![Zsákutcában. A magyar-osztrák kapcsolatépítés problémái, 1945-1949](/api/image/getbookcoverimage?id=document_cover-page-image_482174.jpg)
We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
At the beginning of January 2014, the agreement signed by Viktor Orbán and Vladimir Putin at a meeting in Moscow elicited considerable public debate. This debate, however, was quite fragmented. It was not so much the cacophony of genres, or the cavalcade of domestic, foreign, or energy policy arguments, or the ideological or visceral viewpoints that were most striking, but rather the unstructured nature of the debate, and the divergent nature of the questions asked by those debating the subject. Two basic questions should be separated at the outset: First, what kind of energy policy options are there, and how well-founded is the Paks expansion plan in a technical sense? Is there a need for it? Second, what aspects guided the government, and within that the premier and his inner circle, in making this decision?
More...
The main objective of the paper is to analyze the economic position of Serbia i. e. to evaluate the current level of development of the Serbian economy in comparison to the economies of the former Yugoslav republics. It is evident that two decades after the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) former republics are facing rather inconvenient economic trends, of which the most important are unsatisfactory level of actual Gross domestic product (GDP), high unemployment and foreign trade deficits, insufficient foreign direct investments (FDI) and growing indebtedness. Bearing in mind that the above economic trends are caused by different levels of economic development of the individual republics, different political and economic circumstances as well as the dynamics and the way they implemented a comprehensive reform of economic and political life in order to shift from a centrally planned to a market based economy and integrate into the European Union (EU), paper reviews the historical events that followed the disintegration of SFRY and the basic characteristics of the transition of former Yugoslav republics.
More...
In the First Czechoslovak Republic, Slovakia remained its backward agrarian part because of its less developed economic structure. The Slovak agriculture suffered from unequal distribution of land, which caused the “hunger for land” among the poorest farmers – a majority of the Slovak population. The land reform, expected to solve this problem, was carried out according to laws issued by the Parliament, usually in agreement with the Agrarian Party’s policy. The study briefly outlines the development and results of the reform. It also shows the relations and political attitudes of Hlinka's Slovak People's Party and the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia to the land reform and its accomplishment in Slovakia. The focus is on the 1920s.
More...
Ľudovít Štúr prepožičal svoje meno mnohým uliciam, verejným priestranstvám i niektorým inštitúciám. Význam jeho osobnosti pripomínajú domácej i zahraničnej verejnosti početné výtvarné artefakty. Okrem obrazov, sôch, pamätných tabúľ, medailí a odznakov sú to aj kovové a papierové platidlá. Zobrazenie portrétu Ľ. Štúra na platidlách bolo neraz predmetom zložitých rozhodovaní. Jeho portréty na peniazoch však nie sú jediným spôsobom, ako jeho odkaz platidlá reflektujú. Cieľom tohto príspevku je opis, porovnanie a zhodnotenie týchto skutočností, ako aj ich zasadenie do širších historických súvislostí a do všeobecného rámca symboliky a ikonografie peňažných znakov.
More...
„Nesmíme ani na okamžik zapomínat, že cesta k socialismu je a bude i po únorovém vítězství cestou třídního boje. Stále platí, že v únoru byla sice reakce bita a poražena, ale nebyla a nemohla býti dobita a likvidována… Před všemi lidmi dobré vůle, před všemi složkami obrozené Národní fronty stojí úkol reakci isolovat a zneškodnit… A politicky prodělala reakce takový vývoj, že se od ní každý poctivý Čechoslovák musí s hnusem odvrátit…“, hřímal K. Gottwald na IX. sjezdu KSČ, který probíhal ve dnech 24. – 29. května 1949. Perzekuce obyvatelstva po únoru 1948 nabývala nejrůznějších forem. Politické procesy byly pouze onou nejviditelnější špičkou ledovce. Reakce ale měla být zlomena mimo jiné také administrativními opatřeními v oboru sociálního zabezpečení. Integrální součástí „generální linie budování socialismu v Československu“ byla likvidace bývalých panujících tříd a odstranění jejich některých přetrvávajících sociálních zvýhodnění.
More...
Pri vzniku slovenského agrárneho politického hnutia sa rozhodovalo nielen o konštituovaní agrárnej strany na Slovensku a jej ďalšom politickom osude, ale vzhľadom na jej význam na slovenskej i československej politickej scéne aj o smerovaní celého politického vývoja v medzivojnovom období a jeho neblahom vyústení v roku 1938.
More...
Pod všeobecným pomenovaním „Thurzovci“ alebo „Thurzo“ si každý predstavuje niekoho iného. Pritom tých historicky významných Thurzovcov nebolo až tak veľa, ak si uvedomíme, že v porovnaní s inými aristokratickými rodmi žili Thurzovci (aspoň historicky) relatívne krátko, len niečo cez dve storočia (1430–1636). O to viac musí vyniknúť závratnosť kariéry, ktorú za dve storočia urobili. A boli práve na vrchole svojej slávy a bohatstva, keď ich postihla nepriazeň osudu, že ich rod vymrel v mužskej línii.
More...
Between the end of WWII and the Resolution of the Cominform, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia cooperated intensively. Although Czechoslovakia remained a multi-party state and Yugoslavia had experienced a change of government, the continuity of intensive cooperation and improvement of mutual acquaintance from the previous period were maintained. The two countries were tied by the treaty of alliance (the Treaty of Friendship that was signed in Belgrade on May 9, 1946). Their communist parties were members of the Cominform. The Yugoslav leaders relied in development of industry after WWII primarily on Czechoslovakia that was the major trade partner from where goods, licenses and machinery were imported. Czechoslovakia was irreplaceable in Yugoslav plans for industrialization. Cultural cooperation was very rich, manysided and meaningful. It comprised exchange of artists, writers, musicians, painters, scholars, translations, exhibitions, ample sports cooperation etc. Yugoslavia sent students and apprentices to be educated in Czechoslovakia. During three years (1945-1948) 3000 students and apprentices from Yugoslavia passed through Czechoslovak faculties and vocational schools. Tens of thousands of tourists from Czechoslovakia visited the Adriatic and Czechoslovak students, experts and professors toured Yugoslavia during their numerous visits. On every step they recorded and photographed customs, architecture, people, history and arts of the Yugoslav lands. However, the conflict with the Cominform changed everything. Czechoslovakia sided with the Cominform; cooperation grew weaker and was finally terminated on October 9, 1949 as Czechoslovakia canceled the Treaty of Friendship.
More...
“Stvari će potrajati. Diktatura ne vlada samo na nacionalnom planu. Ona je i u obiteljskoj strukturi, u čemu i treba tražiti korijene strašnog kineskog autoritarizma. Djeca u Kini odrastaju u potpunom nedostatku slobode i ravnopravnosti... Trebat će ideje demokracije usidriti u psihu ljudi... Pokret za demokratizaciju Kine mora biti pokret za individualno oslobođenje... Promjena vlasti ne bi bila dovoljna”. Ovaj citat studentkinje Čai Ling (Chai Ling) Latinka Perović je u uvodu svoje knjige “Zatvaranje kruga: ishod političkog rascepa u SKJ 1971/72” (“Svjetlost”, Sarajevo 1991), uzela kao jednu od ilustracija sopstvene analize društvenih tokova u XX veku. Fokusirana u prvom redu na (zlo)upotrebu socijalističke ideologije, jedne od dominatnih globalnih ideologija prošlog stoleća, u patrijarhalnim društvima, ova analiza i sada ima aktuelnu rezonancu. Bez obzira na dramatične promene koje su se u poslednje dve decenije odigrale u svetu, pogotovo na ogromnom prostoru između Pacifika na istoku i Atlantika na zapadu.
More...
This study if focused on pieces of the so called stone-paste (Qashan) ceramics, found during archaeological excavations on the two citadels in the capital of the Second Bulgarian kingdom. Most of the findings are shards that come from the Southern part of Trapezitsa. There is also a restored bowl found at area 14 at Tsarvets. Their context is dated to the 13th—14th century. Not numerous artifacts of this kind, among the ceramic assemblage in this context, as stone-paste ware, Celadon ware and Western majolica ware, show that import of decorated luxory ceramic wares to the Bulgarian capital was limited.The examples of stone-paste wares presented here were made at important production centres of the Golden Horde ion the Lower Volga region and at the workshops of Mamluk Egypt. These evidences of distant trade connections are exotic exceptions among the art ware ceramic assemblage of medieval Tarnovo.
More...