its own backyard, which you can put under the category “the Balkans”.

DEMOKRACJA W OKOWACH TOTARIENTALNOŚCI. WSPÓŁCZESNE OGRANICZENIA IMPLEMENTACJI ZASAD DEMOKRATYCZNYCH

Author(s): Cezary J. Olbromski / Language(s): Polish

Czy dzisiaj – gdy kolejne odsłony totalności mamy już za sobą – zwycięska demokracja nie jest zagrożona? Autor kreśli scenariusz przyszłości zdominowanej przez sprawne i zamknięte systemy zorientowane na ekspansję, dla których e-cywilizacja stanowi nowe środowisko naturalne. Proces ten wymusza redefinicję sfery polityczności, obywatelstwa, lojalności, wreszcie totalności, po to by demokracja nie była instrumentalnie zracjonalizowanym algorytmem skuteczności formalnej – to ona jest teraz dla samej siebie największym zagrożeniem. Autor (…) zmusza czytelnika do zaakceptowania (…) niesłychanie skomplikowanego procesu – załamywania się starego porządku politycznego przy jednoczesnym powstawaniu całkowicie nowego, charakteryzującego się nie tylko nieustalonymi wektorami rozwoju, ale i kreacją nowych struktur o odmiennych od dotychczasowych mechanizmach funkcjonowania. /// z recenzji profesora Romana Bäckera

Equality, So Badly Misunderstood

Author(s): Tibor R. Machan / Language(s): English

The effort to make people equal in various important respects, e.g., wealth, health, education, burdens and advantages of all kinds, is the focus of criticism in this short work. I hold and argue that this effort is misguided, often very harmful and also frequently insidious, a guise for mischief by those who embark on the pursuit. The only valid form of equality pertains to people’s basic human individual rights—all who aren’t crucially incapacitated have these, so they are often called the equal rights of all persons. As regards politics and law this implies that no adult may be treated with special favor or disfavor by the legal authorities, whether in court or via public policy. Since the job of politics is to protect the equal rights of human individuals, everyone is equal under the law. But that’s the end of it, politically. Fairness is not a political good but one that has a role in various social contexts, such as family, teams, clubs, sport, beauty contests, and so forth. And fairness comes into play, other than in these areas, only when people voluntarily join some organization where they expect to be treated as all others who belong. Why so much fuss about equality and fairness? Some of the reasons have to do with the history of politics wherein kings and other rulers were expected to treat their subjects similarly, without favor to some of them and disfavor to others. And there is the tendency to extrapolate from family life, where parents are supposed to be fair to their children. Also, when teachers grade members of their classes, there is an implicit or explicit promise to do so unbiased, without special treatment of any (other than where justified, as when a student suffers from some impediment). But none of these imply or support the policies of egalitarianism. These and related topics comprise the content of this short volume and all egalitarians are invited to reflect on what is discussed here. In the tradition of classical political philosophy, this is not a technical, jargon-laden work, so any citizens can read it and gain food for thought.

Philosophy with Meaning

Author(s): Tibor R. Machan / Language(s): English

In this work I wish to present and defend ‘my’ philosophy or rather the philosophy that I consider sound. In addition, I will also answer a host of questions in the discipline put to me by people over the course of about 8 years as an ‘expert’ on Allexperts.com. The ethics I will be defending is concerned with guiding human living to be successful, to excel as human living in the particular instance of the individual agent. Some minimal general principles will be identified while the highly plural element of right conduct will also be made evident. After I consider ethics, I will turn to politics and explore what kind of communities are best suited for human beings. Such communities may well be highly diverse but arguably, since they are to be places for human beings to live and to flourish, they will have to have certain attributes or constitutive features (constitutions) that are best for people.

Justice globale et Justice transitionnelle

Author(s): Julien Rajaoson / Language(s): French

From the end of the Middle Ages, the philosophy of international relations was dominated by three currents: realism, the law of the people and the criticism of the law of the people. These different approaches are opposed in the way of thinking human nature, legal rules and interstate relations. In order to understand how Rawls' political liberalism views the issue of extreme poverty in the world, let us return to the 1993 Law of the People. There is a conception of global justice that leads to the peaceful coexistence of nations. However, the goal of this research will be to go beyond this approach, because we will see later how perpetual peace is only a prerequisite for a just world. It will be necessary to reach a genuine Kantian ethics of duty, which should be able to respond to global inequalities by justifying the idea of ​​a global redistribution. What we have to question about Rawls is how his conception of duty evolves: to remedy social inequalities in his Theory of Justice of 1971, he takes as a starting point the duty of justice that citizens have with respect to others.

Pismo o toleranciji

Author(s): John Locke,Raul Raunić / Language(s): Croatian

Moralna i politička vrednota tolerancije je središnja sastavnica liberalno demokratske političke kulture. Štoviše, stupanj zastupljenost tolerantnih praksi u javnome životu pouzdani je pokazatelj liberalne i demokratske zrelosti modernih pluralnih društava. Vrlina tolerancije ima različita teorijska utemeljenja i opravdanja. Značenja pojma tolerancije kreću se u širokom luku od pukog modus vivendi u održavanju zajedničkog životu, pa do raznovrsnih i složenih oblika priznanja vrijednosnih posebnosti društvenih skupina i pojedinaca. Jednako tako i tolerantne prakse, ovisno o različitim povijesnim i socijalnim konteksti¬ma te poljima djelovanja poprimaju različite oblike. Na toleranciju se danas pozivamo u privatnim, socijalnim i političkim odnosima.

POSTRENESANS ROSYJSKI. Kierunki i perspektywy rozwoju współczesnej filozofii rosyjskiej na przykładzie koncepcji W. Bibichina i S. Chorużyja

Author(s): Łukasz Leonkiewicz / Language(s): Polish

Odrodzenie myśli teologicznej, które dokonało się w kręgu emigracji rosyjskiej w połowie XX w., sprawiło, że rosyjska – i prawosławna w ogóle – refleksja religijna zaczęła się rozwijać zgodnie z hasłem G. Fłorowskiego – „powrotu do Ojców Kościoła”. Ten ruch w stronę ortodoksyjnej, bizantyjskiej myśli filozoficzno-teologicznej umożliwił prawosławnym myślicielom współczesną recepcję ich bizantyjskich źródeł i odnowienie dyskursu wschodniochrześcijańskiego w jego czystej formie. Wybitnymi reprezentantami tego nurtu są Siergiej Chorużyj i Władimir Bibichin. Pierwszy stworzył – i do dziś rozwija – koncepcję „antropologii synergicznej”. Drugi, konsekwentnie wracając „do źródeł”, uznał, że myślenie odzyska autentyczny kształt tylko wtedy, gdy do myśli współczesnej wróci starożytność. Łukasz Leonkiewicz – doktor filozofii, absolwent Instytutu Filozofii UW oraz Chrześcijańskiej Akademii Teologicznej w Warszawie, filozof i teolog prawosławny. Od 2010 roku wykładowca w Prawosławnym Seminarium Duchownym, nauczyciel filozofii i etyki, od 2015 roku pracownik nieetatowy Instytutu Filozofii UW, diakon w cerkwi św. Jana Klimaka w Warszawie. Autor licznych artykułów i tłumaczeń w czasopismach naukowych i popularnych, dotyczących filozofii rosyjskiej i teologii prawosławnej. Tłumacz z języka rosyjskiego Imperium peryferii B. Kagarlickiego oraz albumu Ikony rosyjskie.

A Conservative Europe: Kramp-Karrenbauer’s Vision of Integration

Author(s): Sebastian Płóciennik / Language(s): English

The future of Europe, according to the chairwoman of the German Christian Democrats, is a free market, no-superstate EU that is able to play a greater role in the world. Her manifesto is not only a reaction to another French offensive in the area of European politics but also an ideological offer of cooperation to potential allies from Northern and Central Europe.

Chadecka Europa: wizja integracji według Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer

Author(s): Sebastian Płóciennik / Language(s): Polish

Przyszłość Europy to wolny rynek, porzucenie idei unijnego „superpaństwa” i odgrywanie większej roli w świecie, jak wynika z manifestu przewodniczącej niemieckiej chadecji. Jest on nie tylko reakcją na kolejną ofensywę Francji w obszarze polityki europejskiej, ale również ideową ofertą współpracy dla potencjalnych sojuszników z Europy Północnej i Środkowej.

Oportunitet stada

Author(s): Viktor Ivančić / Language(s): Croatian

„Nema govora da se ova riječ prepusti psima.“ Riječ koju je Alain Badiou imao na umu pišući prije tridesetak godina svoj Mračni raspad bila je „demokracija“. Francuski filozof smatrao je da je „demokracija“ sroza na na propagandističku odrednicu koja označava puku formu vladavine, parlamentarnu „reprezentaciju“, čiji su osnovni protokol izbori, napominjući da takav sistem ne bi bio priznat kao demokratski ni od strane Rousseaua. Ono što se naziva demokracijom trebalo bi imenovati kao parlamentarizam, precizira Badiou, a poredak utvrđen (i) na toj jezičnoj podvali, onaj „trijumf demokracije“ proglašen u doba urušavanja socijalističkog carstva, ustvari je kapitalo-parlamentarizam. Ovaj „teži tome da postane jedinstveni modus politike“ i da „služi kao politička definicija za čitavo čovječanstvo“, s čime se filozof, eto, „neće nikada moći složiti“.

Vanredno stanje kao normalno

Author(s): Vesna Rakić Vodinelić / Language(s): Serbian

Dela Đorđa Agambena kao da su pisana za doba korone. U svakom slučaju danas su postala neodvojiva od pandemije. Upravo on je opisao i uporno argumentovao ideju i praksu homo sacer, osuđenika rimskog prava, izopštenog iz zajednice (polisa), kao i religijskog okruženja. To je čovek van zakona, bez ijednog prava – sve do gubitka identiteta. Izopštenog je svako mogao da ubije, ne i da ritualno žrtvuje, jer homo sacer ni toga nije bio vredan. Agamben nije samo aludirao na brojne stradalnike tokom ljudske istorije, naročito se baveći ljudima u koncentracionim logorima. Za njega, homo sacer je potencijalno svako od nas, bez obzira na to koliko se naša društva dičila demokratijom.

Ivan Iljin kao Putinov filozof

Author(s): Timothy Snyder / Language(s): Serbian

Rus je pogledao u oči Sotoni, položio Boga na psihoanalitički kauč i shvatio da njegov narod može da spasi svet. Izmučeni Bog je Rusu ispričao priču o sopstvenom neuspehu. U početku beše Reč – nevinost i savršenstvo – i Reč beše Bog. Ali je onda Bog napravio dečačku grešku. Stvorio je svet da bi upotpunio sebe, ali se umesto toga uneredio i od stida se sakrio u mišju rupu. Prvobitni greh nije bio Adamov nego Božji: stvaranje nesavršenog. Došavši na svet, ljudi su doživljavali stvarnost i proživljavali osećanja na način koji se ne može usaglasiti s onim što beše um Božji. Svaka pojedinačna misao ili strast samo su učvršćivale Sotoninu vlast nad svetom.