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O agonie i jego związku z etosem demokratycznym [De l’agoȏn et de son rapport a l’ethos democratique]

Author(s): Sylvain Dzimira / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

The role of the gift in the functioning of societies has a profound political dimension. In his work dedicated to the political philosophy of Mauss’s ideas Sylvain Dzimira argues that there is a link between the gift and the modern democracies. Dzimira analyses how Mauss, through his concise research, gives evidence to a claim that the gift contributes to more community – based and less hierarchy, based societies. In other words, the gift is a source of democracy.

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Idea narodowa a ustrój demokratyczny w publicystyce

Author(s): Dariusz Grzybek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 53/2018

This article analyses political thought of Mieczysław Szerer (1884‑1981), one of the few emitent followers of liberal democracy during interwar period in Poland. Szerer was clever analyst of idea of nationality. In his opinion democracy as a political system has been embeded in nationality as concept, which guarantee social cohesion. However nationality being fundamental concept of modernity have its dark side, as a Skurce of conflicts. In this situation international federation of democratic nations is only remedy to negative effects of democracy. Szerer was also fervent critic of interwar dictatorships, he analysed it as unstable and uneffective political systems. He percived modern society as unstable in deeper meaning, oscilating from democracy to dictatorship. He criticized J.S. Mill’s idea of democracy trough education, maintaining that the deepest source of unstability of modern political systems is contradiction between political equality and economical inequality. Szerer’s political thought is analysed in contecst of his Jewish origin. Although he was manifesty Polish, his identity was in suspicion, this was a silent problem of Szerer’s thought.

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Co władca powinien wiedzieć o władaniu – według egipskich mędrców i Niccolò Machiavellego

Author(s): Paweł Karpiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2017

The paper studies the thought of Ancient Egypt in the context of Niccolò Machiavelli’s work entitled The Prince, which has not yet been examined in the context of political philosophy. The author outlines many similarities between the texts and their authors’ honest and substantive approach to the subject discussed. It seems that through the realistic presentation of selected aspects of power, these works are practical guides for the authorities rather than only postulates regarding the functioning of the state and the ruler. At the same time, the author of the article seeks to stress the value of these works which express the political thought of their time and contain some universal observations.

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O dwóch typach krytyki

Author(s): Stanisław Filipowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

Th e article poses a fundamental question concerning the matter of critical thinking in a culture of late modernity. The question goes as follows – is the idea of a critical insight unmasking illusion and false knowledge of reality still something imaginable and justifi able? How can we round the concept of a critical thinking in a culture bent on criticism, and permanently questioning all authorities (the authority of philosophy and science including). Th e article investigates two opposite traditions – the tradition of searching for “real reality” (extending back to Plato), and the tradition originating in a conception of a communicative rationality. Today, they both do not work – such is a conclusion of the article. Our only recourse, argues the author, can be reaching out for the tradition of hermeneutics.

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The Dismal Science of Post-Marxist Political Theory: Is There a Future in Postindustrial Socialism?

Author(s): Clyde W. Barrow / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Th e fusion of postindustrial social theory with a new left political critique ofclassical Marxism resulted in a distinctly Post-Marxist political theory. Th is distinct politicaltheory emerged during the 1980s, although it was quickly pushed aside by globalizationstudies in the 1990s. Th is paper argues that Post-Marxism is conceptually distinctfrom post-modernism, post-structuralism, and other variants of the New Left withmost fundamental distinction being the idea that Marxian concepts are still necessary, ifnot suffi cient for understanding postindustrial and global capitalism. More specifi cally,theorists such as André Gorz, Jürgen Habermas, Antonio Negri, and Claus Off e, amongothers, have articulated the foundations of this uniquely Post-Marxist political theory byanchoring their economic analysis of postindustrial capitalism in Marx’s Grundrisse ratherthan Capital. Th is conceptual shift has enabled Post-Marxists to construct a theoreticallypowerful analysis of postindustrial capitalism, the new movements, and socialistpolicy that was remarkably prescient, although none of the Post-Marxists has successfullysolved the problem of a contemporary historical subject and political agency.

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Bringing the State Back In, but did it Ever Leave? And Which State?

Author(s): Brainard Guy Peters / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Th is paper assesses the continuing debate about the role of the State in governance.Although the State has been “brought back in” numerous times, there are continuingchanges in the State and in its relationships with society that are important for understandinghow contemporary governance functions. Further, there is no single modelof the contemporary State but substantial variety, again with implications for governing

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Marx, 1917, and Asiatic Societies

Author(s): David McLellan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

Th is article asks whether the 1917 Russian revolution was a revolution againstMarx’s Das Kapital, as Gramsci claimed. Th e answer is that Marx changed his approachto historical development and, from the late 1850s onwards, adopted a multilinear ratherthan a unilinear theory of history. Th is put in question the idea that capitalism was a necessaryprelude to a fully communist society. Th e article fi nishes by asking what a fullycommunist society – one, according to Marx, based on needs rather than wants – mightlook like and the role of technology therein.

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Wierzący, ale niepraktykujący. Neutralność ideologiczna jako alibi naukowości postpolitycznej politologii

Author(s): Tadeusz Klementewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

Th is article illustrates the presumed axiological and ideological neutrality ofmodern Polish politology. Th eoretical cognition in social sciences is set in an ideologicalperspective of various social classes. Political science, similarly to other fi elds in therealm of social sciences, remains under the strict infl uence of the variables of awareness,strongly situated in European culture based on individualism. In terms of meaning, contentand understanding, social sciences are autonomous to a signifi cantly lesser extent.Political science seems to legitimize the current institutional order, which petrifi es thepower of multinational corporations over seemingly independent states, labor, the naturalworld and the individual, as well as the collective mind. Th is is precisely the reason,why a critical, non-partisan and autonomous scientist must be guided by a globallyunderstood sense of rationality in his/her analysis of social problems and developmental tendencies proposed by the neoliberal confi guration of “capitalism without borders”.

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Wyobraźnia teoriopolityczna jako dyrektywa poznawcza

Author(s): Magdalena Ozimek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The thesis of this paper is claim that imagination in political science, and specifically in terms of theory of politics scientifi c research fully an important function,sometimes more important than formal methodology, methodically used provide toresearch sophisticated. Paper contains three parts and conclusions. First part containsrefl ections of the imagination and reassurance of the most important refl ections fromCharles Wright Mills’s Sociological Imagination. In second part I recognize pragmaticaspects of imagination in three forms: current, ideological and scientifi c. In third partI point to benefits of going beyond the rigid framework of methodology, paying attention,that procedure does not satisfy the researchers aspirations, also I defi ne elements,which characterize imagination of political theories.

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Od osobowości autorytarnej do uzasadniania systemu. Elementy teorii krytycznej w psychologicznych koncepcjach wyjaśniających wrogość międzygrupową

Author(s): Paweł Ścigaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The article presents selected aspects of critical theory applied in intergrouphostility research in the mainstream of political psychology. Aims, fi elds of research anddistinct methodology of critical psychology are discussed as a starting point. In the mainpart of the paper, the author considers the problem of authoritarian personality and theidea of stereotypes as false consciousness in the system justifi cation theory, as well as itsinfl uence on the mainstream political psychology research. Th e article ends with a shortrefl ection on the usefulness of critical approach in contemporary political psychology.

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Między porządkami – o transgeniczność wyobraźni politologicznej

Author(s): Małgorzata Kołodziejczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The paper presents the conception of “politological imagination” as a specifi -cal scientifi c tool allowing to search political world in a more eff ective manner. Indicatingpossible errors in the thinking of political categories (it is mistaken to confuse theterm “imagination” and “fantasy” or implement Mills’s sociological imagination theory),the author emphasisies ambiguous nature of that presupposition. Politological imaginationis related to diff erent dimensions of reality: real order of reality and cognitive order,but the main focus will remain on cognitive aspect, not creation of political world. It hasa quasi-heuristic dimension, but it does not implicate a specific research base. It is dependenton the scope of imagination (it includes historicism, dialectics, anthropologicaland critical factors) and its strength (it is related to the researcher’s interference in thesocio-political world).

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Dialektyka polityki i kultury – na przykładzie Zygmunta Baumana

Author(s): Sławomir Czapnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The aim of this article is stress that dialectic thinking is very fertile approach ina political theory research. Zygmunt Bauman’s thought could be perceived as an exampleof usefulness of the dialectics in political research. Text contains three chapters. Firstoutlines Bauman’s dialectical dimension relationships between politics and culture. Secondanalyses politics as some specifi c cultural project. Last chapter is devoted to Polishedition reality show Supernanny. In summary author describes relevance of the ZygmuntBauman’s dialectic in a fi eld of the political theory.

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Kryzys narracji w nowoczesnej polityce Zachodu

Author(s): Janusz Golinowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

Presented article discusses the subject of the modernising practices’ crisis,which arises at the foundations of political order. Th is crisis is systemic – it refersnot only to capitalism and economic management but to their deviation in the form ofneoliberalism that turns out as speculative ground of explanation for mainstream economy.Western economic thought has led in consequence to the virtualization of the economy,which in the virtual trading economy, qualities that do not exist – it generates profitsin the form of money created by the banks in the mechanism of money creation ofdeposits. Th is is probably the greatest evil that now contributes to the crisis of the West.

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Funkcja krytyczna teorii polityki z perspektywy porządków dyskursu

Author(s): Piotr Łukomski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The paper is an analysis of the consequences of accepting the thesis of J.G. Gunnellon concerning the place of the theory of politics in social sciences, in this case understoodas a second-order practice. Such a categorization of the theory of politics, especiallyin the context of the theory of L. Wittgenstein’s language and its developments in socialsciences, allows to create a perspective from which the critical function of theory becomesthe primary function. In the assumptions made here, it is possible to consider the fundamental relationship between understanding political phenomena and the language ofa given political community and, consequently, the possibility of shaping the latter.

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Krytyczna teoria polityki – portret zwielokrotniony

Author(s): Jan P. Hudzik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The article aim is to answer the question, what is the critical theory of politics? The author presents the historical and genealogical conditions of this approach, andrelation to social critical theory – mainly the Habermas concept. Th is is a question abouta theory that denounces the role of discourses – linguistic ways of capturing reality. Whatis the transcendental nature of such a theory, capable to release political subjects fromfeeling helpless and injustice? Answers to these questions are to be included in the portraitsof the two types of critical theoretician of politics – the stabilizer and the exile.

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Niektóre pojęcia i słowa klucze teorii krytycznej

Author(s): Magdalena Mikołajczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The subject of the analysis is the conceptual network used by researchers identified with the critical paradigm or theory. Th e source is provided by glossaries presentingcharacters, problems and controversies. Studies of this type contain a selected set ofterms, reporting defi nitions and hence methods of understanding social phenomena thatare proprietary or – less frequently – agreed within a scientifi c fi eld. Th e analysed materialsprovide an illustration of the interdisciplinary and multi-faceted nature of the criticalapproach. Th ey also show the importance of the attainments of certain authors also as regardscreativity in word formation and the ability to explicate notions and their accompanyingconcepts. Terminologies oft en determine the status of a scientifi c theory. In turn, theconstructs of notions are a confirmation of the correctness of observations and social imagination. Notions themselves, on the other hand, may be compared to leads picked up bysuccessive generations enabling the opening of new gates and the setting of new paths. Th eterm “rhisomatic” referred to texts and discourses by French philosophers (Félix Guattari,Gilles Deleuze) may also illustrate the formation of critical theory. If political sciences wereto use the attainments of critical social sciences to date, it is worthwhile to take a look at thepolitical contexts of the research done to date in this area and the specifi city of the methodological approach, including the construct of conceptual network.

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A neoliberalizmus rendszere és a „társadalom önvédelme”

Author(s): Attila Ágh / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2018

According to Polanyi’s theory, European civilization emerged with the formation of economy and society – specifically the market economy and the “selfdefence of society” - as two separate systems with their own internal organizations. The logic of the market economy dominated since the seventies over society as a whole, but at the end of the 2000s the global fiscal crisis generated the crisis of neoliberalism and reinvigorated the self-defence of society. With the crisis of neoliberalism the Age of Uncertainty has arrived with the emergence of the New World Order that has been described by a large academic literature. In the decline of neoliberalism, as a manifestation of the contradictions of this transition period, neopopulism has been the most characteristic crisis product of the new era.

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Odnajdywanie prostoty w złożoności. Wybrane zastosowania gier 2x2 w badaniach zjawisk politycznych

Author(s): Mateusz Wajzer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The aim of this paper is to explore the use of 2x2 games in the study of political phenomena. Basic theoretical issues are discussed and sample applications presented. The theoretical issues include the Nash equilibrium, Pareto optimality and axioms defining the Nash arbitration scheme. Two categories of examples using 2x2 games in political studies are presented: games with symmetrical payoffs and games with non-symmetrical payoffs. In the former category, the relationships between individual payoffs are the same for both players, while in the latter, they are established separately for each participant of the game. The analyses are based on interaction schemes of the Chicken-and-Stag-Hunt type. Game models applied are strategic in form. The payoffs for players are presented graphically (as polygons) in coordinate systems.The analyses conducted present the undisputed advantages of using game-theory models in political science studies. Firstly, game-theory models reduce the phenomena analyzed to their bare essentials and, hence, help researchers focus on the key aspects of each phenomenon. Secondly, the language of mathematics used in game theory is characterized by outstanding accuracy and intersubjective com- municability. Finally, the application of game theory tools does not require in-depth knowledge of mathematics.

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Using Interactive and Participant Methods: A Postmodern Shift in Political Science Research?

Author(s): Georgeta Ghebrea / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

This paper aims to discuss the main participant and interactive methods and their usefulness for the political science. These methods could provide a profound knowledge of social and political issues. This knowledge is held by different target groups and experts but it becomes accessible to researchers by involving persons belonging to those relevant groups in the scientific research. These methods also produce political, epistemological and ethical mutations. Both researchers and other research participants suffer a process of transformation, not only as levels and content of knowledge but also concerning their political attitudes and behaviours. Thus, science is no longer a neutral, objective and external approach to human beings, an approach accessible only to a restricted category (the researchers). The object of the study- i.e. people who are not necessarily scholars - also participate in the production of scientific knowledge. On the other hand, researchers have no longer the privileged position of those who know more and who remain unobserved observers. Scientific research becomes a mutual learning process. Consequently, participant methods are also democratic, eliminating the unequal distribution of power and authority between the two poles involved in scientific research (researchers and human “subjects”). However, there is a strong challenge to these methods, with both indisputable strengths and weaknesses. We will evaluate these issues through examples of using interactive and participant methods in the social research.

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Još jednom o nazivlju političkog iluzionizma: inauguralni paradoks

Author(s): Gordana Bosanac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/149/2018

The paper presents a more detailed explanation of the notion of inaugural paradox which the author investigated in her works Utopia and Inaugural Paradox and The Name of Utopia. The author considers it to be an essential notion for the (wrong) understanding of the character of socialist systems that collapsed in the processes of transition. Endorsing a more precise definition of the terms communism and socialism, the author attempts to show the unjustified use of these terms for contemporary political systems and regimes that have nothing to do with the notions because they are a total deviation of their meaning and origin. The paper serves to criticize an inadequate treatment of philosophical and other investigation of the realization of so-called socialist systems, and especially the use of the attribute communist for some countries in media. Finally, the author proposes to use the term inauguralism, next to ideology, and turn it into a category for a critical analysis of the so-called “socialist” systems.

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