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TRUST IN POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS IN WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES

Author(s): Nataša Golubović,Marija Džunić,Srđan Golubović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

Trust in political institutions is very important for the stability of society and functioning of democracy, that is, for the legitimacy of democratic regime. The question of legitimacy is especially important for the consolidation of new democracies, such as Western Balkan countries. Since trust in political institutions determines citizens’ willingness to comply with the decisions of these institutions, as well as governability of modern society, vicious circle could develop where low level of trust in political institutions impedes their efficient functioning, contributing to further decline of trust. Starting from the importance of trust in political institutions for the normal functioning of society, this paper explores the levels of trust in these institutions over time in Western Balkan countries, in order to establish whether existing levels of trust could represent an obstacle to governance and further consolidation of democracy.

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Economic and social security – defining factor of sovereignty. A case study - Romania

Author(s): Cornel-Traian Scurt,Ioan Semeniuc / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2015

Sovereignty in terms of international relations suffered profound modifications in globalization era, but still remain the central element of international rule of law. The principle’s level of manifestation is being influenced by the more and more acute interdependencies, being influenced by an important series of factors. National security and national sovereignty represents the fundamental of the international relations morality and are in close interdependency. Economic security as essential factor of national security, which provides the resources and the dynamic balance of the others components, requires creating a social model, as a liaison element between economy and social systems. The correspondence between needs and possibilities subordinates themselves to the respect of human rights and relies on economic development and social cohesion. The economic security, in the core, aims to assure the conditions for maintaining the economic activities operating within normal parameters and the deterrence of the different types of attacks, the most important of them being the financial frauds, strategic dependence, cyber criminality, industrial espionage, corruption and underground economy.

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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EUROPEAN MEDIATION

Author(s): Raffaele Aveta / Language(s): English Issue: 1 (30)/2016

The EU directive 2008/52/EC has represented for many European countries the occasion to introduce a consistent discipline of the civil and commercial mediation. This regulatory vigour deserves an appropriate deepening, since it represents an outline of the regulatory pluralism which is possible to draw from, in order to renew the community model in regard to mediation matters. The unique distinctions existing among the member states constitute, indeed, the “living base” to identify the best practices operative at a state level. In particular, the purpose of the essay is to focus the attention to the Romanian, Spanish, Italian and Irish legislations which show peculiar elements and give efficient regulatory schemes, especially when the model proposed at a national level presents itself as independent and original compared with the not always valiant choices enacted at a European stage.

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PARALLELS BETWEEN THE REVOLUTIONARY LIBERALISMS OF THOMAS PAINE AND MAHATMA JOTIRAO PHULE

Author(s): Arati Rohan Khatu / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2015

Thomas Paine (1737-1809) and Mahatma Jotirao Phule (1828-1890) were both revolutionary thinkers in their respective times and geographical spaces, concerned about radically altering the unjust foundations on which their respective societies were based. Their thought revolved around creating a just socio-political order that would ensure liberty and safeguard the rights of people. Phule’s contemplation of the degeneration of the Indian society brought him to identify the cause of discrimination. Paine’s ideas in his Rights of Man proved to be an inspiration that enabled Phule to articulate the dissent against the varna-caste hierarchy propagated by the ideology of Brahminism in the modern terminology of rights. Paine reminded the people in the western world of the need for keeping the spirit of revolution alive by being vigilant about rights. Phule’s legacy in India is his scathing attack of the ancient and haloed systems of social organization that actually undermined the rights of people

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Personalizace volebních systémů v České republice. Možnosti a limity metody J. Careyho a M. Shugarta

Author(s): Marcela Voženílková,Jakub Šedo / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2016

More than 20-years electoral system reform’s discussions were focused on solving problems that create the national governments in the Czech Republic. But currently it appears that electoral reform deals primarily with dissatisfaction of citizens with the state of democracy (as a part of democratic culture). Citizens and politicians believe that strengthening elements of personalization in electoral mechanism settings will lead to a greater focus on individual candidates and therefore politics, they represent establish a stronger relationship between the candidates (MPs) and voters and increasing personal accountability of those who are selected, a positive contribution to (re)building of the Czech democracy. The question of this study is how to evaluate electoral systems and the ratio of its personalization? Are discussed electoral reform proposals more personalized than the current voting system in the Czech Republic? In that context the paper highlights the deficiency of most cited and most widely used classification of electoral systems personalization based on the article The Incentives to Cultivate Personal Vote by Carey and Shugart (1995). The results show that the classification suffers from still unclear possibilities of coding the variables and impracticability of coding special features of existing systems. Nevertheless we can state that all the analyzed proposals are more personalized than the current electoral system accept of the Greek variant.

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Tiesioginiai merų rinkimai Lietuvoje: užtrukę debatai ir šviežia patirtis

Author(s): Liudas Mažylis,VAIDA LEŠČAUSKAITĖ / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 17/2015

Remiantis naujojo institucionalizmo teorine prieiga, rekonstruojant politikos ir, iš dalies, žiniasklaidos diskursus, apžvelgiamos ir analizuojamos politinės diskusijos dėl tiesioginių mero rinkimų. Apimamas laikotarpis nuo idėjos užuomazgos 1993–1994 m. iki jos įgyvendinimo 2014 m. priėmus tai reglamentuojančius įstatymus ir 2015 m. įvykus pirmiesiems rinkimams. Pateikiama teisės aktų raidos analizė, faktinių rinkimų rezultatų analizė. Apžvelgiamos pirmosios patirtys bei numanomos implikacijos tolesnei savivaldos raidai. This paper employs theoretical approaches of new institutionalism and reconstruction of political and media discourses in order to analyse political discussions regarding the idea of directly elected mayors. The timeframe of analysis is broad – from the very beginnings of this idea, back in 1993–1994, to its implementation in 2014 (when laws regarding direct elections of mayors were passed) and 2015 (when the first direct mayoral elections were held). The paper contains analysis of changes in the legal system, and also analyses the factual results of the election. First experiences are recorded and guesses are made about the possible outcomes this change might bring to the further development of the local government.

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Klasyczna i partycypacyjna ocena technologii

Author(s): Piotr Stankiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2015

The article discusses selected aspects concerning Technology Assessment (TA) as an institutionalised way of supporting public policy in the area of technology governance. In the last forty years numerous approaches, concepts, perspectives and practices have been developed and resulted in many research projects conducted in various institutional settings. This vast experience and richness of TA solutions allows an attempt to summarise and critically present its evolution from classical model to more recent approaches based on participation, stake‑holder involvement, public dialogue and good governance. The article begins with a brief overview of the history of TA development in the USA and Europe. In the next part a comparison between the classical and participatory model of TA is presented. Main focus is placed on various types of participatory ap‑ proach and its use in different settings like technology conflicts and innovation management.

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PARLIAMENTARY IMMUNITY – FORM OF PROTECTION AND CARE FOR LAWMAKERS

Author(s): Razvan Viorescu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

Parliamentary immunity is intended to protect and care for lawmakers in contradiction with parliamentary responsibility. The idea assumes to ensure the necessary Parliament conditions during his mandate, he should enjoy social protection. Narrowly, it may be included in the safeguards of the mandate parliamentary immunities. This paper seeks to materialize under the normative frame, this concept from which the parliament benefits. Parliamentary immunity is an institution that cares for both the constitutional law ("the Statute of Deputies and Senators”) and for parliamentary law (principally aspects of immunity, including elements of the case resulting from the regulations of the two rooms). When Romania joined the European Union and has representatives in the European Parliament, parliamentary immunity is necessary in the context of constitutional law compared, at European level.

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About Security, Democratic Consolidation and Good Governance. Romania within European Context

Author(s): George Poede / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

More than a decade has passed since the tragic events that took place in America in the dramatic day of September 9th 2001. For the first time since the end of the second World War, the United States were being attacked on their own territory, without prior notice, by a non-state military force which was globally organised, for religious and ideological reasons. The terrorist attacks planned and executed by the terrorist organisation Al-Qaeda on American military and civilian targets have reconfigured the international security environment. The author remarks that the security of the European continent is inextricably linked to what happens outside its external borders. Transnational organized crime, illegal human trafficking, illegal migration, traffic of drug, weapons, ammunition and portable vectors, the proliferation of illegal trade of radioactive and other "sensible" technologies, the expansion of terrorist networks – they all represent threats to the Eastern border of Romania and concern the security of the EU Eastern neighbourhood.

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Despre personalizarea și prezidențializarea politicii în România

Author(s): Gabriela Tănăsescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 185/3/2015

The paper aims to examine the measure in which the process of politics personalization impacted the presidentialization of power in Romania after 1989. The general assumed thesis is that the personalization of politics, along with the style of political leadership, is the basic characteristic of intra-executive presidentialization in Romania. As such, the analysis of the main aspects of the politics personalization in post-communist Romania is preceded by some remarks on the categories of politics personalization and presidentialization.

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Around the Bloc: Groysman Approved as Ukraine’s New Prime Minister

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Around the Bloc: Groysman Approved as Ukraine’s New Prime Minister

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 04/19/2016

Poroshenko’s ally was chosen to replace his unpopular predecessor in hopes of overcoming the long-lasting government crisis.

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POUR EN FINIR AVEC LA GOUVERNANCE: REPRÉSENTATION(S) DU MULTIPLE

Author(s): Pierre Vercauteren / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2016

Le monde contemporain est témoin d’une évolution du processus de gouvernance dont trois idées permettent d’en appréhender l’ampleur des changements aux niveaux local, national, régional et international : (1) La gouvernance multi-acteurs : l’importance croissante des acteurs non-étatiques (ONG, réseaux scientifiques, entreprises privées, organisations internationales, etc.); (2) La gouvernance multipolaire : la multiplication, la complexité croissante et le changement de nature des mécanismes institutionnels (élaboration et mise en œuvre de normes); (3) La gouvernance multi-niveaux : l’interdépendance croissante des processus de gouvernance à différents niveaux, tant dans la dimension horizontale –articulation entre les différents régimes internationaux – que verticale-articulation de l’action politique du multilatéral au local en passant par le régional et le national (Marks 1993).

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LA QUALITÉ DU DROIT SAISIE PAR LA GOUVERNANCE, OU LA « GOUVERNANCE RÉGLEMENTAIRE » DE L’OCDE

Author(s): Cédric Groulier / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2016

The OECD has been leading work about regulation quality for more than twenty years. Progressively adopting a normative approach, it aims to improve “regulatory policies” conducted by its member States. In this way, the OECD published several reports and used various soft law instruments. Its objective is to lead national “regulatory policies” to an optimal standard of “regulatory governance”. But this reference to governance tends to submit law making to an economic and managerial rationality, and turn it into a standardized and globalized process.

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State and Religion: Problems of Interaction

Author(s): Zhan T. Toshchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The article analyzes the modern forms of relations between the state and religion: a theocracy, a state religion, confessional structure, political nondenominational state resurgent religious influence on government. Particular attention is paid to the ways and methods of solving the state-religious issues (the war between and within religious conflicts, overcoming discord in the interpretation of the canons and dogmas, flirting with clerics). The analysis is based on a broad historical context. Finally, it analyzes the reality of the interaction between religion and political power in modern Russia and the reaction of the population to these relationships.

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The Living Memory of Gaullism

Author(s): Michel Anfrol,Ákos Bence Gát / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2016

The seat of the Charles de Gaulle Foundation is located in a building which in times past served as headquarters for the RPF, the party created by General de Gaulle. The General’s office with its original furnishing is open to visitors in Paris’s rue de Solférino. But the memory of France’s liberator in World War II who later became the first President of the Fifth Republic is kept alive not only by those premi-ses. On a recent visit to Paris I had the chance to meet Michel Anfrol, President of the Friends of the Charles de Gaulle Foundation, considered by many as “the living memory of Gaullism”. The former journalist, radio and TV presenter knew Charles de Gaulle personally. The stories he relates fascinate not only people interested in history and politics, but also those wishing to discover relationships between past and present. Michel Anfrol came to Hungary to participate at the international de Gaulle conference organised by Századvég Foundation, the Ministry of Justice and the National University of Public Service on 3 March 2016 and I made use of the occasion to interview him.

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Speaking of "Eastern Europe"

Author(s): John Harmon McElroy / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2016

Referring to nations in Central Europe as “Eastern Europe” served various interests. Otherwise the falsehood would not have been so often repeated for so many decades in such disparate contexts. Categorising Poland, Hungary, the former Czechoslovakia and a large segment of Germany as “Eastern Europe” became so embedded in Western perception in 1945–1991 that it is still encountered in the speech and writings of Westerners. These misrepresentations, though less common today, now that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union have ceased to exist, demonstrate the longterm effects of propaganda when it is clear, simple and undeviatingly ad-hered to for decades. After awhile, the perception a propaganda campaign is designed to produce can take on a life of its own and create an alternative “reality”, which will persist long after the purpose that gave rise to the propaganda no longer exists.

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The Harper Government, the Aboriginal Right to Self-Determination, and the Indian Act of 1876

Author(s): Kristýna Onderková / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2015

A debate on the reform of the frequently criticized Indian Act of 1876 – the basic law governing the rights and responsibilities of First Nations and their special status within Canada – is getting more intense with the ongoing socio-economic problems of Aboriginal peoples. Whereas the federal government emphasizes self-sufficiency and financial responsibility, First Nations require the assertion of their constitutional rights to self-determination and self-government in any future reform. This paper examines various proposals to reform the Indian Act and their potential effect on the status of First Nations. In particular, it focuses on Aboriginal policy stances of the Harper Government and the First Nations’ reaction to the federal government’s approach. The author concludes by arguing that any effort to change the current situation will run into problems because of the discrepancy of ideas on how to implement the reform of the Indian Act and how to enforce the right to self-determination.

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The Executive Branch: The Government (2) - Comparative Study

Author(s): Mihaela Cărăuşan / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

The Fundamental Laws of the European Union member states establish the institutional system and also the Government’s organisation. In the present article, after we already studied the organisation of the Chief of State institution, we will analyse the other vector of the executive power: the Government. Each state understands to organise public administration system differently, according to their administrative culture and to their constitutional rules. The second part of the study based on the comparative method and on the analysis of the Constitutional rules will emphasize the unity and also the diversity of the government organisation in the European Union systems.

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Participatory Democracy: Mechanism of Better Regulation in Europe

Author(s): Neliana Rodean / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

Abstract: This paper aims at analyzing the concept of participatory democracy in the European context. In the era of globalization, tools such as Internet filled the gap between civil society and political institutions. The new information and communication technologies contribute to the involvement of citizens in decision-making process. The democratic deficit is bridged through increasingly active participation of civil society at various levels of policy. Through e-democracy tools is realized a direct action of citizens, or even certain categories, which for various reasons do not have the possibility to be informed or have voice on political decisions. In addition, the European institutions, through mechanisms of “better regulation”, promote processes of simplification rules find a remedy for an excessive law-making.

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Constitution and Sustainable Development Goals

Author(s): Akmal Saidov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Constitution and Sustainable Development Goals

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