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Once Аgain on Slavic *gluxъ, *glupъ and *glumъ

Author(s): Bilyana Mihaylova / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2012

The article deals with the Slavic words *gluxъ ‘deaf’, *glupъ ‘stupide’ and *glumъ, *gluma ‘idle talk, mockery; noise; amusement’. It is well known that the notions of ‘dumb’/‘deaf’ and ‘stupid’ are related in many languages. The author follows St. Mladenov’s view that these lexemes go back to IE *ghlew- ‘joy, frolic, joke, play’, but reconsiders it from the semantic point of view. According to her opinion the basic meaning of the root is ‘noise, rumble, rumbling sound’. This assumption is supported by OIcel. glymja ‘to resonate’ and MHG glumen ‘to resound, boom, rumble’. The root *ghlew- has undergone a specific semantic evolution in Slavic: ‘rumbling sound’ > ‘loud and incomprehensible speech; prattle, gibberish’ > ‘inability to speak, dumbness, dumb’. The primary sense of Common Slavic *gluma, *glumъ < IE *ghlow-m- is not ‘joke’ or ‘idle talk, vaunting’, but ‘incomprehensible speech, stammering’ from which evolved the meaning ‘unable to speak, dumb’, cf. S.Cr. glȗm, glúma, glúmo which signifies ‘deaf-and-dumb’.

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Thracian Тoponyms in Inscriptions of Late Antiquity

Author(s): Albena Mircheva / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2012

Several local names are attested as of a certain or probable Thracian origin in Greek and Latin inscriptions from the 4-6th centuries A.D. in the territory of contemporary Bulgaria. The following paper summarizes and supplements the information about their origin, distribution and use. The names Βειθ[υ...]- μίης and Ζυακοζρερων are observed from the point of view of word formation and their Thracian origin is very possible. Κοκελωνε[ων], Δηζικα, Γερεα, Artacia, Calso are toponyms located in the hub of Thrace and they have parallels with other similar Thracian names as Κοκκος, Διζας, Γέρραι, Ἀρτάκης. The research of the linguistic facts and circumstantial evidence of the focused names confirms their Thracian origin and they can be attributed to the Thracian onomastic fund.

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Militärisch–politische Handlungen von Marcus Licinius Crassus und Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus in der zweiten Hälfte des 1. Jh.v.Chr.

Author(s): Plamen Petkov / Language(s): German Issue: 19/2012

In 29-28 BC Marcus Licinius Crassus conquered Thrace and actually creates a Roman province. But conquest is not recognized by Rome and Augustus. The conquest of the Dacian kingdom of Burebista remains as a legacy of Gaius Julius Caesar. In addition August nobody has the right to claim the conqueror of Dacia. Marcus Licinius Crassus that affects the reputation and rights of August, was sentenced to oblivion - unrealized contender. Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus probably fought twice against Dacian by order of August - once before 23 BC, which is noted by Horace, and again between 18-16 BC, which is noted by Annaeus Florus. He was consul and received triumphal honors for his actions against the barbarians who are not permanently defeated. Their conquest leaves in August oneself, but they remain unconquered till 106 AD – 150 years after the initial intentions of Gaius Julius Caesar to fight against Burebista.

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Once Again on the Antique Name of the River Arda

Author(s): Svetlana Yanakieva / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2012

The paper deals with the identification of the present day river Arda in Thrace. Contemporary studies offer for it four different names, known from ancient sources: Ἁρπησσός, Ἄρζος, Ἀρτησκός and Ἀρτάκης. Despite the appearance of Arda as Ἁρπησσός in the Barrington Atlas (map No. 51) this could not be the Thracian name of the river because the distance between Arda and Philippi is much greater than the one day-long journey between Ἁρπησσός and Philippi in Appianus’ text. The author supports D. P. Dimitrov’s and V. Velkov’s view that Arda is Ἀρτάκης in the Continuator of Theophanes’ text, but rejects Velkovs opinion that the name Ἀρτάκης is a variant of Ἀρτησκός. According to the authers opinion Arteskos should refer either to a confluent of Ergene (the present-day Teke River) or to some coastal river the estuary of which could not be further than the bay of Burgas to the north. As most probable seems that Ἀρτησκός could apply to present-day Fakiyska River.

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Bogdana Suchodolskiego koncepcja uspołecznienia kultury a marksizm

Author(s): Florian Nowicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2015

This paper presents Bogdan Suchodolski’s (1903–1992) general programme of socialization of the culture and pedagogical programme of creation „the new man”. The main question is: is this conception a marxist’s „programme maximum”? And, if not, what’s the marxist’s „programme maximum” in the subject of culture (in the wider meaning), and what’s the main goal of the marxist’s pedagogics? Is it a programme of humanization of the work, or a programme of egalitarian „kingdom of freedom”, where everybody are an artists? What’s the role of pedagogics in preapering to future „kingdom of freedom”? Could be Suchodolski’s pedagogics usefull in this area? Although Suchodolski’s vision of culture based on optimistic presumptions according possibility of the future humanization of the work, one of the most important goal of his pedagogical programme is preapering to creativity activity during free time and popularization of non-instrumental style of life (also, non-instrumental attitude to the knowledge). The author tries to reconstruct of evolution of Suchodolski’s conception of the future, and suggests, that late Suchodolski modifies his old views on the possibility of radical dezalienation of the work.

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Wokół welfare economics Oskara Langego

Author(s): Mariusz Baranowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2015

The main aim of this paper is the reconstruction of the position of Oskar Lange onwelfare economics in the context of contemporary discussion on the relationshipbetween perfect competition markets and economic efficiency (usually conceptualizedby Pareto optimum). It will also look at the contribution to the achievementsof Polish economist in terms of the development of economic thought andtheory of socialism

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Gospodarka planowa w ujęciu Michała Kaleckiego

Author(s): Paweł Szelegieniec / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2015

This article attempts to present the question of ideas of Polish heterodox economist Michał Kalecki on the planned economies and general problems with capitalist and postcapitalistsystems. To analyze the problem I start with Kalecki’s theory of capitalist crisis,question of effective demand and full employment, and then describe the quasi-model ofdemocratic planned economy. Next, I focus on relations of workers’ self-managementwith central planning and motivation problems under state-run economy. I also put onagenda the so-called shortage problem, analyzed by the Kalecki’s supporter, Andrea Szego,in opposition to neo-classical approach of Hungarian economist Janos Kornai.

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Róża Luksemburg i bunt mas

Author(s): Ewa Kochan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2015

The subject of this article is the concept of the masses in the social theory of Rosa Luxemburg.In this approach the masses are a big collective and a subject of social transformation,and the revolution. These masses also possess a specific wisdom (social andpolitical instinct) and they act spontaneously. In this article I also present the positionsof Luxemburg’s critics and my own opinion about the meaning of her theory. It is myopinion that Rosa Luxemburg’s concept should be viewed as a „transistional moment”,and as a necessary requirement for a marxist theory of ideology and social consciousness.

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Dziedzictwo luksemburgizmu a kwestia niepodległości Polski

Author(s): Michał Siermiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2015

Communist Party of Poland was clearly indifferent to the matter of polish independency.In order to describe and explain the attitude of polish communists movement directlyafter the first world war one may look at the heritage of Rosa Luxemburg. In the article itis shown that her hostility to the independency of Poland is bound to her resistance to thenationalistic ideology of PPS. The whole discussion between PPS and Rosa Luxemburgis presented in details. At the end author showed that attitude of Rosa Luxemburg wasmore reasonable in given context.

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Stanowisko Józefa Piłsudskiego wobec marksizmu w korespondencji oraz Pismach zbiorowych

Author(s): Andrzej Wojtaszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2015

At the turn of the century. Socialist ideas were very popular, especially among youth. Itwas no different among Poles living under occupation. Young Józef Pilsudski socialistconcepts associated with the possibility of fighting for independence of the Republic.He read socialist literature, the Capital of Karl Marx, whose content is not treated as theonly interpretation of the understanding of socialism. We can assume that he doesn’t fullyunderstand Marx’s proposed economic solutions. Certainly he wasn’t one of the theoristsof Marxism. Socialism for Pilsudski was not a goal but a means to implement the mostimportant of target – Independent Republic.

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Lewą naprzód.

Author(s): Sławomir Czapnik,Katarzyna Duda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2015

This paper shows the analysis of the Zygmunt Bauman’s thought in his marxist period (1960s). Article starts with Bauman’s statement on importance of social sciences andhumanities in the building of socialist Poland’s Peoples Republic. Then author analyzescategory of „ideology”, a four main modern ideologies: conservative, liberal, ideologyof christianity and communist. Next chapter is focused on the issue of class warfare.This paper contains also general characteristics of terms „alienation” and „commodityfetishism” in Marxian thought. Young Bauman was communist and radical follower ofthe marxism. In conclusion, author in short underlines, that ideology could be helpful inscientific enterprise, but only, if thinker is consciously choosing ideology and knows itsstrong and weak sides.

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Polski zombie-proletariat. Polityczna rekompozycja klasy

Author(s): Łukasz Moll / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2015

The main goal of the paper is to show, that Marxist vocabulary can still be relevant in thedebate on Polish transition and helpful to establish new recomposition of the workingclass, that will be more effective as political subject. Political recomposition of proletariatis treated here as a main condition of ability for Polish society to make history it’s ownsubject again. The paper also contains: some methodological insights on the conditionsof Marxism’s relevancy today; overview of some narratives on Polish transition fromMarxist perspective; and my own proposal to treat the transition as a part of new wave ofglobal enclosures, which is the essence of neoliberalism.

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Dyskursywna orientacja badawcza i jej Marksowskie inspiracje

Author(s): Magdalena Ozimek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2015

Questions about the specifics of bulding of socio-political sphere phenomenon, lied at thedawn of countless attempts of systematization of knowledge over this subject, and of constructingthe axioms, responding to efforts to enucleate of algorithm, ruling the dynamicsof this sphere. One of such examples is discoursive research orientation. It was an effectof series of transformations inside social sciences during XXth century. Nonetheless, itsprogram was not completely utilized by researchers achivements. I would like to expressthe conviction that primary catalogue of inspirations derives from rich achivements ofMarxist thought. As node points of those considerations I take four inspirations: socialpractices, ideology, power and the political, outside of institutionalized politics frames.I do not treat these cathegories separately – because its reach intertwines, often as a consequences.Focusing on such subject of the following article, I therefore try to point out

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Marksizm i socjalizm w XXI wieku

Author(s): Zbigniew Wiktor / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2015

The collapse of „real socialism” in b. The USSR and European countries in the 90s of thetwentieth century strengthened the counter-revolution, global capitalism and imperialism.Capitalism has entered the era of globalization and subsequent crises that overcomes inEurope through integration, while globally by a new wars. The contradictions of the capitalist, big unemployment, crises, wars and class antagonisms between the bourgeoisie (oligarchy) and the proletariat (prekariatem), the imperialiststates and the countries of the so-called. 3rd world contribute to the growth ofanti-capitalist forces, including the international communist movement and the search fora new intake of scientific socialism – suitable for the conditions of the knowledge society,globalization and the contradictions of the 21st century.In China and Cuba created new theories which Marxism matched to local conditionsfor growth. In the international communist movement takes place a multilateral discussionon contemporary Marxism and socialism of the XXI century. The basic problem isto define the main force of the revolutionary, socialist market economy, diversity andunity of the communist movement, the possibility of unity and cooperation communists,socialists and social democrats.

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Konsumpcja jako źródło alienacji w teorii szkoły frankfurckiej

Author(s): Łukasz Iwasiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2015

The paper presents in detail the views on consumption of the classics of Frankfurt School:Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Erich Fromm, Herbert Marcuse. They argued thatin capitalist society not only work, but also the market consumption – although takenvoluntarily and bringing consumers satisfaction – becomes a source of alienation. Theyconceived alienation as depriving individuals of some fundamental aspect of humanity(individualism, creative potential, critical thinking). While in Marx’s theory means ofproduction belonged to the capitalist class, which controlled them, on the grounds ofFrankfurt School discourse means of consumption are supervised by increasingly anonymous, reified system, whose unwitting creator, and at the same time a victim, is each consumer.In this perspective, all members of capitalist society are subjected to oppressiveideology of consumerism, which is a kind of false consciousness.

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Jasieński na lewo.

Author(s): Michał Nikodem / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2015

In my article I present a short, historical overview of the literary works of Bruno Jasieński,put in a chronological order and seen from the Marxist perspective. I refer to the statementson Jasieński’s oeuvre made by Polish Marxist critics both before and after WWIIand present their judgments about his books. I adopt a three-part division of Jasieńskilife and works proposed by Krzysztof Jaworski. Firstly, I focus on what can be called asa futuristic and salon socialism period. In this part I analyze Jaśnieński’s poetical debut –But w butonierce, a volume widely seen as being strongly influenced by the Russian Ego- Futurism. I also present a brief overview of the role played by Jasieński in the unificationof Polish futurist movement. Finally, I refer to Pieśń o głodzie, a narrative poem in whichJasieński combined futuristic and socialist inspirations, effectively inventing a new kind

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Zmienność inwersji temperatury powietrza nad Krakowem w świetle warunków cyrkulacyjnych

Author(s): Angelika Palarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 138/2014

Temperature inversion is a phenomenon in which air temperature increases with altitude. The studies on air temperature inversions in Cracow were based on various data and methods e.g. data from standard and automatic meteorological stations, radiosonde observations, lidar and sodar measurements. They showed the annual and diurnal variability of temperature inversions, but most of them did not investigate the multi-annual trends in the occurrence of temperature inversions. Due to the relationship between meteorological conditions and air quality, it is important to study the multi-annual, annual and diurnal variability of air temperature inversions. The main aim of this article is to determine the multi-annual variability of air temperature inversions in Cracow and its relation to synoptic situation. Moreover, the annual and diurnal variability of temperature inversions is shown. The study is based on data derived from NCEP - NCAR reanalysis and the classification of synoptic situation types by T. Niedźwiedź. In this paper two parameters of inversions are presented – frequency and intensity. The study confirmed that the frequency and intensity of inversions have annual and diurnal variation. Multi-annual changes in the numbers of days with temperature inversion were also observed – a statistically significant increase in the 1000 – 925 hPa layer as well as in the intensity of temperature inversions – a statistically significant increase in the 1000 – 925 hPa, 1000 – 850 hPa and 925 – 850 hPa layers. It was proved that a very strong relationship exists between the days with temperature inversion and the anticyclonic situation, especially with the air-flow from south, south-west and south-east.

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Zmiany cech fizycznych i chemicznych wód źródeł w zlewni Potoku Chochołowskiego (Tatry Zachodnie)

Author(s): Anna Wolanin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 138/2014

The purpose of this paper is to describe the variability of the physical and chemical characteristics of springwater in the Chochołowski Potok catchment. Eleven springs were selected for research purposes. The research was performed from November 2008 to October 2009. Ca 2+ was found as the most common cation, and HCO 3 – was the most common anion in the analysed springwater. The spatial variability of the physical and chemical parameters depends on the geology of an area. Most of the physical and chemical properties of springwater are characterized by seasonal variability. Only a few seasonal differences of the physical and chemical parameters of water are statistically significant (ANOVA). The seasonal changes in springwater chemistry are characterized by high ion concentrations during dry periods in the autumn and winter and low ion concentrations during snowmelt and rainfall-induced floods during the spring and summer. Four factors controlling the physical and chemical properties of springwater were identified.

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Wykorzystanie eksperymentu terenowego w badaniach erozji wodnej gleb w zlewni Chwalimskiego Potoku (Pojezierze Drawskie, górna Parsęta)

Author(s): Mikołaj Majewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 138/2014

Stationary research upon soil erosion has been conducted in the Chwalimski Potok catchment since 2012 as a continuation of research started in 1994. In 2013 conducted two field experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the impact of high intensity rainfall on soil surface. The first experiment consisted of 5 and the second of 4 rainfall simulations. The rainfall was created by using a purpose-built rain simulator, consisting of 3 and 6 sprinklers placed around the testing plot. The paper focuses on the characterization of the course of these experiments. The achieved results compared with the results from the hydrological years 2012 and 2013 show that slope wash considerably increases during rainfall of high intensity and high amount.

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Autorytet króla w traktacie De institutione regii pueri

Author(s): Piotr Oliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2016

The article is an analysis of the views expressed by an anonymous author of the treatise De institutione regii pueri concerning the authority of the monarch. The treatise was written at the end of 1502 on the occasion of the expected birth of Władysław Jagiellończyk and Anna de Foix’s son. The treatise made references to the educational model created at the beginning of the Humanism period in Italy. Suggestions included in the treatise were supposed to build up the majesty of the ruler. The presented model may be considered to be traditional. The ruler – in that model – thanks to the characteristicsacquired in the process of education was supposed to gain a positive reception on part of his subjects.

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