Interpolation methods are essential tools for generating the Digital Terrain Model (MDT). Making a comparison between different interpolation methods in the GIS environment, by using the Geostatistical Analyst function, will indicate the degree of accuracy of each method. The quality of the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) depends on the accuracy of the measured data, the techniques and software used in the measurement processing stage. In this paper, three interpolation methods available in ArcGIS software are analyzed: Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Local Polynomial Interpolation (LPI), and Kriging. Two scenarios were considered in the study: in the first, an area with a steep slope was analyzed, in the second scenario, a gently sloping area was analyzed. The techniques for performing topographic measurements were of the modern type, respectively the current use of satellite technology. Measurements for both scenarios were performed using GNSS technology and the RTK method for determining point coordinates in real time. The location of the studied areas is in Iași county, Miroslava commune.
In this article the main topic of interest is to explore the analyzing possibilities of exploiting data available from multiple sources. We chose to use several methods of data investigation, as follows: in the GFW (GlobalForestWatch) geoportal; in the ArcGIS Online application created based on MapBuilder; in ArcGIS Pro. The results and conclusions were extracted based on charts and model elements, offered by the latest version of ArcGIS Pro. The purpose of this work consisted in integrating different sources of data regarding forested areas. Thus, it is revealed the importance of integrating the information that can be obtained in GIS with those from the geoportals of spatial data, all of which can bring benefits to the local administration for creating strategies. The obtained result draws attention to protected areas vulnerable to change by 2050, and also present in loss areas, constituting a starting point for the thorough monitoring of these areas.
Keywords: topographic works; bridge; digital model; topographic plan;
The sustainability of the structures is a problem faced by the administrators of the road networks, both in the sphere of the academic community and of the technical staff responsible for the maintenance of the bridges. In this context, this research topic analyzes the complex of works necessary to achieve an engineering structure of major importance for society. The novelty and the opportunity to approach this desideratum derive from the need to realize these structures necessary for the development of the road infrastructure but also to ensure the connections between the isolated areas due to the different impediments of the relief in the area.
Keywords: visual communication; opinion; public administration; urban planning information;
In recent years, social networks have become more and more influential in the daily lives of people of all ages. People ask, inform themselves and express their opinion much more freely than in the past. Therefore, public administrations, both local, county and national, have understood the importance of their presence on social networks and try to maintain, at least to a certain level, the relationship with citizens, publishing various information of interest about their activity. The present paper is intended to be a critical analysis, based on various real cases, of the communication of information to citizens published by local public administrations. The main purpose of this analysis is to highlight the importance of using visual communication in the transmission of information.
Using GIS Tools to Analyse Emergency and Civil Protection Situations Specific Issues
Author(s): Anca Patricia Grădinaru,Ana Cornelia Badea,Petre Iuliu Dragomir / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 32/2022
Keywords: ArcGIS Pro; emergency situations; geospatial data analysis;
Geographic information systems are applicable in a wide range of areas as they allow data to be managed, analysed and distributed. The main purpose of this article is using GIS tools to explore the possibilities of analysing specific aspects of emergency and civil protection situations, amid a national security crisis. For such analysis, the ArcGIS Pro software proved to be very useful and the ability to operate with open data from Living Atlas facilitated the workflow.
Monitoring and assessment of the operational safety of hydrotechnical constructions made of earth and local materials requires geodetic measurements at specified intervals. Among these hydrotechnical constructions are the earth dams which have many negative events. A high percent of accidents in Romania occur at small earth dams. Monitoring the topology of earth dams is done by classical geodetic methods. But, in recent times, new technologies have emerged to track the topology of earth dams, of which GNSS technology stands out. Research conducted with GNSS technology, to monitor the geometric parameters of a dam in the Moldova area, has highlighted the reliability of the method by the accuracy of the results and reduced working time. Fild research conducted at the Podisu Dam in Iasi county, in conjunction with documentary studies on the evolution over time of the topology of the earth dam showed important changes with an influence on the stability of the construction. Interpretation of the data obtained by measurements showed a change in the geometric shape in the horizontal plane and in cross sections. The method of measurements performed using two GNSS receivers was used in the research.
Two groups of methods are being used during the complex process of studying the behavior of the buildings: physical and geometrical methods. Within the first group of methods, the setting up of the instruments is made directly inside of the studied building moving thus together with the latter and revealing this the relative values of the deformations. The second group containes the geodetic and photogrammetric methods by whose mean we are determinating the position of some fixed points of the buildings, with reference to the immobile points which are positioned around the building, being this able to obtain the absolute values of the de formations and displacements of the considered building. The use of the geodetic and photogrammetric methods do not exclude the use of the physical methods, more than they are strongly related and completing one another. Within this paper are made some considerations concening the use of the geodetic methods for studying the behaviour of the buildings, presenting the fact that these methods are representing a fundamental system within the experimental and in situ studying process, and that these methods cannot be replaced. Due to the high precision of the measurements and estimating of the accuracy of the results, the geodetic methods ensure the obtaining of the most realiable values of the parameters characterising the state of stress and deformations of the buildings.
Keywords: ArcGIS Pro; Space Time Cube; Hot Spot Analysis;
In this article the main topic of interest is to explore the analyzing possibilities offered by the latest version of ArcGIS Pro. At the same time, we want to highlight the use the 2D and 3D products obtained, but also the means of their subsequent analysis in the established GIS environment. We chose to use several methods of data investigation. The purpose of this work consisted in determining the air quality based on the measured values of the PM 2.5, PM 10 and NO2 indicators, over three days, with the help of sensors mounted in Bucharest and in its proximity. For the visualization and analysis of spacetime data, a space-time cube (STC) has been created. The trends in the Emerging Hot Spot Analysis were identified and visualized in three local scenes for a 3D visualization, based on this. The results and conclusions were extracted based on time charts, density analysis and graphs.
The paper deals with the integration of remotely sensed data gained from different sources having different resolution, date. It is important to join these data sources with their attribute data (resolution, location, spectral channels, etc.). For this purpose the meta-database is suitable tool. In this paper we examine the aspects of data integration and as an example we demonstrate the complexity of this problem by a simple rural environmental analysis.
Author(s): Mircea Sălcudean / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 32/2022
Keywords: Archaeology; GNSS; GIS; Digital Elevation Model; Maps; Slope; Aspect;
In this paper, systematic archaeological research was approached in order to build in the GIS environment the altimetric numerical models of the lands subject to archaeological research at the Apoulon Fortress. The research at the Apoulon Dacian Fortress began in 1960 and were started by Gh. Anghel, and the data used in the project were taken topographically in the 2005, 2006 and 2007 campaigns. The database created is constantly used by researchers in order to arrange, preserve or rehabilitate the archaeological heritage and historical monuments and therefore must always be updated. The use of modern GNSS and GIS technologies was used to take over and process the information from the field. The advantages of this systematic research would benefit both the institutions dealing with real estate in our country and the public interested in research and the history of discoveries.
The Development of a Geospatial Database Regarding the Calculation of Land Taxes and Duty System
Author(s): Cosmina Mariana Cîmpean / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 32/2022
Keywords: system of taxes and fees; surface; real estate; topology; geodatabase;
Any property owner in Romania have to pay an annual tax for it but also exemptions are applied depending on title deed specifications and other special circumstances. Current Romanian tax and duty system was influenced by adhesion to European Union. For our country to be able to adhere to EU a change to fiscal Code was necessary to comply with other state members. Aim in Romania is to improve the capacity of revenue collections for state budget in the shortest period of time to fulfill priorities without influencing the public finance system in the medium and long term, so that the Romanian state can manage risks or unforeseen situations. Specialized programs are currently implemented in Romania to support with automatic tax and duties calculations for ongoing and previous years. Debiting can be done through notification and automated invoicing to taxpayer or documents can be issued automatically according to the legal forms.
Problem Based Learning vs Challenge Based Learning in Geodetic Engineering
Author(s): Ana Cornelia Badea,Gheorghe Badea,Aurel Florentin Cătălin Negrilă,Petre Iuliu Dragomir / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 32/2022
Keywords: CBL; PBL; Geodesy; PhD thesis; MSc thesis; Challenge Based Learning; Problem Based Learning;
In this article we propose a comparative approach of what Challenge Based Learning vs Problem Based Learning means, as well as examples of the possibilities already applied in the Geodetic Engineering Domain, at master's and doctorate level. The CBL concept is analyzed from the perspective of creating a real link with market actors, public or private entities. The strong and weak points of CBL are identified from this perspective. A feasible work flow is identified, which leads to a win-win collaboration between universities and relevant actors.
Classifying LiDAR Point Cloud Using Bentley Microstation Terrasolid and ArcGIS Pro Software Products
Author(s): Anca Patricia Grădinaru,Ana Cornelia Badea,Petre Iuliu Dragomir / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 32/2022
Keywords: LiDAR; Point Cloud; Classification;
In order to obtain accurate 3D City Models, some of the most important steps are geospatial data acquisition and the processing of this data. Aerial laser scanning (LiDAR-Light Detection and Ranging) is one of the most used methods of data acquisition and the main concern is classifying the point cloud in order to assign a class to each point. The classes of interest for 3D city models are the ground, buildings and possibly the high vegetation class which may interfere with the buildings. In this article, we aimed to highlight the main steps that are necessary to classify LiDAR point clouds. We chose two software products, one developed by Bentley – Microstation Terrasolid Suite and the second by Esri – ArcGIS Pro.
John Snow's map of the 1854 cholera outbreak in London is widely recognized as a pioneering example of using spatial analysis to understand the spread of disease. In this retrospective analysis, we examine the role of Snow's map in informing decision-making during epidemics. Through a review of the literature and case studies, we assess the strengths and limitations of using Snow's map as a tool for decision-making during epidemics. Our analysis highlights the importance of spatial analysis in understanding and mitigating the spread of disease, as well as the need for ongoing development and refinement of such tools.
Using a series of maps rendered via ArcGIS Pro, the present article aims to make a comparison of the number of Ukrainian refugees fleeing the war between Russia and Ukraine during 2022 and the number of Arab refugees who left their countries between the years 2011 and 2021, following the so-called “Arab Spring” conflicts. The techniques used for creating the maps included dot and bivariate dot density mapping, as well as a bivariate color and chart symbol mapping. For an improved highlighting of the represented phenomenon, it was proposed to have it symbolized by dots of similarly colored shades, from the lightest to the darkest, depending on the number of refugees hosted by each country. The resulting maps are intended for the general public to provide an overview of the population displacement caused by war.
GBT-based Finite Element Formulation for Elastic Buckling Analysis of Conical Shells
Author(s): Adina Ana Mureșan / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 33/2022
Keywords: generalized beam theory; conical shells; finite element method; linear buckling analysis; compression; oil platforms;
The paper presents a finite element formulation based on the Generalised Beam Theory (GBT), for the analysis of elastic buckling behaviour of conical shells under various loading and boundary conditions. The GBT approach provides a general solution for 1st and 2nd order analysis using bar elements capable of describing the global and local deformations. Because of the cross-section variation specific to conical shells, the mechanical and geometric properties are no longer constant along the bar axis as it is the case of cylinders and prismatic thin-walled structures. This formulation is validated by comparison between GBT results and values obtained by means of shell finite element analyses. The study covers simply supported conical shells under axial compression. The study also presents a possible practical application on oil platforms.
20 Years of Operation of the Agricultural Land Market in the Republic of Moldova: Achievements and Perspectives
Author(s): Tudor Bajura,Efim Zubco / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 33/2022
Keywords: agricultural land market; transaction; market prices; regions; intra-urban land;
Being at the stage of 20 years of operation, the agricultural land market in the Republic of Moldova collided with several socio-economic problems, which limited (partially) the dynamic development of this market. Although in the process of identifying the market prices of agricultural land in the Republic of Moldova, different evaluation methods are widely used, the method, based on comparable prices, is the preferable one, the most often used. At the same time, this method is the most dependent on the stability of the purchasing power of the national currency - the Moldovan lei. The sudden increase in the level of inflation in the last two years has disorientated the participants of the land market and negatively influenced both the number of transactions for the sale and purchase of agricultural land, as well as the area of land included in the market circuit. The deeper analysis of the current state, as well as the elaboration of reasoned recommendations, regarding overcoming the crisis situation on the agricultural land market in the Republic of Moldova, is the main purpose of this publication.
Keywords: GIS; Geomatics; Network Analyst; Proximity; Database; Facilities; Service Area;
One of the reasons for the elaboration of this work is the desire to implement modern methods and techniques of cartographic analysis in order to obtain results that express both visually and in terms of value the level of accessibility of the population to various public administrative institutions in Alba Iulia, as well as their ability to act in different situations. This is why we consider it appropriate and topical to carry out a study that classifies a specific geographical area into a certain risk category in terms of accessibility to a specific emergency situation.
Complex of Topo-Cadastral Works for the Extension of the Quarry Exploitation Area
Author(s): Vasile Seicean,Tudor Borşan,Silvia Alexandra Dreghici / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 32/2022
Keywords: quarry – area of exploitation; transport; cadastral legislation; topo-cadastral works;
The importance of the excavations in the quarry and the proper functioning of the processes of extraction and transport of raw materials require adequate access roads. Thus due to the fact that the exploitation in the quarry expands its area of exploitation, the road that ensures the transport of raw materials must comply with the standards provided by the actual legislation. The paperwork is about the topo-cadastral works needed for the development of the quarry and extending the area of exploitation and all the activity involved, its legal regulation, the right of the municipality concerning real estate, but also the study of the related site area.
Influence of Renewable Energy Sources on the Energy Balance in Urban Areas Reconfigured using the nZEB Energy Atlas Tool
Author(s): Izabella Marin Lazăr / Language(s): English
/ Issue: 33/2022
Keywords: nZEB-nearly Zero Energy Buildings; Energy Atlas; Heat Island Mitigation; energy efficiency; renewable energy sources; urban retrofitting; integrated solutions;
Considering the climate change, the medium and long-term energy objectives of the European Union, regarding climate neutrality require significant reductions in energy consumption and implicitly in CO2 emissions related to the exploitation of buildings, and at the same time the promotion of energy production technologies from renewable source; the building envelope can become the support for the placement of these technologies both in the case of new constructions and in major energy renovation projects. The tools used for the purpose of sustainable urban planning with the objective of promoting new buildings with nearly-zero energy consumption but also with reference to the energetic reconfiguration of the existing built stock, such as the nZEB Urban Energy Atlas (Izabella Marin Lazăr 2022) include the possibility simulation in accordance with the proposed intervention scenarios and specific climatic conditions of the amount of energy from renewable sources that can be produced on site and the contribution of these sources to the energy balance of the urban area.
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