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U ranu jesen, na ulicama Kikinde počinju da se pojavljuju plakati okačeni na bandere: „Pažnja! U blizini živi Mihalj Kertes, pljačkaš i saradnik ratnih zločinaca“; i: „Oprez! Zlikovac na slobodi“. U početku malo ko obraća pažnju na upozorenja izvučena na jeftinom štampaču. Kiša natapa papir, slova se razlivaju i ubrzo postaju nečitka. Ipak, preko noći se pojavljuju novi plakati, ovog puta napravljeni u vidu oznaka za radove na putu: „Na 500 metara od vas živi nekažnjeni otimač“; „Sada ste na sto metara od opasnog kriminalca“. Sutradan u predvečerje, istim ulicama prolazi grupa od stotinak ljudi sa sličnim transparentima i plakatima na kojima su uveličane fotografije Kertesa iz devedesetih i citati njegovih izjava. Kolona se zaustavlja kod Kertesove adrese i jedan od demonstranata počinje da govori u megafon...
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Ove nedelje obeleženo je 66 godina od početka proizvodnje legendarnog fiće, zvaničnog naziva Fiat 600, koja je u pogonu Stara prikolica nekadašnjeg Vojnotehničkog zavoda u Kragujevcu (nakon 2. svetskog rata preimenovanog u Zavode Crvena zastava) startovala 18. oktobra daleke 1955. Prethodno je, 1954. kupljena licenca od Fijata, čemu je 1953. prethodilo izjašnjavanje radnika kragujevačkih Zavoda o početku proizvodnje putničkih vozila u Kragujevcu.
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Prikaz knjige E.P. Thompsona „Pruga. Avantura izgradnje“ iz 1948, u prevodu Slobodanke Glišić, koja sadrži svedočenja članova britanske radne brigade koja je gradila prugu Šamac-Sarajevo. Tekst je objavljen u zborniku radova o ovoj knjizi, pod naslovom „Duh pruge“. Knjigu i zbornik je u jednim koricama 2020. objavila Fabrika knjiga.
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The aim of the paper is to verify whether there is an increase in the amount of investment costs in regional development projects between the time of decision and completion of implementation. This assumption was not confirmed in the evaluated set of 911 projects implemented with the support from the Regional Operational Programme South-East in 2008-2015 in the South Moravian Region and the Vysočina Region. The average difference in investment costs is -3.7%, it means decrease of the investment costs. In terms of the identification of causes, only a slight dependence on the length of implementation was documented. Dependence on investment volume for projects up to CZK 100.0 million was not confirmed. The largest increase in investment costs was documented for projects implemented by the private sector (average increase in investment costs by 17%). A likely cause is the effort of the private sector to maximize the use of subsidies.
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The aim of this study is to predict the volatility interaction between the Fear index (VIX) and BIST 100 and BIST 30 with the CCC-GARCH Model. In this direction, the daily closing data for the period 02.01.2015-17.01.2023 was used as the data set. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that there is no volatility interaction from BIST 100 index to VIX, but there is volatility interaction from VIX to BIST 100 index. It has been determined that there is a one-way volatility interaction from VIX to BIST 100 index. It has been determined that there is no volatility transfer between VIX and BIST 30 index.
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Ekonomi ile ilgili tarihi süreçler ve tarihi kaynaklar sistematiği doyurucu bir arka plan ortaya koyar. Dünya ekonomik sisteminin rekabetçi ortamı sermaye birikiminin jeopolitik nüfuz alanlarını zorunlu kılar. Para, satmak üzere mal veya emek satın almakta kullanıldığı zaman sermaye olur. Aynı şekilde, çoban yününü satarak aldığı parayla yemek için ekmek alırken parasını sermaye olarak kullanmaz. Ama tüccar, yünü daha yüksek fiyata satacağını umarak yün karşılığı para verirken parasını sermaye olarak kullanır. Ticaretin ayrıcalıklı olarak desteklenmesi aşırı sermaye birikiminin sosyal dengeyi ve ulus-devletlerin işlevini değiştirme yönlü gücünü var saymak gerçekçi bir yaklaşım olarak değerlendirilir. Az gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin boyunduruk altında kalması iki dalga halinde ele alınmalıdır.
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The establishment of the "Commodity Science" department and specialty at the first Higher Trade School (now the University of Economics - Varna) in Bulgaria dates back to October 19, 1948. The confirmation and development of academic education in the field of commodity science only at the University of Economics - Varna is conditioned by the foresight of its founder, first rector and professor of commodity science - Tsani Kalyandzhiev, the presence of prominent scientists and teachers who continued his work, the creation of good conditions and renewed material base, current scientific research, the need for specialists who know the factors for the formation of the assortment and the quality of the goods, its evaluation, control and management. For its 75 years of development and resistance to economic challenges, the "Commodity Science" department develops dynamically in accordance with the development of international markets, the requirements of practice and consumers, provides scientific solutions and trained staff to national and international businesses. She has left a rich scientific legacy in the field of commodity knowledge - over 165 textbooks and teaching aids for universities and vocational high schools, more than 325 scientific studies have been published, of which 20 monographs, 170 articles, 130 reports, there are 46 inventions and over 50 developments on scientific projects. Only for the last 5 years (2019-2023), the scientific publications of the department staff are 135, of which 40 are in foreign refereed and indexed scientific publications Scopus /Web of Science. The number of citations of the publications of the members of the academic staff for the last 5 years is 320, and in the indexed editions Scopus and Web of Science they are 74%. Over 100 are the joint scientific publications of members of the department with their supervised doctoral students and students. The Department of "Commodity Science" has organized and conducted 20 international scientific forums, at which 790 reports were presented, of which 487 were by foreign scientists and 383 by Bulgarian scientists, it trained over 3680 graduates, unique specialists - bachelors, masters and doctoral students with wide realization.The actuality and growing need for knowledge about commodities, established traditions, international scientific partnership and that with practice and business, the proven historical significance of scientific contributions and prepared staff from the "Commodity Science" department determine its sustainable development, vitality and perspective.
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The EU enlargement process is accompanied by a series of differences between EU member states regarding economic development. In this context, the efficient implementation of cohesion policy has become more necessary in order to reduce the disparities between countries and between different areas and regions in the same country. This paper aims to analyze the effects of cohesion policy in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries for the 2014-2020 programming. Based on the data provided by the European Com-mission, the Romanian Fiscal Council, Eurostat and Cohesion Open Data Platform, we investigate the impact of the cohesion policy by analyzing the use of European Structural and Investments (ESI) Funds, the member states capacity to attract and retain the ESI Funds, including the absorption rate in general, but also in an economic environment affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The research showed that the impact of cohesion policy has proven to be positive in the analyzed countries, with positive results in the field of infrastructure, research and innovation, education, health, environment and the competitiveness of SMEs. These positive results also led to a continuous increase of GDP per capita throughout the 2014-2020 programming period.
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Europe stands at a crossroads. The purpose of this essay is to analyse key current and future challenges faced by the EU with a historical perspective. I shall address successively political and geopolitical issues, economic issues, and the question of EU widening and deepening.
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Intrusions in monetary systems by money counterfeiting are mostly conducted by individuals or groups motivated by acquiring illegal benefits. Despite strict legal sanctions stipulated for counterfeiting and uttering of counterfeit money in all legislations, occurrence of forgeries is frequent. Many various, more or less successful forgeries of Yugoslavian banknotes in the period of “people’s democracy” are known. The best-known case is one related to “enemies of New Yugoslavia” who have counterfeited a significant amount of dinar banknotes of Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (1944 editions) in 1946 in Trieste, Italy, thereby, according to the Yugoslavian authorities, attempting to endanger the Yugoslavian monetary system. Counterfeits of the 1000 dinar banknote of DF Yugoslavia (1944) were successful, and a decision to withdraw those banknotes was made at the beginning of 1947. On counterfeits of dinar banknotes of DF Yugoslavia (1944) from 1945/1946, much information is known to us from criminal and numismatic literature, published archival documents, and released copies of counterfeit banknotes from police and numismatic collections. However, many details about stated forgeries and the judicial procedure against the counterfeiters, i.e. those who uttered the counterfeits, most of whom were arrested in Yugoslavia, mostly on Croatian territory, is insufficiently known and researched. The paper also explains how the Croatian/Yugoslavian justice system has sanctioned economic crime and presented it to the public as a political crime through press in 1946.
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As the years after 1918 passed under the clouds of economic instability, shortages, social and political upheaval Osijek’s economic spheres following the unification of the State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs with the Kingdoms of Serbia and Montenegro (1918) had to adjust their activities to new circumstances. Namely, the previous centres of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (Vienna, Graz, Budapest, Pecs, Villany, Barcs, Trieste, etc.) to which they were linked by internal commercial, financial, and other ties were all of a sudden on the other side of the state’s boundaries, that is abroad, while the foreign territories of Serbia and Montenegro became domestic land. At the same time the establishment of the new state upon the demise of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy required the resolution of problems tied to the transit of goods and the completion of commercial contracts with neighbouring countries, as well as the arrangement of taxation, transportation, customs, financial and other matters. All of this directly affected the interests of Osijek’s economic spheres which, despite a developed industrial base, trades, commercial sector and banking system, did not come to full fruition in the new state. The previous conditions of life changed because Osijek began to be left behind Zagreb. Nevertheless, even in the new conditions, due to Osijek’s favourable position along the Drava in terms of transport, a rather quick economic revival was guaranteed.
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The question of land property has always been an intriguing one for the European historians, especially medievalists, as practices concerning property are complex. Medieval concepts such as (land) property, ownership, and lease do not correspond to our understanding or to the Roman period. In the changed social and economic circumstances of Late Antiquity, ownership gradually lost its absolute meaning. The notion of land possession also changed radically throughout the Middle Ages.
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The second half of the 14th century was the only prolonged period after the year 1000 in which the island of Rab was not under the Venetian rule, but subjected to the Hungarian kings together with the rest of Dalmatia. The new political constellation entailed a significant restructuring of power within the commune. It was only to be expected that the noble kindreds who had linked their position in the commune to the presence of powerful Venetian kindreds, who had their own vested interests in Quarner, would gradually decline. This happened to the Hermolais, who were related to Rab’s noble Venetian kindred of Badoer and who had been used to their members holding the office of Rab’s bishops for so long. It was also easily predictable that those kindreds who were inclined to Hungary even during the Venetian rule would now have their chance of surpassing all their local rivals. There was, however, something that came as a novelty with the ascension of the Angevin kings, and the inhabitants of Rab still had to learn to deal with it, each in their own way: the absence of a powerful authority of a count, which increased the significance of the titles of the vice-count and the communal chancellor. The increased importance of these two functions, as well as the greater role of judges in the public life of the local commune, also led to the restructuring of the attitude of Rab’s elites towards the relationship between public and private in their own setting.
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Among the changes occurring in the communal societies of Dalmatia during the 15th century, the emergence of a wealthy commoner class was an important process, and it has been described in some detail by Tomislav Raukar. Even though he has set its beginnings as early as the 14th century, he claims that it particularly flourished with the establishment of the Venetian rule. He has also emphasized, however, that this process has hitherto been investigated in detail only for Zadar and Split.
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During the organization process of the Chamber administration in Slavonia at the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th century, officials conducted censuses in 1698 and 1702. After that period the Court Chamber recorded Slavonia in 1721, 1736 and 1745/46. Apart from these censuses the Court Chamber recorded particular estates that were sold, i.e. donated to noble families. In the mid-18th century the owners had to make a list of estates so that the Vienna Court could determine the fees for their implementation. In the censuses from 1698 and 1702 the census takers described each village in every district, i.e. manor. During that process they determined the sizes of certain types of land (arable land, meadows, vineyards, forests, pastureland and gardens), yet they listed them in different types of measurement units related to human activity (how much could be ploughed in a morning, mown in a day, hoed in a day, walked in an hour), which makes it difficult for researchers to determine the proportions of particular areas of land. The census takers determined the wooded areas of the entire region, covered by the census, as well as the woody species of the forests. In 1698, they mainly used the terms acorning, timber, firewood for the woody species and only in the districts of Brod, Kobaš, Našice did they specify woody species according to the names of plant species (oak, beech, hornbeam, yew, poplar, willow, alder and others). In later censuses during the decameralization process the census takers used the aforementioned terms (acorning, timber, firewood). Apart from the asset strength of households and the size of land areas, the census takers determined the revenue of the estates and the value of all future estates. In that process they added the value of forests to the estate revenues determined by using certain mathematical models. On the basis of that model it is also possible to determine the significance of wooded areas in value and indirectly to the economy of manors at that time. The censuses from 1721 and 1736 do not provide data on the size of wooded areas or the amount of estate revenues; hence it is not possible to determine the significance of wooded areas in the economy of particular estates. The censuses of estates and estate revenues in the period from 1747 to 1751 provide also data on incomes of particular estates from estate forests. As per the censuses the estates gained income from forests by acorning and by using firewood and timber for the requirements of estates; these revenues were not recorded as estate revenues by the census takers. Through analysis of estate revenues it is possible to determine the significance of estate forests in the economy of then estates. From the censuses of the first half of the 18th century it can be concluded that the forests of Slavonian estates were not particularly significant when the values of the manors were being determined or for the economy of the manors throughout that period of time. Forests gained in importance during the first half of the 19th century.
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The Evangelisti (earlier Tributinići, sometimes Vangelisti) kindred, by its is origin from Jajce in Bosnia, who after their arrival in Dubrovnik experienced their growth as well as ascend on the social scale just to become the Antunini – the highs strata of the citizens of Dubrovnik. The first member of the kindred was Gradoje Tributinić whose son Bielosav was married to Anđela, the daughter of Evangelista Moro, and was the founder of the family in Dubrovnik. The linage was continued by his son Brailo who married Patronila, the daughter of Luca Bratosalić, in 1443, as well as by Brailo’ son Evangelista, who married Rusa, the daughter of Thomas Alduardi, the official physician of the Republic of Dubrovnik, in 1469. The next generation of the Evangelisti kindred represents Gabriel, son of Evangelista, who married Margarita, the daughter of Benedict Bratosaljić, while his son, Evangelista Jr., who married Francisca Marina, the daughter of Antun Rugia in 1539, was the last member of the Evangelisti kindred who had male offsprings. Namely, his only son Gabriel Jr., who married Iva Mate Stay in 1595, had not any offsprings. After his death as well as the death of his unmarried brothers Marin, John, Damjan and Anthony in the 1620s, the Evangelisti kindred came to an end.
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Republika e Venedikut ka qenë një fuqi e rëndësishme shtetërore në periudhën e Skënderbeut. Fuqia e saj ekonomike qëndronte në lidhjet tregtare, që pati shekuj me radhë me Perandorinë Bizantine dhe tregjet e pasura të Lindjes. Lidhjet me Bizantin në tokat shqiptare, realizoheshin nëpërmjet rrugës së vjetër “Via Egnatia”, që vinte në Durrës nga Pulia dhe shkonte drejt Selanikut e Konstantinopojës.
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As part of urban toponymy, urbanonyms are subject to constant changes. Until the end of the 19th century, they mainly served an orientation function within the city. However, at the beginning of the 20th century, they became an effective tool for political propaganda The aim of the contribution is the historical-urbanistic development of the city of Banská Bystrica in the context of the development of street names in its historical core. In the article, we used the historical-geographical method to identify certain trends in the naming of streets and squares. We consider it one of the most important methods used in this type of work, as it has been applied on several levels. The result of the analysis is a historical overview of the development and changes in street names and their names for the period from 1918 to the present. Socially unmotivated street names prevail in Banská Bystrica. Thus, the city mainly used local and historical names when naming and renaming streets. It was mainly influenced by the changing political situation. Despite this, the art and culture category has the largest representation, with the writer's names dominating street names.
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Income inequality and its impact on the country's economic growth is a frequent and current research question in modern business conditions. The fact that every year the World Inequality Base publishes a report on global inequality in different segments, including the segment of income inequality, speaks of its topicality. This paper tries to give an answer to the question of what is the relationship between income inequality and economic growth in small economies, using the example of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. The hypothesis on which the paper is based is that with the reduction of income inequality comes an increase in economic growth in small economies. The time span of the research is the period of 2000 - 2021. Applying regression analysis, it was found that with the increase in income inequality, economic growth in the analyzed countries decreases and vice versa.
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