Организация на дейностите по пожарна безопасност и защита на населението на Спасителния борд на Естония

Author(s): Martin Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The materials for this report were collected after a three-month internship in the Department of Security Science, Emergency Response and Crisis Management at the Estonian Academy of Security Sciences in Tallinn on European program "Erasmus" at the time when I was a student at the Faculty "Fire Safety and Population Protection" of the Academy of the MI. The internship set by both academies – Estonian Academy of Security Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia and the Academy of the Ministry of Interior, Sofia, Bulgaria, included 24-hour shifts in the Central Tallinn Fire Department during March, April and May 2013.

Alkalomadtán

Author(s): Zádor Tordai / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

Amíg értelemmel fel lehet fogni Az emberi jogok köznapi értelme A szegény kis nemzetek panaszai A nemzetállam nem virág Az ideológiák zűrzavara A létező nemzetiszocializmus A gazdasági racionalizmus hiánya Kultúra és erőszak Az európai kultúra színeváltozása A felelősség dilemmái A jóléti Európa krízise A brutalitás nem politika Az idegenek Rendszerváltás és demokrácia A szerb tragédia Elit és demokratizálás A falak leomlása Klerokrácia és Isten országa Európa lehetőségei A modern demokrácia metamorfózisa A demokrácia alakulása Kisebbségek az átalakulásban

PREPORUKE IZ LUNDA O DELOTVORNOM UČEŠU NACIONALNIH MANJINA U JAVNOM ŽIVOTU SA OBJAŠNJENJIMA

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U svojim Helsinškim odlukama donetim jula 1992. godine Organizacija za bezbednost i saradnju u Evropi (OEBS) ustanovila je Visokog komesara za nacionalne manjine kao "instrument za sprečavanje sukoba u najranijoj mogućoj fazi". Ovaj mandat je u velikoj meri nastao kao odgovor na situaciju u bivšoj Jugoslaviji koja bi se, prema nekim strahovanjima, mogla ponoviti bilo gde u Evropi, naročito u državama u procesu tranzicije ka demokratiji i koja je mogla da potkopa obećanja o miru i prosperitetu nagoveštena Pariskom poveljom za novu Evropu koju su šefovi država i vlada usvojili novembra 1990. godine. Gospodin Maks van der Štul (Max van der Stoel) preuzeo je dužnost prvog Visokog komesara OEBS za nacionalne manjine (VKNM) 1. januara 1993. godine. Na osnovu svog ogromnog ličnog iskustva bivšeg člana Parlamenta, ministra inostranih poslova Holandije, stalnog predstavnika pri Ujedinjenim nacijama i dugogodišnjeg zagovornika ljudskih prava, gospodin Van der Štul je usmerio svoju pažnju na mnoge sporove izme đu manjina i centralnih vlasti u Evropi koji su, po njegovom mišljenju, mogli da prerastu u ozbiljnije sukobe. Radeći nenametljivo, diplomatskim sredstvima, Visoki komesar je razvio svoju aktivnost u više od deset zemalja, uključujući Albaniju, Hrvatsku, Estoniju, Ma đarsku, Kazahstan, Kirgiziju, Latviju, Bivšu jugoslovensku republiku Makedoniju, Rumuniju, Slovačku i Ukrajinu. Njegovo delovanje je bilo prevashodno usredsre đeno na situacije vezane za pripadnike nacionalnih/etničkih grupa koji čine većinsko stanovništvo u jednoj, a manjinsko stanovništvo drugoj državi, i na taj način uključuju interese vlasti svake od tih država, predstavljaju imogući izvor me đudržavnih napetosti, pa čak i sukoba. Zaista, takve napetosti predodredile su veći deo evropske istorije. Baveći se suštinom napetosti vezanih za nacionalne manjine VKNM pristupa problemu kao nezavistan, objektivan i kooperativan činilac. Mada delatnost VKNM ne predstavlja nadzorni mehanizam, on koristi me đunarodne standarde koje su prihvatile sve države kao osnovni okvir analize i temelj svojih pojedinačnih preporuka. S tim u vezi, važno je podsetiti se obaveza koje su prihvatile sve države učesnice OEBS, a posebno Dokumenta iz Kopenhagena usvojenog na Konferenciji ljudske dimenzije OEBS 1990. godine koji, u delu IV, razra đuje detaljne standarde vezane za nacionalne manjine. Sve države OEBS tako đe su vezane obavezama Ujedinjenih nacija u domenu ljudskih prava uključuju i manjinska prava, a velika većina država OEBS dodatno je obavezana standardima Saveta Evrope. Tokom više od šest godina žive aktivnosti VKNM je uočio neka stalna pitanja i teme koja su postala predmet njegove pažnje u velikom broju država u kojima deluje. Me đu njima su pitanja obrazovanja manjina i upotrebe manjinskih jezika, posebno kao teme od velikog značaja za očuvanje i razvoj identiteta pripadnika nacionalnih manjina. Kako bi ostvario odgovarajuću i celovitu primenu manjinskih prava na području OEBS, VKNM je zatražio od Fondacije za me đuetničke odnose – nevladine organizacije koja je ustanovljena 1993. godine s ciljem da pruži posebnu pomoć VKNM – da okupi dve grupe me đunarodno priznatih nezavisnih stručnjaka radi izrade dve grupe preporuka: Haških preporuka o pravu nacionalnih manjina na obrazovanje iz 1996. godine i Preporuka iz Osla o jezi čkim pravima nacionalnih manjina iz 1998. godine. Obe grupe preporuka kasnije su poslužile kao okvir prilikom uobličavanja politike i zakonskih tekstova u mnogim zemljama. Tekstovi preporuka prevedeni su na nekoliko jezika i mogu se dobiti od Fondacije za me đuetničke odnose bez naknade. Oblici delotvornog učešća nacionalnih manjina u upravljanju državom predstavljaju treći čest problem koji se javljao u jednom broju slučajeva kojima se bavio VKNM. Kako bi stekao utisak o stavovima i iskustvima država učesnica OEBS o ovom problemu i omogućio državama da razmene svoja iskustva, VKNM i Ured za demokratske institucije i ljudska prava OEBS sazvali su konferenciju svih država OEBS i relevantnih me đunarodnih organizacija, u Lokarnu od 17-20. oktobra 1998. godine, pod nazivom "Upravljanje i učešće – objedinjavanje raznolikosti", čiji je domaćin bila Švajcarska konfederacija. Izjava predsedavajućeg, koja je objavljena na kraju konferencije, sažela je teme sastanka i naznačila kako je poželjno razviti "konkretne aktivnosti koje bi trebalo da uslede, uključujući dalju razradu različitih koncepata i mehanizama dobrog upravljanja sa delotvornim učešćem manjina, koje vodi ka objedinjavanju raznolikosti unutar države". U tom cilju, VKNM je pozvao Fondaciju za me đuetničke odnose da u saradnji s Institutom za ljudska prava i humanitarno pravo Raoul Wallenberg, okupi grupu me đunarodno priznatih, nezavisnih stručnjaka kako bi razradili preporuke i predočili alternative u skladu s odgovarajućim me đunarodnim standardima. Rezultat ove inicijative su Preporuke iz Lunda o delotvornom u češću nacionalnih manjina u javnom životu koje su dobile ime po švedskom gradu u kome je održan poslednji sastanak stručnjaka kada su uobličene Preporuke. Me đu njima su se nalazili pravni stručnjaci za odgovarajuću oblast me đunarodnog prava, politikolozi stručnjaci za pitanja ustavnog poretka i izborne sisteme i sociolozi koji se bave pitanjima manjina. Grupu stručnjaka, kojom je predsedavao profesor Gudmundur Alfredsson, direktor Raoul Wallenberg instituta, sačinjavali su: Profesor Gudmundur Alfredsson (Islan đanin), direktor, Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Lund University, profesor Vernon Bogdanor (Britanac), Profesor javne uprave, Oxford University; profesor Vojin Dimitrijević (Jugosloven), direktor Beogradskog centra za ljudska prava, dr Asbjørn Eide (Norvežanin), viši saradnik, Norwegian Institute of Human Rights; Profesor Yash Ghai (Kenijac), Sir YK Pao, Profesor javnog prava, University of Hong Kong; Profesor Hurst Hannum (Amerikanac), Profesor me đunarodnog prava, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University; Peter Harris (Južna Afrika) Viši saradnik, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance; dr HansJoachim Heintze (Nemac), Director of the Institut für Friedenssicherungsrecht und Humanitäres Völkerrecht, Ruhr-Universität Bochum; profesor Ruth Lapidoth (Izraelac), Profesor me đunarodnog prava i rukovodilac Akademskog komiteta, Institute for Evropean Studies, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; profesor Rein Müllerson (Estonac), šef katedre za me đunarodno pravo, King's College, University of London; dr Sarlotta Pufflerova (Slovakinja), Direktor, Foundation Citizen and Minority/Minority Rights Group; profesor Steven Ratner (Amerikanac), profesor me đunarodnog prava, University of Texas; dr Andrew Reynolds (Britanac), docent na katedri javne uprave, University of Notre Dame; Miquel Strubell (Španac i Britanac), direktor, Institute of Catalan Socio-Linguistics, Generalitat de Catalunya; profesor Markku Suksi (Finac), profesor javnog prava, Åbo Akademi University; profesor Danilo Türk (Slovenac), profesor me đunarodnog prava, Ljubljana University; dr Fernand de Varennes (Kana đanin), viši predavač pravnih nauka i direktor, Asia-Pacific Centre for Human Rights and the Prevention of Ethnic Conflict, Murdoch University; profesor Roman Wieruszewski (Poljak), direktor, Poznan Human Rights Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences. S obzirom da su postojeći standardi manjinskih prava sastavni deo ljudskih prava, početno polazište na konsultacijama stručnjaka bila je pretpostavka da države poštuju sve ostale obaveze iz oblasti ljudskih prava, posebno zabranu diskriminacije. Tako đe se pošlo od pretpostavke da je konačni cilj svih ljudskih prava pun i slobodan razvoj svake pojedinačne ljudske ličnosti pod jednakim uslovima. Sledstveno tome, podrazumeva se da bi gra đansko društvo trebalo da bude otvoreno i pokretljivo i na taj način obuhvatilo sve pojedince, uključujući i pripadnike nacionalnih manjina. Osim toga, kako je cilj dobrog i demokratskog upravljanja da služi potrebama i interesima celog stanovništva, pretpostavlja se da sve vlade nastoje da obezbede što više prilika za moguće učešće onih koji utiču javno na donošenje odluka. Svrha Preporuka iz Lunda, kao i prethodnih iz Haga i Osla, je da ohrabri države i da im pomogne prilikom usvajanja posebnih mera kako bi se ublažile sve napetosti koje se odnose na nacionalne manjine i da na taj način doprinesu osnovnom cilju VKNM na planu sprečavanju sukoba. Preporuke iz Lunda o delotvornom učešću nacionalnih manjina u javnom životu predstavljaju pokušaj da se relativno jednostavnim jezikom razjasni i nadgradi sadržaj manjinskih prava i ostalih standarda, opšteprimenjivih u situacijama kojima se bavi VKNM. Standardi su protumačeni tako kako bi osigurali celovitost svoje primene u otvorenim i demokratskim državama. Preporuke su podeljene u četiri podnaslova koji grupišu dvadeset četiri preporuke – opšta naela, učešće u donošenju odluka, samouprava i načini da se zajemči tako delotvorno učešće u javnom životu. Osnovna konceptualna podela u okviru Preporuka iz Lunda sledi dva pravca – učešće u upravljanju državom kao celinom i samopuravu u odre đenim lokalnim i unutrašnjim pitanjima. Moguća su i poznata različita rešenja. U nekoliko preporuka predložene su odre đene alternative. Sve preporuke bi trebalo tumačiti u skladu sa Opštim načelima iz prvog dela. Detaljnije objašnjenje svake preporuke nalazi se u Objašnjenjima u kojima se izričito ukazuje na odgovarajuće me đunarodne standarde.

THE “PUTIN CONSENSUS”

Author(s): Vyacheslav Glazychev,Modest Kolerov,Leonid Polyakov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The “Putin consensus” Explained (by Vyacheslav Glazychev, pp.9-14) The School of Consensus and the War of the Majority (by Modest Kolerov, pp. 15-20) An Ideological Self-Portrait of the Russian Regime (by Leonid Polyakov, pp. 21-24)

Civil Society and Syrian Refugees in Turkey: a Human Security Perspective

Author(s): Helen Macreath,Utku Güngör,Sevin Gülfer Sağnıç / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Turkey adopted an open door policy soon after the arrival of the first Syrian refugees in spring 2011, which made it easy for them to enter the country. But having fled threats of violence and persecution in their own country, Syrians were quickly faced with new security threats in their host countries, with basic humanitarian needs such as food, shelter, healthcare services, and education being major issues. Despite the establishment of camps by the Turkish government, which numbered 26 by 2016 (Pinna, 2016), which provide multiple services, an estimated 90 percent of the Syrian population are living outside these for various reasons .

Strategie organizacji pozarządowych działających na rzecz rozwoju międzynarodowego. Socjologiczna analiza kontekstu polskiego

Author(s): Jędrzej Witkowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

THE USE OF A BUSINESS MODEL IN DESIGNING AND OPERATIONALIZING PROCESSES

Author(s): Anna Ujwary-Gil,Natalia Potoczek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The operationalization of a business model in particular areas requires the application of appropriate management concepts and methods. One of such concepts is Business Process Management (BPM), founded on an assumption of complex management of an organization aimed at providing value to customers. Simultaneously, designing a process-based organization calls for a proper understanding of the business model of an organization, its key elements and mutual relations appearing in the model. This paper demonstrates the relationships between a business model and process management, as well as the usefulness of the BPM concept in developing a business model.

Zmiany postaw obywatelskich w okresie 1989–2009

Author(s): Jerzy Bartkowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Polityka w życiu Polaków

Author(s): Jerzy Bartkowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Doświadczenia z funkcjonowaniem instytucji budżetu obywatelskiego w małym mieście na przykładzie Budżetu Obywatelskiego Żmigrodu

Author(s): Karol Kalinka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of this work, on the example of the Civic Budget of Żmigród, tries to present the functioning of the institution of the civil budget. The author of the article outlines the legal and theoretical foundations for the functioning of civic institutions in cities, and then goes on to describe the four years of functioning of the civic budget in Żmigród. In the remainder of the paper the author presents the conclusions and shares the experiences of functioning of the budget of the Civic Smuggler pointing to the pros and cons of this institution. Finally, the author briefly summarizes the content discussed earlier.

Budżet partycypacyjny, a zagadnienia odpowiedzialności

Author(s): Michał Zieliński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Legal responsibility is one of the key elements of the legal system, in liberal democracy especially in relation to the authorities. In this article, the author discusses the issue of subjective and objective accountability with regard to the institution of the civic budget, especially when considering mixed public-private mechanism of its creation and implementation, as well as variety of activities that produce legal effects for which responsibility may be incurred.

Inicjatywa lokalna jako alternatywna forma partycypacji obywateli na szczeblu samorządu terytorialnego

Author(s): Maciej Serowaniec / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the last few years the public discourse has been increasingly Turing attention towards the institutions of participatory democracy as a special form of 'dialogue' between the state and its citizens. A more frequent use of the participatory democracy serves not only to promote the participation of citizens in decision-making processes, but also their active involvement in the exercise of public tasks that are attributable to respectiveunits of localauthorities. The aim of the present article is to analyze a local initiative as a relatively new form of cooperation between society and local authorities.

Budżet obywatelski - szanse i zagrożenia związane z jego realizacją, studium przypadku

Author(s): Agnieszka Opalińska,Bogdan Ślusarz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Participatory budgets are an important and necessary tool for building grassroots democracy. Determining ways to meet your own needs and goals by residents is a very effective way to change urban space. A civic budget as a special kind of consultation brings many social benefits but also generates conflicts. Analyzing individual solutions, as well as analyzing specific examples of the implementation of this process, may translate into creating a catalog of good practices. As the example of Chmielna Street shows, the cooperation between project originators and city authorities during the whole process is very important. A civic budget is a tool that can be effectively used to increase social activity and revitalization.

Консултантските услуги в публичния сектор

Author(s): Hristo Sirashki / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The public sector plays an important role in the supply of public services. This paper places an emphasis on the concept that citizens’ everyday activities are accompanied by all sorts of services in the public sector; it encompasses a wide range of problems related to peoples’ lives, their relationships with state and local institutions as well as administrative organs, etc. Consultancy services nowadays have started making a more significant contribution to both the business and the public sector. Therefore, the paper discusses the essence, types and significance of consultancy services.

Usklađivanje nacionalnih propisa Republike Srbije sa propisima EU i učešće javnosti

Author(s): Maja Bobić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The paper analyses the question of public participation in the procedures of harmonization of national legislation of the Republic of Serbia (RS) with the European Union’s (EU). In the first part the importance of public and civil society organizations’ participation is presented. Afterwards general rules and procedures of RS that define the legislative procedure and contain reference to the public access and participation during the preparation and adoption of the regulation or strategic documents are analyzed. In the second part, the norms that regulate the legislative procedures regarding harmonization of the national legislation with the EU legislation are discussed.More specifically, we consider the right and obligations of the law maker with regard the public participation in the legislative process. The basic presumption is that the public participation in the process of harmonization of national legislation with the EU’s is not regulated in a manner that would secure full and regular participation of all relevant stakeholders. It is estimated that non-critical transposition of the EU legal norms into the legal system of the EU, as well as lack of quality public participation in this process, may have certain negative effects regarding the efficiency of harmonization and law implementation. This is especially true where complex regulation is in question that introduces new institutes and elements of the category apparatus that the existing legal system does not know. Therefore the authors propose changes and amendments in the existing procedures that regulate preparing and adoption of law and policies.

Pierwszy Kongres Mniejszości Narodowych Europy (14–16 X 1925)

Author(s): Paweł Samuś / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

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O Sarajevskom otvorenom centru

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Sarajevski otvoreni centar (SOC) zagovara puno poštivanje ljudskih prava i društvenu inkluziju LGBTI osoba i žena. Sarajevski otvoreni centar je nezavisna, feministička organizacija civilnog društva koja teži osnažiti LGBTI (lezbejke, gej, biseksualne, trans* i interspolne) osobe i žene kroz jačanje zajednice i građenje aktivističkog pokreta.

Предреволуционарно и револуционарно стање у Русији (септембар, октобар 1917) – виђење Милоша Московљевића

Author(s): Momčilo Isić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

During his stay in Russia, from September 1917 to the end of 1918, Miloš Moskovljević was able to directly observe and analyse the situation on the eve of the October revolution and the following events until the end of October 1917. He wrote down his observations, reflections and comments in a diary which became an interesting historical source for analysing the events that deeply shocked the world. Being a direct and well-informed eyewitness, Moskovljević described the changes happening almost every day and even every hour in his diary. However, until the end of October, 1917, he “doubted” the revolution victory. He tried to minimize the success of the Bolsheviks emphasizing that they were convinced they “couldn’t do anything by themselves”, and that they would “happily agree to bloc with all socialist parties.” Only when the Bolsheviks managed to disperse the Constituent Assembly on January 5, 1918, Moskovljević was forced to state that “they felt stronger than ever.” That is why he expected their “irreconcilable behaviour at the negotiations in Brest-Litovsk” and thought that “they would never agree to a shameful peace with Germany.” But on January 14, at the Congress of Soviets, Trotsky, who had previously advocated a “holy war,” stated that “if it was necessary to conclude peace, it would be a misfortune, not a crime.” This made Moskovljević realize that separate peace was inevitable.

MUCH-NEEDED FOES

Author(s): Ivan Kuzminović / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

We all have our “natural” foes. My foe is an old woman who throws her garbage bag every day directly from their eighth floor flat onto the street. Hitler’s foes were Jews, Vietnamese were foes of Americans, and Russian foes were Americans. Michelangelo’s foe was Rafaello, David’s was Goliath, and the foe of baby Maggy’s from “The Simpsons” was the other baby with thick eyebrows.

Slovjanska kulturna diplomacija

Author(s): Vojtěch Merunka,Jan van Steenbergen / Language(s): Slavic (Other) Publication Year: 0

This is a chapter of the Interslavic reader which is a collection of working texts for teaching the Interslavic language. / Tuto jest kapitola iz čitateljnika, ktory jest spisok tekstov do učenja medžuslovjanskogo jezyka.