Novinově vydavatelská instituce Jednota a její význam pro poznání minulosti a současnosti Čechů v Chorvatsku

Author(s): Jana Kočí / Language(s): Czech Issue: 56/2019

The Czechs in Croatia have been raising the interest of Czech researchers (historians and ethnologists) for a long time. According to my research, there is not a comprehensive work among the up now compiled works which would deal with expatriate Czechs and which would capture the complex past and presence of the Czech minority in Croatia. There are partial studies in generally focused monographical works or qualification works, which, due to the shortness of research visits, can bring information about Croatian Czechs in a simplified or in a misleading manner. The absence of the attempt to emic approach towards the studied topics and minimal extraction of compatriot source materials is problematic. We present an extensive overview of compatriot production published by the Czech Journal Publishing Institution Jednota which are not yet depleted and which could bring new enriching information and which could help to understand the fates of the Czech minority in Croatia in contexts which have been up to now overlooked.

Proměny etnografických časopisů Slovácka v letech 1936–1950

Author(s): Viktor Janák / Language(s): Czech Issue: 61/2021

From the first half of 1930s until the 1950s, the society of Slovácko as well as the entire Czechoslovak Republic faced significant changes. These changes were inevitably reflected even in areas such as ethnography. Associations and groups, addressing the ethnography of Slovácko in this period, published their own periodicals. Their contributors were both members of these associations and renowned professionals. Their narrative was obviously dependent on the regime as an external source of influence which affected directly or indirectly the quality and direction of ethnographers. One of the changes related to the ethnography of the period was the establishment of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia; as a consequence, ethnographers had to face pressure from Nazi authorities, and each group of ethnographers dealt with this pressure in a different way. Some were trying to maintain pure ethnography, and the pressure from the outside resulted in publication of contributions to satisfy the governing group which, however, did not change the nature of ethnography. In contrast, other groups were influenced by the pressure to such an extent that they compromised ethnography.

FENOMENE NATURALE DEOSEBITE: MODELUL ATITUDINAL AL FOŞTILOR GRĂNICERI DIN CERCUL RODNA

Author(s): Maria Onofreiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2021

The period of existence of the Năsăud District (1861–1876) has been defined, from a climatic point of view, by a variety of natural phenomena, which were influenced by meteorological conditions. The study presents documents that demonstrate the attitudinal pattern of the former border guards from the Rodna Circle, who were involved in the effort to help those affected by the Hasburg Monarchy, showing solidarity, a quality assumed and manifested in various periods of their past, by the former border guards.

Patrycja Trzeszczyńska. Łemkowszczyzna Zapamiętana: Opowieści o Przeszłości i Przestrzeni

Author(s): Karolina Koziura / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Patrycja Trzeszczyńska. Łemkowszczyzna Zapamiętana: Opowieści o Przeszłości i Przestrzeni [The Lemko Land Remembered: Stories About the Past and Space]. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, 2013. Anthropos, edited by Czesław Robotycki. 444 pp. Tables. Bibliography.

History as Seen Through Postcards: A Story of the Lodz Ghetto—Total Isolation

Author(s): Nitza Davidovich,Shlomit Ben Ishay,Ruth Dorot / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Thesis. This study explores the role of postcards as a historical, documentary, and artistic source depicting the events of the Holocaust, focusing on postcards written or received by inhabitants of the Lodz Ghetto. 78 postcards were translated into Hebrew and on exhibition at the Holocaust and Heroism Memorial Museum in Israel. Research indicates that the postcards served as an authentic and rare source of information as well as understanding the emotions of Jews whose lives were overshadowed by the threat of annihilation. Methods. The study is a qualitative one, based on the grounded theory approach. Analysis is established on identifying and characterising recurrences in the raw material of findings, with a clear definition of the unit of analysis, to build a hierarchy of the recurrences and themes, and to construct a theoretical model that explains the reality under investigation. Researchers in this method gather information about the life patterns of their subjects as well as the organizational and social structures. Grounded theory assumes that all people who have shared life circumstances also have shared social and psychological patterns, which even if not consciously formulated or expressed grow from the shared experiences. Results and conclusion. In-depth analysis reveals the historical events from the perspective of the postcard writers, as they experienced them in the ghetto. The postcards sent to the ghetto by relatives and acquaintances reveal their writers’ hopes of reuniting with their family or their extreme despair as they cope with the loss of their family.

The Handwritten Recipe Notebook as a Place of Memory

Author(s): Laura Jiga Iliescu / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2022

A handwritten recipe notebook is not a mere domestic collection of recipes, but a material support for an immaterial tradition that combines culinary knowledge with commensality practices. These are formalized texts (a title, a list of ingredients, and directions) activated through the oral performance of a formalized setting (the food preparation process), which combines sequences of gestures instead of (or together with) words, or/and through a writing activity (copying a model or transcribing the recipe after dictation). The final material artefact (namely the dish and the written recipe) incorporates the syncretic and immaterial memories of all previous performances. A recipe notebook is not a simple anthology of texts either, it is instead a subjective “critical edition” which grows page by page, according to imperceptible selection criteria; with the passing of time, the pages become impregnated with smells, traces of pots of oil or sugar, children’s fingerprints, figurative drawings, etc.

Az „oláh-verő Botond” Keleti Svájcban. Réthy László és a dualizmus kori nemzetiségi kérdés különös története

Author(s): József Demmel / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2022

László Réthy, a popular obscene poet known under the name of Árpád Lőwy, published in 1911 a poem about the peace among the national groups with the title of Switzerland of the East. Since Réthy had previously frequently echoed the common contemporary Hungarian stereotypes about the national minorities, the paper explores the problem of the poem’s origins. The roots are identified before all in the history of Réthy’s family, in the uncertainties of his descent, the multi-lingual environment that surrounded him in his youth, but also in his neurosis that was rooted in personal traumas, and in several accidental circumstances. Taken together, these factors show how extraordinary it was in the latter period of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy for someone to adopt the perspective of another national discourse, to accept the national sentiment of non-Hungareians or even to acknowledge it as legitimate.

Wincenty Bałys - patronem tomickich placówek kultury

Author(s): Andrzej Buś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/1998

Uchwałą Rady Gminy nadano Ośrodkowi Kultury w Tomicach imię Wincentego Bałysa. 10 lipca 1998 r., podczas uroczystego spotkania z przedstawicielami władz, animatorami kultury, rodziny W. Bałysa oraz mieszkańcami wsi odsłonięto na budynku tomickiej biblioteki szyld i wręczono akt nadania patronatu. Uroczystości towarzyszyła ekspozycja dzieł artysty, zorganizowana w oparciu o zbiory Muzeum im. Emila Zegadłowicza, Muzeum Zbiory Historyczne Ziemi Wadowickiej oraz kolekcję Zygmunta Krausa.

Se duc olarii…

Author(s): Ion H. Ciubotaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 22/2022

This year, in the last decade of June, together with the first scents of linden flowers, in the park situated on Copou hill, we celebrated forty years since the first edition of “Cucuteni-5000” Traditional Pottery Fair of Iași. For four decades, craftsmen from the most famous pottery centres of the country have been heading towards the city in the heart of Moldova, to show off their clay vessels dressed in festive attire, barely taken out of the heating ovens. The following lines are dedicated to the creators of these beauties, those of yesterday and of today, as a tribute to everything they did and continue to do, turning the last days of the Moldavian summer into a memorable celebration. These are emotional pages about people and places, about the unparalleled beauty of the pots and jars, about the exhausting work of the craftsmen who, rather often, pay a heavy price for the job they embraced with so much love. To those who have visited us so many times, but are no longer among us, we give praises and thanks for everything they have done so that this ancient occupation does not disappear. The fair of Iaşi is a good opportunity to rediscover the multitude of black and red vessels, glazed or unglazed, on which the ancient notations are skilfully fiddled over.

The Central Location of the Hungarian Culture in the Syrmia Region: Maradék

Author(s): Attila Kasznár,Ádám Hágen / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2022

The southernmost part of Vojvodina is the Syrmia region. The Hungarian presence here is only sporadic. The area is the most Serbian part of Vojvodina. The central settlement of the Hungarian diaspora in the region is Maradék. Maradék is the last stronghold of local Hungarian culture. The settlement is home to the Petőfi Sándor Cultural Association. The Association is the dominant community of the Hungarian culture in the Syrmia region. The local primary school has a Hungarian-language class, which is unique in the region. Maradék was also the economic centre of the region’s Hungarian population. However, historical and economic changes have had a very negative impact on the settlement. Living in Maradék is difficult, and many people, especially Hungarians, are moving away.

The Dilemmas of the Post-War Transition for the Transcarpathian Calvinists in the Soviet Empire (1944–1949)

Author(s): Ibolya Szamborovszkyné Nagy / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2022

The present study examines the dilemma of the Calvinists living in Transcarpathia (which became part of the Soviet Union in 1946) that arose following its annexation to the Soviet Empire. The problem was caused by the fact that among the Protestant denominations in the Soviet Union in 1946-47, only Evangelical Christians-Baptists (ECB) had state registration, i.e. a legal operating licence. The study aims at revealing the dialectics of the dilemma arising among the Calvinists, according to which, in order to survive, they should either align with the ECB (i.e. imperial expectations) or, alternatively, even take the risk of termination and maintain their denominational separation. In addition, the research brings insights into how the choice of the Calvinists was influenced by the denominational autonomy and national traditions that had been enjoyed until then. The state authorities would have provided a chance for an easier and routine-like solution of the problem and classify the nearly 80,000 Reformed community members in Transcarpathia as ECB. However, the case generated an unexpected problem even in the Soviet bureaucratic system as the denominational affiliation was also linked to the issue of nationality. Therefore, at the state level, it was a problem of both a religious belief and national belonging. Likewise, the study highlights the extent to which the response of the religious minority in the present case was about religious affiliation and ethnicity. Finally, the present paper considers how the state’s primary project had ultimately changed when exploring the dilemma and what conclusions and outcomes it entailed.

ПЛЕМЕ БУБАЛА: С НАЈНОВИЈИМ НАСЕЉЕМ У РЕШЕТАРУ И АРАПОВУ ДОЛУ: ПРИЛОГ ИСПИТИВАЊУ СРПСКИХ НАСЕЉА НА ОГУЛИНСКОМ КОРДУНУ, У ЛИЦИ И БАНИЈИ По истори(j)ским подацима и народном предању

Author(s): Slavica O. Garonja Radovanac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 13/2022

The manuscript of Manojlo Bubalo Kordunaš titled Pleme Bubala: s najnovijim naseljem u Rešetaru i Arapovu Dolu – prilog ispitivanju srpskih naselja na Ogulinskom Kordunu, u Lici i Baniji. Po istorijskim podacima i narodnom predanju (The Bubalo Tribe: with the Newest Settlement in Rešetar and Arapov Do – a Contribution to the Examination of Serbian Settlements in Ogulinski Kordun, Lika and Banija. According to Historical Data and Folk Legend) is a precious ethnographic study devoted to a lineage/family, through whose history, consisting of (rare) historical documents and, more frequently, oral legends, the author gives a broader picture of life of the Serbian people in the perennially, historically unstable area between Banija, Kordun and the Bosnian Frontier (Bosanska Krajina). In the first part of the manuscript, he notes down invaluable memories of old men (with their photographs) about the latest decades of warfare and existence of the Military Frontier. This manuscript is also a contemporary record of life of the Serbian people in this area of the Frontier, in the third decade of the 20th century, with living customs, material culture, oral tradition and folk speech, which, particularly after the Second World War, drastically changed in demographic terms, and spiritually deteriorated. This is why we decided to publish this manuscript from the voluminous manuscript legacy of Manojlo Bubalo Kordunaš, 85 years after its creation and arrival in the Ethnographic Collection of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Belgrade. This is the first of the three envisaged parts.

Раят Рио Драганейро – спомен от семеен празник

Author(s): Vera Boneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The text is a memoir story dedicated to my childhood in the village of Draganovo, Gornooryakhovsko. It is centered around a preserved photo from my brother Ivan Bonev's birthday, in which we are with him and our late grandparents - also Ivan and Vera. My connection to my native village and to my native home passes precisely through the memories of my grandparents and through the wisdom I have absorbed from their gentle but firm supervision over me in the years when we lived harmoniously and peacefully in our big country house for three generations.

Пет радостни обичая

Author(s): Jenya Andreeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Fabó Edit (ed.): Hazafiak voltak. Az ember, a hit és a történelem méltósága az 1867. évi kiegyezés utáni nemzeti ünnepeken

Author(s): Krisztián Bodnár / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2023

The essays in this volume show that the Hungarian national days that are generally accepted and known today were not officially recognised a century and a half ago, and that they were often the subject of political struggles.

„A nyitottság tradíciója.” Az északi frízek identitása és nyelvi helyzete. Interjú Thomas Steensen történészprofesszorral

Author(s): Thomas Steensen,Tamás Győri / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 03/2023

The Frisians are among the earliest Germanic tribes mentioned in historical sources, having been present in the Wadden Sea region for more than two thousand years. According to estimates by Swedish linguist Nils Århammarein, there are still a few thousand speakers of the northern Frisian dialects in the Schleswig-Holstein region, mostly elderly people. The North Frisians have always lived in a border region where German and Danish power aspirations met, and the maintenance of their separate identity was neither tolerated nor supported by either state. We spoke to Professor Thomas Steensen, historian, about the history of the Frisians and their current situation.

La reconstrucción del pasado del Acolhuacan en los inicios del siglo XVII: Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl y su uso del "Códice Xolotl"

Author(s): Miguel Angel Ruz Barrio,Cristina Bosque Canton / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 36/2022

Codex Xolotl (c. 1540) and the texts written by historian Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl in the first half of the seventeenth century are two fundamental sources to approach the past of the Basin of Mexico and, more specifically, that of Acolhuacan. Many works have already referred to Alva Ixtlilxochitl’s use of this codex as a source for his work; however, few works have analyzed the possible relation between the additions in the codex and the texts of the historian. From a previous codicological analysis, which has allowed us to select two of the elements added to the original content of the codex, we study the link between these additions and the work of Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl. For this purpose, it has also been important to verify that Alva Ixtlilxochitl presents two different readings of the sections in which there are paintings added to the original content. Once the the link between the scenes and Alva Ixtlilxochitl’s readings of them has been identified, we consider the possible implications hereof.

Ruszinok és/vagy Ukránok? Dokumentumok a magyarországi ruszinok és ukránok történelméből

Author(s): Anikó Akarsu,Zoltán Agg / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 4/2022

Fedinec Csilla – Szakál Imre – Csernicskó István: A magyarországi ruszinok és ukránok. Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár: Budapest, 2020. 270 oldal

Кара Танас от Ези бей

Author(s): Jenya Andreeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

Eszmék és történések között - Interjú Fehér Andrea történésszel, egyetemi adjunktussal

Author(s): Csaba Horváth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 858/2023

Csaba Horváth's interview with historian Andrea Fehér.