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Propozycja procedury oceny zrównoważonego rozwoju w układzie presja – stan – reakcja w ujęciu przestrzennym

Author(s): Beata Bal-Domańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

The article discusses the proposal of the assessment procedure for both measurement and progress towards sustainable development for the aggregate of territorial units, considering changes over time and the spatial system for the set of indicators structured following the principle: from a problem to its solution (pressure – state – response). The analysis procedure can be used as the extension of possibilities offered by the analytical sets of indicators available in public databases dedicated to sustainable development monitoring of general nature or resulting from the needs of a particular strategic document.

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Pomiar preferencji konsumentów z wykorzystaniem metody Analytic Hierarchy Process

Author(s): Tomasz Bartłomowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

One of the methods using in the analysis of complex decision problems is a multicriterion hierarchical method of analyzing problems (Analytic Hierarchy Process – AHP). Like it happens in the decompositional approach, this method enables the fragmentation of the complex decision problem and the creation of final ranking. Assuming that the problem is the choice of the consumer, this means a potential opportunity to use AHP method to measure the consumers’ preferences. The main aim of the article is to present the usefulness of AHP method in measurement of consumers’ preferences. An example of application of the method was the measurement of buyers of mobile phones preferences. All calculations are based on R environment and packages of R program.

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Analiza skupień wybranych lokalnych rynków nieruchomości w Polsce z wykorzystaniem internetowych źródeł danych

Author(s): Maciej Beręsewicz,Marcin Szymkowiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

The main purpose of the article is to group and assess the degree of similarity between selected local real estate markets (cities) in Poland in terms of the average offer price per 1 square metre of apartment space. To achieve this goal the author of the study used data from real estate portals and those published by the National Bank of Poland and the Central Statistical Office. By taking into account two different types of data sources the author managed to identify a group of similar cities with respect to the average offer price per 1 m2 of apartment space. It was also possible to assess to what extent the grouping results based on Internet data are consistent with data published by official statistics. Given the character of available data, the author chose functions of distance used to measure similarity between time series and the method of complete linkage, which proved useful in identifying clusters of cities of interest that were similar in terms of the average offer price per 1 m2 of apartment space. The functions used in calculations were implemented in the TSclust Package in the R programme.

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Wybrane modele przeciętnego efektu oddziaływania w analizie procesu wychodzenia z bezrobocia

Author(s): Beata Bieszk-Stolorz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

The purpose of the article is to find out how the very fact and duration of the unemployment benefit spell affect the unemployment exit time and the employment intensity. The analysis is made on the basis of data acquired from the Regional Labour Office in Sulęcin under the EU project titled Analysis and Diagnosis of the Problem of Long-term Unemployment in the region of Sulęcin (Human Capital Operational Programme 2007– 2013). The analysis covers the unemployed individuals registered in 2009 and observed by the end of 2011. The study group is divided into the sub-groups of the unemployed who received and did not receive benefits as well as to those who were and were not at risk of long-term unemployment. We use the methods of estimating the average treatment effect (ATE), such as the regression-discontinuity analysis and the difference-in-differences estimation. The estimators of the analysed models’ parameters allowed us to determine the average differences in the employment exit time and in the employment intensity among the above distinguished groups of unemployed individuals.

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Modele IRT i modele Rascha w badaniach testowych

Author(s): Justyna Brzezińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

Item Response Theory (IRT) is an extension of Classical Test Theory (CCT) and focuses on how specific test items function in assessing construct. They are widely known models in psychological, medical, marketing and social sciences. One of the most popular IRT models is Rasch model used to separate the ability of test takers and the quality of the test. The main characteristic of IRT models, the Rasch model being the most prominent, concerns the separation of two kinds of parameters: one that describes qualities of subjects under investigation, the other relates to qualities of the situation under which the response of a subject is observed. Maximum likelihood estimation is used for parameter estimation. In this paper we present IRT analysis for binary data with the use of ltm package with rasch, ltm, tpm functions in R.

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Geograficznie ważona regresja jako narzędzie analizy poziomu rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego na przykładzie regionów Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Mariola Chrzanowska,Nina Drejerska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

Combination of issues connected with theories of endogenous growth with the new economic geography in research on socio-economic growth led to the development of the new economic geography and growth (NEGG). The method of geographically weighted regression is a proper analytical instrument within this approach, as it concerns factors coming from theories of endogenous growth (e.g. human or intellectual capital) as well as location of investigated objects. The paper presents analysis of a level of socio-economic development of regions in the European Union with the use of the geographically weighted regression. Gross Domestic Product in PPS per capita was used as a dependent variable whereas characteristics of human and intellectual capital were applied as independent variables. Presented research results indicate that it is reasonable to use models referring to spatial nonstationarity, as for example the geographically weighted regression.

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Zastosowanie analizy wrażliwości do oceny wpływu nieobserwowanej zmiennej w Propensity Score Matching

Author(s): Sabina Denkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

Propensity Score Matching (PSM) is a method recommended to evaluate projects and programmes co-financed by the European Union. It allows for the reduction of the selection bias while estimating the average treatment effect on treated (ATT). In experimental studies randomisation ensures balance of covariates between the treated and control groups, including unobserved ones. In observational studies an estimated effect can be caused not necessarily by the treatment, but may result from the lack of balance of a variable not accounted for in the study, which influences both the outcome and the selection process. Sensitivity analysis proposed by P.R. Rosenbaum allows for the assessment of the robustness of the treatment effect on the occurrence of such a potential unobserved confounder. The article presents the application of Rosenbaum’s bounds method to analyse (with the use of PSM) the robustness of the net effect of internships organised in 2013 by a District Employment Office in Małopolska.

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Zastosowanie analizy czynnikowej do wyodrębnienia aspektów zdrowia wpływających na jakość życia osób jąkających się

Author(s): Adam Depta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

In this paper an attempt was made to identify the hidden constructs influencing stutterers’ quality of life. The test group consisted of 126 people starting speech therapy in the years 2011–2015. Patients filled in the standardized QoL assessment questionnaire SF-36v2 Health Survey, intended to characterize health statistics in 8 aspects (subscales). The results were interpreted using the factor analysis. The discerned 5 factors displayed all positions belonging to the original theoretical subscales. The highest value of alfa-Cronbach coefficient was reached for the following subscales: role limitations due to physical problems and role limitation due to emotional problems, also high value was reached for mental health. Factor analysis provided information as to which hidden variables can be identified as determinants of the tested group’s QoL.

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Segmentacja konsumentów smartfonów na podstawie preferencji wyrażonych

Author(s): Marta Dziechciarz-Duda,Anna Izabella Król / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

The purpose of this article is to identify the preferences and purchase motives of smartphones’ consumers and classification of respondents on the basis of stated preferences. The analyses were conducted using data from the empirical research on consumer preferences with respect to various smartphone attributes. To identify the reasons for purchasing and consumer preferences conjoint analysis was employed. Classification of respondents was based on obtained utilities maesuring consumer reactions to specific profiles with the application of k-means method.

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Zmienne towarzyszące w ukrytym modelu Markowa – analiza oszczędności polskich gospodarstw domowych

Author(s): Ewa Genge / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

Latent Markov (LM) models represent an important class of models for the analysis of longitudinal data, especially when response variables are categorical. Those models are specially tailored to study the evolution of an individual characteristic of interest that is not directly observable. We applied the extended version of LM to find groups of Polish households’ with similar saving behaviour. We focused especially on the different covariates having influence on the initial and transition probabilities of the model. We analyzed data collected as part of the Polish Social Diagnosis using LMest package of R.

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Modelowanie wzrostu gospodarczego z wykorzystaniem narzędzi ekonometrii przestrzennej

Author(s): Joanna Górna,Karolina Górna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

In economic literature focused on determinants of economic growth there is an agreement about most important growth factors. There are indicated such determinants as: accumulation of physical capital, accumulation of human capital, savings, and scientific and technical knowledge. Relatively recently analyses of economic growth have been taking under consideration the role of geography and determinants related to it such as climate, location and area of considered region. The aim of this investigation is to signalize the possibilities of spatial econometrics because changes in one region have undeniable impact on other regions. Consequently, in the investigations spatial dependencies and construction and selection of neighborhood matrix will be emphasised.

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Wielowymiarowa analiza kompetencji zawodowych według grup wieku ludności

Author(s): Alicja Grześkowiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

The development of the professional competencies is a vital task in the era of the knowledge-based economy. The skills’ level and the competency gaps have become an important subject of research in the context of the aging Polish population and the projected changes in the labour force. The analysis of interdependencies of the competencies in relation to various age groups is presented in this paper. The analyses were carried out on the basis of the data from two surveys concerning Polish respondents (Study of Human Capital, Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies). The study was conducted in two directions using the information on the declared level of the competencies and the indicators of their use at work. Due to the specific structure of the data, the multiple factor analysis was applied to identify relations. The research reveals some associations among the competencies, their use and the age of the respondents.

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Problem ustalania współrzędnych obiektów modelowych w metodach porządkowania liniowego obiektów

Author(s): Agnieszka Kozera,Feliks Wysocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of the results of linear ordering of objects and identification of developmental types of complex phenomena based on the TOPSIS method and three approaches to determination of the coordinates of model objects, i.e. the classic approach, the positional approach based on Weber’s spatial median, and the quartile approach which is suggested in this article. The article presents the suggested approach with the case study concerning the construction of a synthetic measure and identification of the types of financial self-sufficiency in rural communes of Wielkopolska province in 2013.

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Lokalna ocena mocy dyskryminacyjnej zmiennych

Author(s): Mariusz Kubus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

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Analiza wydźwięku polskojęzycznych opinii konsumenckich ukierunkowanych na cechy produktu

Author(s): Paweł Lula,Katarzyna Wójcik,Janusz Tuchowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

The drawback of the kNN method is its sensitivities on irrelevant variables. K. Kira and L.A. Rendell and I. Kononenko have proposed a filter which evaluates variable importance using local information. A practical problem of the use of their algorithm is the choice of parameters (the number of iterations, the number of nearest neighbors and the threshold). In this paper we empirically verify the algorithm using real data and artificially generated variables without discrimination power. Consumer reviews are a special type of text documents due to their content – their main purpose is not to provide objective information, but to show a subjective attitude of its authors to the product or its components. The attitude presented in the opinion is called overtones. Opinion may refer to a product as a whole or its components. The aim of the paper is to present the authors’ method for automatic evaluation of features-concentrated opinions overtones. This task is realized by analyzing the words in the direct neighbourhood of the product’s characteristics found in the text. Sentiments of distinguished product’s components identified on the basis of opinion can be assigned to the appropriate parts of the product description tree and then processed according to the purpose of analysis.

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Ocena sytuacji finansowej jednostek samorządu terytorialnego z wykorzystaniem rozmytych metod klasyfikacji i programu R

Author(s): Aleksandra Łuczak,Agnieszka Kozera,Feliks Wysocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

The aim of the study was to present the possibilities of using fuzzy classification methods to identify the types of development financial condition of local governments in the counties of Wielkopolska province in 2013. In the paper two methods of the fuzzy classification based on iterative-optimization algorithms were used: the C-means method (leading to the spherical classification) and the C-medoids method which is an extension of the idea of an algorithm of fuzzy C-means method and has a reduced sensitivity to outliers, which is important in the analysis of financial data. The study was conducted using statistical program R.

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Badanie stabilności taksonomicznej czynnikowej metody odległości probabilistycznej

Author(s): Dorota Rozmus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

Factorial clustering methods have been developed in recent years thanks to the improving of computational power. They have been proposed in order to cluster large datasets, where large is referred to the number of variables. The factor probability distance clustering method performs a linear transformation of original variables into a reduced number of orthogonal ones and in the next step it clusters transformed data by means of probability distance method. This method can significantly improve the algorithm performance; moreover large datasets can be partitioned into clusters with increasing stability of the results. The main aim of this article is a study of stability of the factor probability distance clustering method.

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Conjoint analysis oparta na modelach IRT w zagadnieniu optymalizacji produktów bankowych

Author(s): Justyna Brzezińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

Conjoint measurement and conjoint analysis have common underlying psychometric and statistical assumption concerning axioms of additivity and two-way frame of reference in preference measurement. However, whereas the former concept is widely used in fundamental measurement of subject times × object times dominance structures as in IRT and Rasch measurement models, the latter is utilized in a broad familiy of object times object dominance structures in both compositional (i.e. Thurestone case III and V) as well as decompositional preference measurement models. These two traditions are rarely combined in one measurement model and research design that integrates subject times × object times object measurement. Empirical analysis will be based on the resarch on banking products prefferences among family members.

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O szacowaniu centrum populacji określonego obszaru na przykładzie Polski

Author(s): Michał Stachura / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

Centrographic methods not only serve to carry out demographic analyses or to recognise types of settlement networks, but also they provide such tools that may assist in planning and decision making.The paper deals with a centre of population that is the point to which the whole population of a given territory has the smallest possible sum of distances. The main goal of the paper is to propose an approximate and effective numerical method that leads to determine the centre of population of a given territory. This method relies on a multiple simulation of a start point of the carried optimisation problem. According to this idea, the centre of population of Poland has been determined with reference to the division of Poland into communes or municipalities. An auxiliary goal of the paper is to analyse systems of k centres of population, which is understood as such k points of a territory that the sum of distances, measured from every citizen to his or her closest centre, is minimal.

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Zastosowanie modeli klas ukrytych w badaniu opinii respondentów na temat roli państwa w gospodarce

Author(s): Lucyna Wojcieska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 427/2016

The aim of the article is to present the respondents’ opinion survey on the role of the country in the economy with regard to Poland by: indicating the dominant concepts (socialism, interventionism, liberalism and Keynesianism), respondents’ segmentation, characteristics influence on belonging to classes. Gathering of empirical data on the basis of the conducted survey was subcontracted to ResearchOnline company. Subjective scope covered 991 respondents, while the objetive one – 11 892 observations of 12 variables of the observed set measured on dichotomous scale. Models of latent class models and models of latent class regression were used. The estimation was conducted by means of poLCA package and the R project. The conclusions were given: in the light of the informational criteria the most adequate model is a division of the surveyed group into 4 classes according to their contribution: 1–31%, 2–26%, 3–6%, 4–37%; in the class 1, 2 dominates the conviction that the state should play the role of the welfare state by means ofincreasing the minimum wage and extension of the social system (socialism) as well as creating new national companies (Keynesianism); class 3 respondents support the idea of liberal economy; class 4 is dominated by “undecided” respondents; none of the covariates significantly influences on the respondents’ belonging to particular classes.

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