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Economic consequences of keeping peace in Afghanistan through Indonesian soft power approach

Author(s): Arief Rachman / Language(s): English / Issue: 5-6/2022

Keywords: Soft Power; Peacebuilding; Board Count; Diplomatic Relations; Economic Consequences;

This study aims to determine the steps of the Indonesian Government in realizing peace in Afghanistan with a soft power approach and also economic consequences. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. Data was obtained utilizing observation and literature study. This research was conducted over two years of 2020 and 2021 on Indonesia’s soft power efforts in Afghanistan. This study involved six policy makers in Indonesian foreign policy, especially soft power and soft diplomacy in Afghanistan. Respondents were asked to assess the various strategies Indonesia had undertaken to use soft power in Afghanistan to maintain world peace due to the rise of terrorism issues. The results show that Indonesia has a few strategies through a soft power approach in maintaining peace in Afghanistan. First, the two heads of state held a meeting. Second, the two KBRI institutions discussed with research institutions, Afghan community leaders, and the Indonesian embassy in Indonesia held a meeting with the Afghan scholar movement and the Peace Council. These three strategies can have a good impact on peace in Afghanistan.

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Economic analysis and investment in fuel industry considering risk management by analytical hierarchy process

Author(s): Anna Gustina Zainal,Habibullah Djimad,- Rudy,Wulan Suciska,Gita Paramita Djausal / Language(s): English / Issue: 5-6/2022

Keywords: Economic Analysis; Fuel Economy; Risks; Gas Pipelines; Multi-Criteria Decision Making; Analytical Hierarchy Process;

Natural Gas production and distribution network plans are one of the most common ways to increase energy consumption efficiency. Due to the uncertainty of the economic parameters, the economic justification of this system is very difficult. In this research, the economic risk of investing in urban gas distribution systems has been done with the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). With the development and condensation of urban gas supply networks, accidents caused by gas leaks and other external factors have also increased. Therefore, in recent years, the issue of safety and risk analysis of urban gas networks has received special attention from responsible companies and other urban and safety experts. Gas distribution lines often pass in the vicinity of crowded areas and buildings, so any accident for these lines will lead to a lot of human and financial losses. In the present study, in order to improve the gas supply situation and reduce the risk of failure in Indonesia, urban gas pipelines have been studied to reduce the costs. In this paper, multi-criteria decision making method analysis is used to identify and evaluate the hazards of urban gas pipelines and the risk of occurrence of each hazard is calculated. There was a meaningful relationship based on economic-financial theories between economic factors and investment risk in the gas industry, which emphasizes the greater and more significant effect of exchange rate, failures and inflation rate variables in comparison with other research variables in the matter of controlling investment risk in the gas industry. The effects of changes in energy prices and the economic environment in explaining the behavior of investment risk in this industry have placed the next level of importance. The results showed that with the increase in energy prices, the economics of gas production and distribution risk management plans have improved and the regular trend of energy price increases can guarantee the profitability of fuel consumption optimization plans.

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Strategies to improve entrepreneurship skills of youth considering the business and industry effects

Author(s): Wawan Hardiyanto,Ihat Hatimah,Uyu Wahyudin,Asep Saepudin,- Nurajizah / Language(s): English / Issue: 5-6/2022

Keywords: Entrepreneurship Skills; Business; Industry; Education Factory;

Education-industry collaboration is a win-win learning and business strategy. Collaborative methods used include entrepreneurial internships and educational factory learning. The purpose of this study was to measure the effectiveness of the school-business partnership model through training and work-based learning. This type of research is structured as descriptive quantitative research. This is a data collection method using a questionnaire-style survey tool distributed to respondents with a total sample of 110 students. The findings show that, as educational institutions, schools should be able to produce graduates with skills that meet the needs of business and industry. Schools must be able to make their curricula viable, sustainable and industry relevant. The data results show that there is a positive and significant influence on improving entrepreneurship skills through entrepreneurship internship and teaching factory learning.

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Virtual team communication to improve employees’ financial well-being and task performance

Author(s): Zainal Arifin,Meldasari Said,Laila Refiana Said / Language(s): English / Issue: 5-6/2022

Keywords: Employee Preferences; Organizational Support; Virtual Team Communication; Task Performance; Financial Well-being

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced almost all countries in the world to implement lockdowns. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is work from home. This study examines employee preferences and organizational support directly and indirectly through virtual teamwork communication on employee task performance and Financial Well-being. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The study involved 156 employees working in education, telecommunications, transportation and health in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Sampling was carried out randomly among employees in the research department. The reliability of the research tool is above the acceptable level with Cronbach’s alpha above 0.70. The data analysis used is path analysis. The results showed that employee preferences and organizational support had a direct effect on Financial Well-being and task performance. Virtual team communication can mediate influence in enhancing the relationship between employee preferences and organizational support. The research implication shows that well-functioning virtual team communication can contribute to improved work performance as well as Financial Well-being. Therefore, collaborative support is needed, both individual and organizational support.

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A socio-economic analysis of the role of medical drones in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic

Author(s): Niko Azhari Hidayat,Abed Nego Okthara Sebayang,- Jumintono / Language(s): English / Issue: 5-6/2022

Keywords: Medical Drone; Financial Circumstances; COVID-19; Medical Transportation; Social Distancing;

Coronavirus is a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from mild to severe symptoms. The high and fast transmission rate causes all activities in various fields, including the health and economic sector, to be carried out with caution. Different technologies are also developed to support health workers’ performance and financial circumstances, including drones in multiple aspects of medical needs ranging from delivering drugs and medical devices to carrying out vital sign checks. This study uses a qualitative descriptive. Data was obtained utilizing observation and literature study. Medical drones have a strategic role in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic, starting from the enforcement of social distancing programs, COVID-19 transport specimens to disinfection facilities in large areas. Medical drones are the latest technology in the medical field that helps medical performance improve healthcare service quality. The use of drones in the health sector needs to be further developed.

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Texture features extraction technology using grey level co-occurrence matrix for the k-nearest neighbor classification of citrus disease: an agro-economic analysis

Author(s): Wilis Kaswidjanti,Hidayatulah Himawan,Galih Wangi Putri / Language(s): English / Issue: 5-6/2022

Keywords: Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix; K-Nearest Neighbour; Classification; Extraction Technology; Agro-economic Analysis;

The citrus disease is a problem affecting the decrease of agricultural commodity yields. One way to determine disease in citrus is through the leaves. Leaves, as a place for photosynthesis, with the disease will cause stunted plant growth. This study revolves around an Agro-economic Analysis to classify citrus diseases based on leaf images by applying the Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) extraction technology using K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). To meet that aim, Otsu Thresholding segmentation is carried out to separate the disease’s image from the healthy leaves. This experiment was carried out in Yogyakarta, Indonesia over the year 2020, and 345 leaves were collected and divided into three classes: canker, greening, and healthy. Citrus disease classification has four main stages, namely pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. Comparisons are made based on the normalization of the dataset and the KNN distance used. Given the results, dataset without normalization gets the best results with Hassanat distance KNN (k = 29) with an accuracy of 91.86%. A dataset with normalization receives the best results at Euclidean distance (k = 7) with an accuracy of 98.84%. These results affirm the efficiency of this the method in distinguishing diseases. As a result, this study can contribute to improving the quality of crops and reducing unnecessary expenses of pesticides, and finally could play a role in the economics of development.

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The effect of the quality of local government financial reports on corruption moderated with the audit findings

Author(s): - Aminah,Djoko Suhardjanto,- Rahmawati,Jaka Winarna / Language(s): English / Issue: 5-6/2022

Keywords: Quality of Financial Reports; Corruption; Financial Audit System; Financial Management;

The study examines the effect of the Quality of Local Government Financial Reports (LKPD) on corruption moderated by audit findings. The study was conducted on all provincial governments in Indonesia. Corruption is measured by data on corruption cases in the Attorney General’s Office. The audit findings are evaluated using weaknesses in the Information Control System (SPI) and discoveries of non-compliance with laws and regulations. This research use data regression, model testing, hypothesis testing, and coefficient of determination. The results reveal that the LKPD’s quality had a negative and significant impact on corruption. This analysis states that if the quality of LKPD increases by 1%, corruption will decrease by 0.80%. The audit findings strengthen the relationship between the quality of LKPD on corruption. This finding supports the agency theory and stewardship theory. Therefore, the provincial government should improve the quality of LKPD to minimize audit findings and corruption.

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EVALUATION OF IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTENT OF THE SELECTED INDIVIDUALIZED PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS

Author(s): Urška Kužner Kačar / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Children with special needs; individualized program (IP); goals; evaluation; cooperation; global assessment

During our education, each of us met peers who had learning difficulties or who responded in a different and incomprehensible to us way. Children, who today are defined by the single term children with special needs, have a greater chance of being successful, gaining this through the planned introduction of inclusion in our school system. In this way, Slovenian education has opened up space for those children who deviate from what society defines as normal. Everyone deserves inclusion, in the process of which we are interested in the position of people who are considered marginal in a given society. The words ethics, justice and solidarity are associated with the concept of inclusion. Inclusion should go beyond integration, it is not just about physically bringing together children without problems and children with problems, it is about going beyond ideologies. Inclusion is therefore a complex process that cannot succeed overnight. All employees at a school must strive for it, because only with cooperation and acceptance will we take a step forward. An important part of the treatment of a student with special needs is also the preparation of an individualized program. The article explains the creation of an individualized program, the collection of documentation, the recording of a functioning assessment, the planning of goals, evaluations and cooperation in the preparation of the program with professionals, parents, and the child.

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SUPPORTING PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILD’S DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-ESTEEM THROUGH SOCIAL SKILL TRAINING

Author(s): Veronika Tepež Tratnik / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: development; social skills; personality traits; self-esteem; activities

The aim of this research article is to bring theory of child's development through primary school and theory of social skills training into practice. Knowing the background of child's development, can provide us with an answer on their current development milestones and how to support them and their needs. Our focus was on their social skills, more specifically character education. We hypothesize, that children with better knowledge of their personality traits, which can be developed through social skills training, generally perform better in school (academically, emotionally, behaviourally). We selected five activities that promote the targeted topic and carried them out among students from 4th to 7th grade. Class teachers were additionally involved in training with their students, as they were responsible for transferring methods of self-esteem promotion through strengthening individuals’ personality traits in everyday school activities. Character education is used as starting point for further self-esteem enhancement.

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DEVELOPING AN INTERCULTURAL CURRICULUM - AN OVERVIEW OF THE POSSIBILITIES OF ITS APPLICATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL’S DAILY LIFE

Author(s): Bujar Adili,Gezm XHAMBAZI / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: intercultural education; curriculum; teaching; teacher; student

Intercultural education should promote and develop a better understanding of cultures in modern society, an increased ability to communicate between people of different cultures, a much more flexible attitude towards cultural diversity in society, a greater willingness of people to engage actively in social interaction with people from another cultural origin, as well as the recognition of the basic features of human nature as something common. Thus, the basic goal of intercultural education will be to promote and develop the capacities of those who learn about mutual interaction and communication with the world around them, even when differences are present. To achieve all this through teaching in schools, concrete measures should be taken such as: learning to be based on cultural and linguistic diversity, to include a range of different cultural knowledge, experiences and perspectives in the curriculum, to celebrate, value and learn the history and life of different cultures and indigenous peoples, visits to culturally important places and intercultural experiences. Institutions must also ensure education that is historically accurate, impartial, and culturally appropriate.

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AN EXAMPLE OF MULTISENSORY TEACHING IN THE SUBJECT SOCIETY IN THE 5th GRADE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL IN SLOVENIA

Author(s): Urša Batis Savnik / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: multisensory teaching; learning styles; visual type; kinesthetic type; auditory type.

All of us who work with students (both younger and older) know that teaching is a demanding and responsible job. From teachers it requires love and understanding of students and of the learning material, dedication to work and, finally, a vision from which they can draw energy in moments of weakness and uncertainty. An essential part of a teacher's development is lifelong learning that takes place in various ways: through research, articles, books, contributions, and mutual exchange of opinions with experts from similar fields of work and activity. In a way, we spread our awareness of changes in the society and are aware of the needs that the modern world demands from us and the future adults we are now teaching. Teaching in the modern world cannot take place in a formal way but it is necessary to understand the results of research done in the field of human development which suggests a different way of teaching with the aim of achieving the most optimal results. The article is divided into four substantive parts: in the first part, I devote myself to the theoretical explanation of the modern way of teaching and why understanding changes is necessary. Then I explain the importance of the multisensory teaching method and define the learning types of students and their characteristics. This will be followed by an explanation of the importance of teacher preparation for the multisensory way of teaching. I will present an example of preparation for teaching in the subject society in the 5th grade of primary school, where I will describe my method of inclusion and consideration of the principle of multisensory. In the evaluation, I will summarize my opinion about the lesson and conclude my article by dwelling on the positive sides of the mentioned teaching method.

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PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN'S BEHAVIOR AND THE RESPONSES OF SOCIETY

Author(s): Vaska Zdravkova / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: children; behavioral problems; multiple points of view; qualitative methodology

The purpose of the publication is to get acquainted with the many points of view of various stakeholders on the emergence, course, and changes in the behavior of children in the Republic of North Macedonia today and the ways in which society copes with this phenomenon and the effectiveness of social interventions. A quality research methodology was applied and interviews and focus groups were conducted with a total of 85 participants (children, parents, teachers, experts, journalists, and decision-makers). The data were processed according to the principles of qualitative thematic analysis, and the results provided answers to the research questions. In this research, the multi-perspective proved important for understanding how the phenomenon is understood, its origin and consequences, and identifying what does not work, that is, in part, and what needs to be done to mitigate the phenomenon.

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Relationship Between Underemployment and Turnover Intention

Author(s): Ahmet Güney,Harun SIÇRAR / Language(s): English / Issue: 20/2023

Keywords: Employment; underemployment; overqualification; turnover intention;

This study aims to investigate the relationships between all sizes of underemployment and turnover intention. The data obtained using the survey method were analyzed by statistical methods such as Exploratory Factor Analysis, Kruskal Wallis H, Mann Whitney U, Spearman Correlation Analysis. It was concluded that the turnover intention scores of those who work in jobs whose average weekly working hours are not compatible with their preferred working hours, who are involuntary part-time and temporary or of limited term, who receive less wages than their previous jobs, and which are not suitable for their education level, are higher. The empirical results show a significant and positive link between overqualificationunderemployment and turnover intention. All the study’s hypotheses were accepted, and implications were discussed.

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Secularization of Interest in Early Christianity: A Sociological Analysis of Economic Institutions

Author(s): Onur DÜNDAR / Language(s): English / Issue: 20/2023

Keywords: Economic thought; economic sociology; secularization of interest;

In this paper investigates the traces of financial institutionalization in early Christianity with a focus on halalization (secularization) of the concept of interest. Secularization is being discussed in the context of monasticism since the period in focus is early Christianity. In the study, monasticism is classified into three types: Classical, Cenobitic, and Benedictine. For its research purposes, the study employs qualitative methods like using a case study design. In addition, primary and secondary sources are reviewed to obtain data. Later, this obtained data is analysed through descriptive and process analyses. The role of interest in Classical Monasticism is analysed through descriptive analysis, which ascertains that there was a parallelism between the increase in organising based on an economic mentality and the secularization of interest. Moreover, it is discovered that there were organizational forms with a tendency towards institutionalization. These were mainly: (1) organizational forms regarding the division of labour and specialization that were surrounded by some regulations and (2) organizational forms that laid the foundation for the modern (secularized) concept of interest which became the time value of money when a socio-temporal order was established.

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A Comparative MCDA Application on The Long-Term Performance of IPOs During the Pandemic on Borsa Istanbul

Author(s): Orhan Emre ELMA / Language(s): English / Issue: 20/2023

Keywords: MCDA; capital markets; long-term performance; IPO;

The aim of the study is to help financial decision makers by making long-term performance analysis of initial public offerings with a comparative analysis perspective. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods are used in problems with complex answers. The pandemic, which spreads throughout the world in the first quarter of 2020, created a short-term shock effect in the capital markets, but capital markets survived this shock with new investors. While the number of shareholders in Borsa Istanbul was 1.3 million before the pandemic, this number exceeded 3.3 million afterwards. An increase in this number also means an increase in the number of financial decision makers. At this research, the long-term performance of 49 initial public offerings, which took place in Borsa Istanbul before the pandemic is analyzed with a comparative MCDA perspective. To that end, the study, in which CRITIC weighting technique and ARAS, MOORA, TOPSIS, COPRAS and ELECTRE III methods were used, examined 10 periods during the pandemic process. As a result of the research, which is the most comprehensive MCDA study in the field of IPOs, the MOORA method has been recommended to financial decision makers because it produced superior results compared to other 4 methods analyzed.

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Two Sides of Egalitarianism: William Wordsworth and Percy Bysshe Shelley

Author(s): Seçil Varal / Language(s): English / Issue: 113/2023

Keywords: luck egalitarianism; William Wordsworth; political egalitarianism; Percy Bysshe Shelley;

Egalitarianism is a social and political philosophy propounding that all mankind should have equal rights and treatment on the premise that everyone is born equal. Although the philosophy dates back to Stoicism in Ancient Greece, it reached its apogee with the American Declaration of Independence (1776) and the French Revolution (1789). Impelled by the egalitarian concepts of equality, fraternity, and liberty as well as the revolutionary ideas of English intellectuals such as William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft, English romantic poets expressed a deep concern for injustice and inequality in English society. Although their starting point is the same, the romantic poets’ notion of egalitarianism diverges from each other due to socio-political conditions of their era. This paper outlines two sides of egalitarianism in specific works from two different generations romantic poets, Wordsworth and Shelley, to show that Wordsworth’s egalitarian concern is based on luck egalitarianism that attributes inequality to an individual’s either natural endowments or responsibility; whereas, Shelley adopts political egalitarianism regarding “equality of rights” as a prerequisite to building an egalitarian system. Thus, the paper aims to reveal that Wordsworth primarily detects the problem of inequality by attributing it to ‘luck’, whereas, Shelley due to the heat of current politics offers political solutions to this problem twenty years later.

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Utopian Imagination in Modernist Poetry: Passage from Transcendence to Language

Author(s): Serhat Uyurkulak / Language(s): English / Issue: 113/2023

Keywords: W. B. Yeats; Wallace Stevens; modernist poetry; politics of modernism; utopian imagination;

“Modernist literature” is a capacious term that designates both an epoch and a variety of political attitudes espoused or rejected by the authors grouped under this title. On the one hand, the widely used concepts of high and late modernism refer to the period approximately between 1900 and the 1960s, divided by World War II. On the other, they concern the politics of literary modernism discussed on the basis of how writers and poets relate to their own social-historical conditions and to the utopian vision of a radically different kind of individual and collective existence that aims to transcend the given modes of subjectivity and sociality. In this article, I have traced specifically the changing politics of modernist literature with respect to that utopian desire for transcendence which some theorists call the modernist absolute. Differing from much of the scholarship on the politics of modernist literature that privileges the novel genre, in the present study, I have focused on the poetry of W. B. Yeats and Wallace Stevens. Through textual and theoretical analyses of “In the Seven Woods” and “A Collar-bone of a Hare” by Yeats and “Of Mere Being” by Stevens, I have demonstrated how the high modernist imagining of transcendence turns with late modernism into a theme or a motif that reveals the linguistic character of such visions and the ideological function of their utopianism. In my discussion, I have tried to show that Yeats, who is part of high modernist literature in terms of periodization, belongs to this category due to his political imagining that prioritizes transcendence. Furthermore, unlike Yeats, Stevens stands close, especially in his last poems, to the late modernist mindset that anticipates the politics of postmodern literature and the poststructuralist awareness of the role of language in constructing meaning and value.

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Uncomfortable Seats: “Enactive Spectatorship” Explored through Sarah Kane’s Blasted

Author(s): Tuba Ağkaş Özcan / Language(s): English / Issue: 113/2023

Keywords: enactive spectatorship; embodied; affective; Sarah Kane; Blasted;

Cognition occurs not only within the boundaries of the human brain but it also involves active participation of the physical body. Likewise, in theatre, the spectator does not cognise a play purely mentally but also bodily as the performance awakens certain bodily feelings and memories of the spectator and invites them to view the stage actively from a certain standpoint. Theatrical plays are staged to be viewed and to be enacted by their spectators, which constitutes the gist of “enactive spectatorship.” I examined Sarah Kane’s polemical play Blasted (1995) through the lens of “enactive spectatorship” and disclosed how the play affects the audience and how the audience develops an enactive and embodied understanding of its performance. In Blasted, the audiences’ bodies in Britain or in any other land, are taken to the battlefield of the Bosnian War, where they experience the violence in war and no longer feel secure. The representation of violence on the stage evokes the audience’s embodied experiences associated with violence, which is one of the basic reasons for the play causing a lot of controversy and uneasiness. The shocking scenes to the point of absurdity as well as the highly sensational effects affect the audience while the ambivalent positions the audience is expected to occupy prevent them from watching the play comfortably in their seats from a safe distance. Blasted, with its violent and shocking scenes, is a play that fairly shakes the audience; however, it is not the violence on stage that matters as much as what it does to the spectator in enactive, embodied, and affective terms.

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THE RETINUE OF THE HUNGARIAN KING AFTER THE BATTLE OF NICOPOLIS – THE DANUBE SECTION OF ESCAPE

Author(s): Károly Kranzieritz / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Battle of Nicopolis; Crusade; 1396; escape; Sigismund of Luxembourg; Miklós Garai; János Kanizsai; Stiborici Stibor; Hermann Cillei; Danube

In the past decades, or even during the last hundred years, many books and articles were published on the Crusade in 1396 and the Battle of Nicopolis. It is no wonder that the Crusade of 1396 still intrigues many people, being one of the emblematic events of the Christian undertakings in the Middle Ages. The topic is huge, so the study presents a slice of the Crusade. The aim of the study is to provide new data and information about the Hungarian King’s journey home after the Battle of Nicopolis, including the Danube section, which has not been included in the literature so far.

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THE BATTLE OF ST. GOTTHARD – MOGERSDORF/MODINCI, 1 AUGUST 1664

Author(s): Vladimir Prebilič,Lara Iva Dreu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

Keywords: Austrian Empire; Ottoman Empire; Battle of Saint Gotthard

The 17th century was one of the most turbulent centuries in the history of Europe. Both its beginning and its end were marked by wars with the Ottoman Empire, the first half by a 30‐year religious war, and the second half by a mini‐ice age, in addition to the final turnaround in the Austrian‐Turkish wars. Given all of this, the Austrian‐Turkish war between 1663 and 1664 seems to be only a minor episode. Nevertheless, this war was considered an important turning point in European history. It coincided with the time when the surface area of the Ottoman Empire in Europe was at its largest and signaled the end of the Ottoman power and domination in South‐Eastern Europe. The battle of Saint Gotthard did not change the course of European history; however, it did expose some of the weaknesses of the Austrian Imperial Army on the one hand and the failings of the Turkish Army on the other. It can be argued that the experience of this battle convinced the Austrian emperor that victory in the Austrian‐Turkish war was possible. At the same time, this was an essential motivational aspect for Hungary in the coming fighting with the Turks. During this period, Hungary was still mainly under the occupation of the Ottoman Empire. The above‐mentioned was followed by the slow, but persistent decline of the Ottoman rule in the Western Balkans.

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