Изобретение проблемы (по поводу книги Флорина Курты)

Author(s): Petr V. Shuvalov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

In the paper the explanation of the making of Slavic ethnicity proposed by Florin Curta is exposed to criticism. Author considers some Curta's conclusions to contradict to the information of Thephylact Symocatta. In author's opinion, there is unclear from Curta's book how could the Byzantines invent the Slavs and what was the mechanism of influence of this Constantinople armchair invention on the populetion of such a distant frontier region.

«В тени Юстиниановых крепостей»? Ф. Курта и парадоксы раннеславянской этничности

Author(s): S. A. Ivanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2008

In the paper F. Curta's conception concerning the early Slavs' ethnicity is exposed to critical consideration. In the author's opinion, though F. Curta's book contains the idea that the ethnic name "Sclavenes" is an invention of the Byzantines, no answers were offered to questions who has invented it in Byzantium, how and what for this has been done and what way it has suggested to the Slavs themselves. The author believes that in this conception the instrumentalist approach was carried to an absurdity.

Slavs Beyond Justinian's Frontiers

Author(s): P. M. Barford / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2008

This essay explores some of the issues raised by the concepts contained in Florin Curta's book "The Making of the Slavs" for the study of the spread of the Early Medieval Slavic languages over central and eastern Europe. Instead of the culture historical and migrationist explanation of cultural change a processual approach is taken, in which language change is seen as a correlate of other processes. Since the problem is primarily a sociolinguistic one, there seems to be a need for more linguistic research taking as a starting point the new models in historiography which replace the purelu migrationist ones. Recent discussion on the origin of "the Slavs" raises a whole series of important issues not only about the relationship of material culture and identity, but also language and identity, all three seen as social processes. It also highlights the manner in which modern ideological constructs affect the way scholars have unterpreted the sources they work with. Barford's text explores some of the implications of Curta's model for central European historiography and some of the models that have previously been proposed to explain the phenomenon.

SOCIAL HISTORY AND AROMANIAN IDENTITY IN ORAL PRESENTATIONS

Author(s): Enache Tuşa / Language(s): English Issue: 1+2/2015

This way, Aromanians agreed to support the Ottoman multinational state within they thought they could find their place and political supporting. Moreover, Aromanians contributed to the reformation and modernization of the Ottoman state, leading to the creation of conditions favouring the assertion of the Aromanian community from the Balkan region. The Aromanians’ myths generally are not founding, they rather retell the destruction of a place (Moscopole, Gramoste and others). The myth from 1913 as being considered „the black year” for the Aromanians certainly refers to the appearnce of borders in the territories with Aromanian inhabitants, to the impossibility to have a traditional living standard and to the breakage of the union of the Aromanian world. Regarding this year, there are many impressions, many suppositions and many critics as well as the events that happened then.

Любка Рондова 1936 – 2016

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Date noi privind formarea poporului român și utilizarea lor în muzeele de istorie

Author(s): Ion Nestor / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/1975

The paper present the role of the History Museum from Bucharest in gathering new information about the formation of the romanian people

Новые методы изучения славянской этничности

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 2 (24)/2018

Texts and things have always been “the historian’s territory”. They are the sources from where the scholars have drawn their material.In the 21st century, history has extended the range of sources, drawing upon interdisciplinary research and entering the spheres of medicine, biology, psychology, ecology, and etc. Advance in genetics has enabled us to put the question: If it is possible to establish relationship between people with a maximum precision, can the same be done for ethnic groups?

„ÎNSTRUŢATUL BOULUI” LA CAILA. ASEMĂNĂRI ŞI DEOSEBIRI REFERITOARE LA PRACTICAREA ACESTUI OBICEI ÎN ALTE LOCALITĂŢI DIN JUDEŢUL BISTRIŢA-NĂSĂUD

Author(s): Ioan Sigmirean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XVIII/2019

In the first part, the article depicts the development of the custom of embellishingan ox with flowers in the village of Caila („Boul înstruţat”), located in Bistriţa-NăsăudCounty, with references to the display of this custom in other villages of the county. Inthe second part, it is presented the history of the development of this custom, as well asthe specialists’ judgments in history, ethnology and ethnography, with reference to theembellished ox custom („Boul înstruţat”).

O CONFIRMARE DOCUMENTARĂ A UNEI VECHI PRACTICI – BRICHETAREA SĂRII ÎN VASE DE LEMN LA RĂSĂRIT DE CARPAȚI

Author(s): Vasile Diaconu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2019

The author discusses the problems regarding the traditional way of crystallizing salt, by exploiting a documentary source from the XVIIIth century. It is a passage from the work of Balthasar Hacquet (1790), which describes a less known process, namely salt briquetting in wooden containers. This practice was recorded by the quoted author in the sub-mountain area of the present Suceava county, where, by boiling salt water and using wood containers, standardized salt shells were obtained. Given the importance of this ethnographic information, as well as its rarity, we consider that additions can be also made regarding the technique of salt briquetting for later eras.

Eschatological Ethnology. The Fear of End within the Discourse of Romanian Ethnology

Author(s): Mircea Păduraru / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2019

In this article I propose the concept of eschatological ethnology to characterize one of the dominant types of ethnological exercise that has been taking place in Romania. The proposal presents the three main ideas from the structure of the concept: the recurrent discourses announcing the imminent collapse of the traditional culture, the conversion of strong emotions into discursive instruments, and the political implications of a discipline which defines itself by the moral importance of its mission. Although the concept has a descriptive value, characterizing an intellectual tradition, the article deals also with its contextual political uses.

Máté Tamáska: Armenian Townscapes in Transylvania. (Armenier im östlichen Europa – Armenians in Eastern Europe Vol. 6.) Böhlau, Wien–Köln–Weimar, 2018. 157 oldal.

Author(s): Kornél Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 78/2019

Máté Tamáska: Armenian Townscapes in Transylvania.(Armenier im östlichen Europa – Armenians in Eastern Europe Vol. 6.)Böhlau, Wien–Köln–Weimar, 2018. 157 oldal.

Archaeology of Us and the Local Identity. An Interdisciplinary Context

Author(s): Olgierd Ławrynowicz / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2019

In this paper, the Author presents the semantic and methodological scope and characteristics of a new field the archaeology of the contemporary past. In his opinion the essence of the archaeology of the contemporary past is best conveyed by the term archaeology of us, which refers to the relationships between individuals or communities and their own material heritage. Due to the community and local dimension of archaeology of the contemporary past, an important source in this field is oral tradition, which is obtained and analysed during ethnographic interviews. The author refers to his own experience, gained during many years of research in the Polish Jurassic Highland, and indicates the importance and research effectiveness of incorporating the methodology of ethnographic research into the perspective of archaeology of the contemporary past.

Dissonant Heritage as a By-Product of the Postwar Agrarian Reform in Poland. From Postmemory to Ethnoarchaeology

Author(s): Sebastian Latocha / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2019

The subject of the paper is dissonant heritage exemplified by former German villages in Central Poland. The agrarian reform (1944) transformed the local social and cultural landscape by removing its German inhabitants. Today, former German farmsteads are occupied by families of the reform beneficiaries – Polish peasants. The paper is personal as it is based on the postmemory of the author, who used archival sources (including vital records and peasants’ letters of application for the post-German land) and information from his grandmother, who remembers her German neighbours, in an attempt to ‘revive’ the multi-cultural past and those who used to be a part of this landscape. The author outlines the concept of ethnoarchaeological research into the dissonant heritage being a by-product of the agrarian reform (1944) in Poland.

‘Historical Craft from the Artisan’s Point of View’. Analysis of the Results of the Survey Conducted Among Craftsmen Specialising in Historical Reconstruction

Author(s): Katarzyna Badowska,Wojciech Rutkowski / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2019

The paper presents the results of the survey carried out by the authors of this paper, the subject of which was experimental archaeology. We asked a group of artisans that deal with historical reconstruction a set of questions about the difficulties they encounter during their reconstruction work. What is their biggest problem? Where do the craftsmen derive information about the ancient technology from? How are their products received by recipients? The chronological framework of the reconstruction industry was narrowed down to one historical period (the time of the Przeworsk culture, that is the Pre-Roman Iron Age, the Roman Iron Age and Migration Period). This clearly showed some connections between a small group of craftsmen using ancient methods in their work and the academic world, and how important it is to acquire historical and archaeological knowledge and to find ethnographic inspirations in order to solve the problems of craft techniques. The survey covered artisans practising various crafts, from metalwork to pottery, which added a broader perspective to the issues studied.

Время как феномен этнической художественной традиции

Author(s): Olena Fedorciuk / Language(s): English,Romanian,Russian Issue: 1/2019

The phenomenon of time is a key link in the design of an ethnic artistic tradition. Meanwhile, this phenomenon has been studied insufficiently by ethnologists and art critics. The scientific novelty of the work is the author`s vision of nature and the role of the phenomenon of time by analyzing such manifestations as time-beginning, time of active practices, time-context of ethno-artistic tradition. The tradition of Ukrainian folk clothes beaded decor is the core of the research. The author compares her main conclusions with the realities of other ethnic folk artistic traditions, such as painted Easter eggs, glass painting, cutouts (ornament, cut out on paper). The author demonstrates that all processes occurring in the system of ethnic tradition are directly related to the passionarity of the ethnos. It is precisely the high level of passionarity that provides a high level of tradition passion-creative potential and promotes the emergence of such phenomena as time-beginning and time of active practices. The qualitative features of the ethno-artistic tradition time-context depend on the level of passion-creative potential. The author sees the perspective in studying other phenomena, which are also important for the construction of a paradigm of ethno-artistic tradition, in particular: the hearth of art, the master (as the main bearer of the tradition) and the artwork.

Об образе волка и общих сюжетах в мифологии народов Евразии

Author(s): Elizaveta CVILINCOVA,Vasily Sakovich / Language(s): English,Romanian,Russian Issue: 1/2019

The article explores the image of wolf, which occupies one of the central places in the culture of the Eurasian people. Particular attention is paid to the idea of a wolf-patron. It is emphasized that for the Slavic peoples the wolf has various roles, including as a patron. Due to the fact that the cult of the wolf is worshiped among the Byelorussians, but up to the present it has not been the subject of a separate study, the authors briefly dwell on this issue. Legends about the city of Volkovysk, the name and/or the foundation of which is associated with the veneration of wolves by local residents, are considered. It is noted that the flag and coat of arms of the city has the image of a wolf. The cited historiographical data prove that the worship of the wolf among the Slavs and the Turkic-Mongolian peoples has a different basis. The Slavs perceived the wolf as “alien” while the Turkic and Mongolian peoples – as blood relative. It is noted that the beliefs about the transformation of people into wolves («lycanthropy») are widespread among the Slavic peoples – Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles, Bulgarians. It is concluded that the mythological view about the sacred wolf in the European epic could have been «imported» from Asia to Europe by nomads.

Dimensiunea istorico-etnologică a cioclilor în Ţara Moldovei (sec. al XVIII-lea – începutul sec. al XIX-lea)

Author(s): Valentin Arapu / Language(s): English,Romanian,Russian Issue: 1/2019

In the Land of Moldavia, the „cioclii”, perceived at origins as simple undertakers, were associated in social guilds according to ethnic criteria. Over time, they have accumulated knowledge and experience in the prophylaxis of epidemics, especially of plague. In the Romanian medical folklore, the plague is personified, being labeled with hideous epithets. The image of the „cioclii” in the historical and ethnological sources is contradictory, not only their sanitary function is emphasized, but also their numerous abuses on the time of the plague epidemic. The work of a „cioclu” has left its mark on the Romanian onomastics of the following centuries.

Bulgaristica pe paginile „Revistei de Etnologie şi Culturologie” (2007-2019)

Author(s): Ivan Duminica / Language(s): English,Romanian,Russian Issue: 2/2019

In the presented article, the author considers the topic of the presence of Bulgarian studies on the pages of the “Journal of Ethnology and Culturology”, a scientific publication of the Center of Ethnology of the Institute of Cultural Heritage. The general statistical analysis shows that in the period 2007–2019 95 articles on Bulgarian studies were published on the pages of this journal. At the end of the article, the author compiled a bibliographic list of these materials. The published articles on Bulgarian studies can be divided into several categories, such as: ethnology, history, culture and the language of Bessarabian Bulgarians. The topics discussed in these scientific works relate to the problems associated with the development of the Bulgarian ethnic community in the tsarist and interwar periods. A very important aspect is the publication of field materials related to the customs of the Bulgarians in the Republic of Moldova. They describe the ritual of birth, traditional clothes and nutrition. Precious material is also represented by folklore, which allows us to analyze the features of the “inner world” and the ethno-psychology of Bessarabian Bulgarians. There are also important articles about various personalities of Bulgarian origin who have made themselves known in the socio-economic and cultural life of Bessarabia and Bulgaria.

Archimandrite Andronic Popovici as a spiritual and historical critic

Author(s): Ion Gumenâi / Language(s): English,Romanian,Russian Issue: 2/2019

The article provides an analysis of the fundamental work of Archimandrite Andronic Popovici: “The History of the Holy Monasteries of Neamt and Secu”. The manuscript of his work is stored in the National Archives of the Republic of Moldova. In his work, he dwelt on the problem associated with misunderstandings and conflicts that sometimes arose between the monks of different monasteries, including Neamt and Seku. In covering this issue, Andronic Popovich used a historically critical approach. Popovici also highlights issues related to donations made to the monasteries by the Moldavian rulers.

Цыгане в зеркале восточнославянских литератур (III-V)

Author(s): Valdemar Kalinin / Language(s): English,Romanian,Russian Issue: 2/2019

The article analyzes representations about the Roma people in the Russian, Belorussian, and Ukrainian literatures. The images of Roma in the literature were often built on the ground of the existing stereotypes. Roma arrived to the territory of the Russian Empire in the second half of XVIII century. In the early XIX century, they were for the first time described by some writers, musicians, and painters. The author accumulated a great number of novels, stories and poems, that were written by Russian, Belorussian, and Ukrainian writers and describes Roma. There were analyzed the dynamic of Roma images’ creating in the different periods of time.