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THE LAW OF ROMAN EGYPT

Author(s): Sanja M. Gligić / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Hp; Ma’at; Civil Law; Criminal Law; Courts

Unlike Roman Law, Egyptian Law can be learned from individual legal documents. Since no written Egyptian Law and fact that a little has been preserved from a collection of laws (i.e., „Hermopolis Legal Code“), scholars traditionally get knowledge about Egyptian Law from contracts, deeds, family archives, judgments, wills and accounts of criminal trials. The special problem is the fact that the study of Egyptian Law is further complicated by pre-created dogmatic ideas about the superiority of Roman Law and jurisprudence. However, at the moment when Egypt became a Roman province, the Egyptian Law was applied in practice (which already took a lot from Greek Law at that moment) and at the same time the influence of Roman law began to be noticed.

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THE DACIAN WAX TABLETS (TABULAE CERATAE) FROM ALBURNUS MAIOR: A PROVINCIAL TESTIMONY OF THE RELIABILITY OF METROPOLITAN LAW

Author(s): Valerius M. Ciucă,Bob Mircea Dan / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Roman Privince; Dacia; wax tablets of Alburnus Maior - tabulae ceratae Alburnense; vulgarisation of Roman Classical Law

Dacia was, between 106 and 275 AD a Roman province , known under the surname of Dacia Felix. Our contribution takes advantage on a circumstance, at least as happy as the province was considered to be: the existence of the wax tablets of Alburnus Maior (nowadays Roșia Montană, in Alba County, Romania . Also known as Triptychs, some are valuable sources of historical and legal informations, while others simply record scenes of social life. Uncovered between 1786 and 1855 out of the former provincial golden mines, they are a priceless account of the way locals transplanted the Roman Classical Law. In fact, this very direct application of Roman Law in the Dacia province was, among other Transylvanian epigraphic testimonies , also demonstrated by these waxed tablets (tabulae ceratae Alburnense ). Those juridically relevant were studied by Romanian legal historians such as Ion Peretz, Ion Baltariu , Vladimir Hanga . Our purpose here is to give a brief account on how the vulgarisation of Roman Classical Law took place in this part of the Empire.

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ROMAN FINANCIAL LAW IN THE PROVINCE OF DACIA

Author(s): Anișoara Băbălău / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

Keywords: Governor; Roman procurator; Roman colonies; Roman legions; tributum capitis; stipendium; ius italicum

The article is divided into four sections. In the first section, called Preliminaries, we highlight relevant aspects regarding the politico-military organization of Roman Dacia. We specify that the phrase „Roman Dacia“ means one, two or three Roman provinces, depending on the administrative-territorial organizations carried out after Trajan by Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius, respectively, Dacia Superior, Inferior, Apulensis, Malvensis. In section 2, entitled The administrative organization of Roman Dacia, we focus on the analysis of the central and local administrative bodies of Roman Dacia, such as: the governor of the province and the provincial assembly. In section 3, The financial organization of Roman Dacia, we analyze the main taxes from the period of Roman Dacia: direct taxes (such as tributum capitis and land tax or stipendium) and indirect taxes (such as inheritance tax and donations for the operation of salt mines and of iron mines). In the last section, Conclusions, we briefly indicate some elements of contemporary financial law, in which the principles of Roman financial law applicable in the province of Dacia are found in Romanian legislation.

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Sourcing Data from Wikipedia for the Study of Language Contact: the csbwiki

Author(s): Robert Borges / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2022

Keywords: contact-induced language change; wiki data; Kashubian; corpus linguistics; vowel alternation;

Contact-induced language change is pervasive in contexts involving historically minoritized languages, where social contexts are not particularly conducive to equitable intergroup relations. Empirically driven studies involving these language contexts allow us to more thoroughly understand the social and cognitive processes that lead to language change. Paradoxically, empirical data on minoritized languages is relatively scarce and expensive to generate. But in the digital age we have the ability to look beyond the traditional data types used in language studies, like spoken data gathered under fieldwork conditions, literature, etc. In this paper, I will explore the potential utility of user-created wiki data in investigating Polish influence on the Kashubian language.

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Intercultural Communicative Competence: Obstacles Faced by NESTs, NNESTs and Learners

Author(s): Stephen Branigan / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2022

Keywords: Intercultural Communicative Competence; NEST; NNEST; ELT; ethnocentricism;

This paper looks at three possible actors in the ELT classroom: learners, non-native English speaking teachers (NNEST) and native English speaking teachers (NEST). Each particular group has a need to acquire the skill of intercultural competence. For the learners, it is a necessary element alongside their knowledge of the language to be effective in real-life intercultural communications. For the teachers, it is to be sensitive to their learners from other cultures, to have a neutral bias to whichever of the L1 or L2 cultures is not their own, and also to enable incorporation of intercultural content effectively into the English lesson. The paper examines the obstacles to achieving Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) encountered by each group. Some are unique to that group, such as the comparative disparity of the influence of the globally dominant culture of the NEST, and some are common among two or all three, for example, culture shock whilst abroad. By understanding these obstacles, it is possible to make suggestions on how to overcome them in each particular group. Some examples of recommendations are for ICC building skills to be included in teacher training courses as well as foreign exchange trips for both learners and teacher trainees. Finally, some observations are made as to how L1 and intercultural aspects can be included in the lessons themselves.

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Polish Rural Dialect and Culture of the Dobrzyń Region in Jerzy Pietrkiewicz’s Novel The Knotted Cord

Author(s): Katarzyna Cieplińska / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2022

Keywords: Jerzy Pietrkiewicz; The Knotted Cord; rural; folklore; dialect;

During the first decades of the XX century the myth of idyllic pre-war countryside was strong in Poland and such reminiscences of the abandoned homeland were especially important for Polish exiles after The World War II. One of them was Jerzy Pietrkiewicz who described the Dobrzyń Land in his novel in English The Knotted Cord, published in Great Britain in 1953. A particularly interesting aspect of the book is the way the author incorporated the elements of the Polish rural dialect and culture into the book addressed to the British recipient. The aim of the article is to analyse the author’s literary experiment based on the insertion of many Polish words into the English text. The main objective of the analysis is to view how Pietrkiewicz represented his homeland and identify the reasons why the book appeared to be successful.

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Influence of the English Language on Librarianship Terminology on Polish University Sites

Author(s): Izabela Dąbrowska,Katarzyna Cyran / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2022

Keywords: LIS terminology; librarianship; specialist terms; neologisms; borrowings; semanticisms;

The following article discusses theoretical and practical aspects concerning terminology in the field of librarianship by showing how new terms are coined or incorporated from other languages. It presents key librarian terminology used on the websites of leading Polish academic libraries aiming to assess the extent of the influence of the English language on the Polish librarianship jargon. The analysis draws on fundamental terms selected from five websites and discusses their etymology. Three main trends – neologisms, borrowings and semanticisms – are shown and illustrated with appropriate examples.

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The Translator of Picturebooks and Multimodality. Between Postulates and Reality

Author(s): Natalia Lazreg / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2022

Keywords: Multimodality; children’s literature translators; picturebook; literary translation;

This study presents some of the results stemming from my research on picturebook translations for children and young adults in the context of multimodality, and in particular, the strategies used by translators of this specific type of multimodal message. The aim of the study is to determine whether translation scholars’ postulates on picturebook’s translation are reflected in reality. In order to determine this, I will investigate the choices of translators of this medium and their awareness of multimodality. I intend to conduct a series of individual in-depth interviews with picturebook translators. The first interview has already been conducted and analysed, and in this paper I present the results of this analysis. In the examples cited from the supporting material, it can be observed that the translator took into account the relationship between the textual and visual layers, changing the original text in accordance with the visual layer.

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The Two Victorias – From Constraint to Liberation As Presented in History, Literature and on Screen

Author(s): Iwona Lilly / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2022

Keywords: Queen Victoria; the Kensington System; Prince Albert; children;

The life of the most depicted and written about monarch, Queen Victoria, was full of twists that set her life on a path that was never to be walked by herself. She was always accompanied by shadow figures such as her mother, Sir Conroy or even her own husband, in the game of power, dominance and even love. Her life could be divided into two parts that depict a disturbing portrayal of her as the most powerful woman of her times who was also controlled by the aforementioned figures, and as one finally liberated from all of the ties constraining her freedom. This article traces and analyses events in Victoria’s life that shaped her character and constituted the feeling of constraint, and those that inevitably led her to being liberated from them.

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Did Covid-19 modify the spatial concentration of business failure?

Author(s): Manuel Ruiz-Marín,Mariluz Maté-Sánchez-Val,Jose Noguera-Venero / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2023

Keywords: business failure; co-location patterns; symbolization process

The existing literature has examined the impact of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic on business failure, highlighting firms’ internal characteristics. However, information on changes in firms’ external environments remains scarce. This study examines whether Covid-19 has also influenced the spatial co-locational patterns of business failure processes. Therefore, the authors apply symbolisation techniques to identify different business failure processes during pre- and post-covid periods. In addition, the authors compute the Q(m) spatial dependence test for categorical variables to identify differences in the co-location patterns before and after covid. The studie find significant differences in the spatial association of business failure processes, which are further understood when the authors examine sectoral differences.

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Analysing spatiotemporal patterns of Covid-19 confirmed deaths at the NUTS-2 regional level

Author(s): Andrea Bucci,Luigi Ippoliti,Pasquale Valentini / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2023

Keywords: Covid-19; spatial clustering; B-splines; poisson log-normal regression; conditional autoregressive processes

During the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic,understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of the virus is crucial for policymakers to intervene promptly. The relevance of spatial proximity in the spread of the pandemic necessitates adequate tools, and noisy data must be properly treated. This study proposes obtaining clusters of European regions using smoothed curves of daily deaths from March2020–March 2022. A functional representation of the curves w<s implemented to extract the features used in a clustering algorithm that allows spatial proximity. In a spatial regression model, the authors also investigated the role of clusters and pre-existing conditions on cumulative deaths, and observed that air pollution, health conditions, and population age structure are significantly associated withCovid-19 confirmed deaths.

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What effects will Covid-19 have on the G7 stock markets? New evidence from a cross-quantilogram approach

Author(s): Ngo Thai Hung / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2023

Keywords: Covid-19; pandemic; cross-quantilogram; stock markets; G7 countries

With several commodity and financial markets allegedly performing poorly during the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic, the objective of this study is to examine how the pandemic has affected stock markets in the G7 economies. The study applies the recently developed cross-quantilogram model introdu-ced by Han et al. (2016) to investigate quantile dependence between the conditional stock return distributions of G7 countries and the total daily global confirmed Covid-19 cases across investment horizons. The results reveal that the cross-quantile dependence between the confirmed Covid-19 cases and G7 stock returns is most significant in the short and medium term. The interlinkage weakens as the lag period lengthens. These findings imply that, in the short and medium term, stock markets in the G7 countries reacted negatively and disproportionately to the increase in the number of daily verified Covid-19 cases. Besides, cross-quantile correlations calculated from recursive subsamples indicate that they change over time, especially in low and medium quantiles, suggesting that they are prone to jumps and discontinuities in the dependence structures. The findings can aid investors and policymakers in better understanding stock market dynamics, particularly during times of great stress and unknown events.

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Effects of weather on the health of individuals: Comparative evidence from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam

Author(s): Cuong Viet Nguyen / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2023

Keywords: temperature; precipitation; health; Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam

Although there is no doubt about the harmful effects of extreme weather and climate events, there is no consensus on the magnitude of these effects on health and disease infection. This study aims to evaluate the effect of temperature and precipitation on the health of individuals in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam using district fixed-effects regression. It finds that exposure to high temperature not only causes sickness and fever but also increases the risk of getting diarrhoea – an infectious disease. High precipitation also increases the probability of getting diseases. However, the effect of precipitation is remarkably lower than that of temperature. The effects of temperature and precipitation differ for different population groups. In Laos and Vietnam, urban and highly educated individuals are less likely to be affected by temperature and precipitation than rural and less educated ones.

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The measuring of urban amenities index and its effect on migration: Evidence from Indonesian cities

Author(s): Arif Rahman HAKIM,Nachrowi D. Nachrowi,Dwini Handayani,I Dewa Gede Karma Wisana / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2023

Keywords: urban amenities index; migration; Indonesian cities

More and more Indonesians are living in cities, drawn by the amenities they provide. However, the literature on amenities and migration pays little attention to the three major types of amenities – natural, social, and public – as non-market goods, and their contribution to attract migrants. This study aims to formulate an urban amenities index for Indonesian cities and to explore the role of amenities in migration. The results show that amenities play an important role in migration to Indonesian cities. Specifically, cities in the island of Java have a high urban amenities index, followed closely by the cities outside Java that are provincial capitals. The study provides insights for the government in formulating city development policies with regard to provision of amenities.

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Exploring the determinants of ecological efficiency in selected emerging economies using pooled mean group estimator

Author(s): Muhammad Nadeem,Muhammad Irfan Malik,Shahid Adil,Novaira Junaid / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2023

Keywords: ecological efficiency; emerging economies; panel data; pooled mean group

The current study suggests ways for emerging economies, which are currently experiencing major transitions, to make efficient use of their ecological footprint for survival. The authors utilise panel data from 1980 to 2016 and the pooled mean group estimation technique for the analysis. The determinants of ecological efficiency (EE) include gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, GDP per capita square, industrialisation, population density, and life expectancy. The relationship between GDP per capita and EE exhibits a curvilinear trend among these countries. An increase in life expectancy and industrialisation has a positive impact on EE, while an increase in population density reduces EE. The study suggests that efforts should be made to attain a higher level of GDP, more industrialisation, and higher life expectancy so that EE may be increased with population stabilising measures needed to achieve such efficiency.

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Towards sustainable development goal 3: The case of the Balkan countries

Author(s): Nuray Tezcan / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2023

Keywords: sustainable development goal 3; Balkan countries; TOPSIS; health indicators

The Sustainable Development Goal 3 frame-work, released by the United Nations in 2015, includes 27 targets to be achieved by 2030. Consequently, tracking of countries has gained importance in order to determine progress and take corrective actions. The aim of this study was to measure the performance of 11 Balkan countries with respect to Sustainable Development Goal 3 and determine the progress of these countries during the period 2010–2019. To measure the performance of the countries for the years 2010, 2015, and 2019, the entropy-based TOPSIS method, which is a widely used multi-criteria decision-making method, was used. The study analysed 14 available health indicators. Based on the performance scores obtained from the analyses, Greece, Slovenia, and Croatia were determined to be the first three successful countries, while Romania and Bulgaria were the worst performers during this period. This study found that despite improvements in some indicators, more attention should be paid to achieving targets such as deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents, suicide mortality rates, and prevention of communicable and non-communicable diseases.

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Language and Stylistic Aspects of Karel Čapek’s Journalistic Writing: An Analysis of Hovory s T. G. Masarykem through the Method of Textual Linguistics

Author(s): Martina Mecco / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2022

Keywords: Czechoslovakia; Karel Čapek, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk; Hovory s T.G. Masarykem; textual linguistics; biography;

The present contribution focuses on Karel Čapek’s Hovory s T.G. Masarykem to analyse its intrinsic structure by applying František Daneš’ model of thematic progressions (TP), ie. the choice and ordering of utterance themes, their mutual concatenation and hierarchy, as well as their relation to the hyperthemes of the superior text unit (such as paragraph, chapter, etc.), to the whole text, and to the situation. Thematic progression might be viewed as the skeleton of the plot. This contribution aims to identify the thematic progression patterns (simple linear, constant, with derived themes), in particular in the third part, focused on Masaryk’s thinking. Thanks to the identification of the thematic progressions, it is possible to ascertain the communicative intention of the author and to point out some formal aspects. Differently from the first two parts, in which the style is mainly narrative, in the third one the intention of Čapek is to reproduce the style of the president’s speeches. Putting in writing Masaryk’s thoughts, Čapek preserves the oral dimension and the stylistic originality of the speaker. Moreover, Masaryk himself contributed to the editing of the Hovory.

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Artistic Conceptualization of Power in William Wordsworth’s Poetry

Author(s): Nataliia Romanyshyn / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2022

Keywords: William Wordsworth; literary/artistic concept; English Romanticism; artistic conceptualization; English poetry;

This article discusses the specificity of poetic conceptualization of power in the poetry of William Wordsworth. The focus is on the diversity of textual images of a human being in general, such as an individual or collective subject, and on the philosophical concepts of human life and destiny positioned by the authors in the centre of artistic reflection synthesizing the appropriate social pragmatics. The research is based on the cognitive-discursive approach and proceeds from the scientific ideas about the dynamics of correlation between the cultural-historical paradigm and artistic thinking, the cognitive power of artistic image and artistic text as a linguistic sign of national culture. It involves the integration of research tools of linguistic and cognitive stylistics, cultural and literary studies, which builds a vector of analysis from the concept of power as a social phenomenon to its embodiment, explicit and implicit, at different levels of textual matter.

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Front-Page Coverage of the First Day of the Russian Invasion on Ukraine in 2022. The Ethnographic Discourse Analysis Based on the Polish Press Reportage

Author(s): Marta Strukowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2022

Keywords: Anthropolinguistics; ethnographic discourse analysis; Russia-Ukraine war; cultural scripts;

This article explores the discursive patterns of communicative events during the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022. Studied through an ethnographic discourse analysis lens (e.g., Hymes 1972b, Saville-Troike [1982] 2003), Polish front-page news articles are shown to be artefact-filled language environment anchored in culture (Duranti [1997] 1999, Hoijer 1953) that can be studied by means of communicational grammar (Chruszczewski 2002) consisting of well-entrenched conceptualisations in the form of keywords and collocations as concomitants of cultural scripts (Goddard and Wierzbicka 2014, Baker 2006, Wierzbicka 1997). It agues that legitimation of patterned representations is based on a three-fold conceptual typology: (1) the axiological (valuational) dimension (Romanyshyn 2020, Pomeroy 2004, Krzeszowski 1997), (2) the metaphorical account of spatial/territorial reference (proximization) (Cap 2013), (3) us vs. them dichotomy (Van Dijk 1992a). It demonstrates how Polish press manufactures and discursively creates ideological attachments which underlie Poland’s cultural legacy.

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The Intricacies of (Debatable) Humour in Advertising: A Cross-Cultural Standpoint

Author(s): Anna Stwora / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2022

Keywords: humour studies; Cultural Linguistics; advertising discourse; cross-cultural studies;

Given the marked presence of humour in many areas of thought and language, as well as in people’s social, emotional, and aesthetic experiences, it comes as no surprise that humour studies are considered an interesting interdiscipline worth studying. This paper is, therefore, an attempt at joining three academic fields, namely advertising discourse, Cultural Linguistics, and humour studies. The author will enquire into the operation of (debatable) humour applied in multimodal advertising discourse. She will make the cultural aspect the focus of attention in order to highlight the role of cross-cultural differences in the perception of humour. Based on her previous studies (Stwora 2020a, 2020b) on attitudinal responses to controversial humorous ads in English, she will join in an exploratory discussion with a view to showing the ways in which ad reception may be influenced by the culture-specific force of humour. Working towards a more comprehensive outlook on humour in use in the context of advertising discourse, the present paper will start with a few words on humour in general and on debatable humour in ads. Then, the cultural side of humour will be discussed. Finally, the author will discuss her research from the cultural standpoint.

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