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Monitoring the Stability of Earthdams using Local Geodetic Networks

Author(s): Ioana Agapie (Mereuță),Mihail Luca,Paul Marian Gherasim / Language(s): English / Issue: 33/2022

Keywords: deformations; GNSS; monitoring; situation plan; geodetic network;

Monitoring the behavior of earth dams over time requires that they be permanently equipped with their own tools and control points. Monitoring is performed according to the importance category of the objective, control parameters, but also the specific conditions of the location. The paper presents a modern way of tracking structural deformations in the case of earth dams, owned by private owners, in order to assess their operational safety. The article presents three earth dams of different categories of importance (B, C and D), to analyze how to monitor each objective. The main study area is represented by the Piscicola Podișu accumulation located on the Valea Oii river in Iași county. For the location of the earth dam, measurements were made for the creation and monitoring of the local geodetic network. The network consists of reference points (S1, S2), station points (B1, B2, B3, B4) and control points (P1-P11) located on the studied dam. The way of working involved several stages. In the first stage, the site recognition and the monitoring requirements of the dam stability parameters were performed. In the second stage, the conditions for carrying out the measurements for drawing up the situation plan and designing the geodetic monitoring network were analyzed. In the third stage, measurements were performed for the design of a local GNSS geodetic network. The purpose of this paper is to design and analyze GNSS measurements in the monitoring of earth dams with modern technologies.

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A GIS for the Pedological Soil Mapping of Popricani Area in Iasi County

Author(s): George Calin Baltariu,Constantin Bofu / Language(s): English / Issue: 33/2022

Keywords: Soil Mapping; Pedology; GIS; VBA; AutoLisp; WEB; end user expericence; AutoCAD Map3D 2021; Microsoft Office Access; thematic maps; queries; SQL; Popricani;

The main purpose of the article aims in creating a GIS application for the pedological soil mapping of Popricani area in Iasi County with an eye to a further efficient utilisation of it by the end user, using web technologies, VBA and AutoLisp. Also the application includes an inventory of all the pedological data of the region. Other undertaken and proposed objectives are represented by creating an attribute database, relationing that database with graphic entities, making analysis, queries, thematic maps and creating a complex system that eases the end user experience and productivity.

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The Influence of Land Reform on the Process of Territorial Organization

Author(s): Ion Botnarenco,Ludmila Ciugureanu / Language(s): English / Issue: 33/2022

Keywords: Land reform; sustainable use; land resources; land organization;

Analyzing the evolution of the territorial organization process in the Republic of Moldova, we can mention that in a short period of time, land reforms have greatly influenced the sustainable use of land resources. The reason being the transfer of state-owned agricultural land to private property or rather, the division of land into small plots, which led to the impossibility of sustainable use of land resources. This reform has been inevitable and economically and socially justified and has led to a number of problems with the sustainable use of land resources, such as the disappearance of crop rotations, the maintenance and / or improvement of soil fertility, and the lack of an institutional system and the normative framework for the sustainable organization of land resources.

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Geospatial Data Management Related to Expropriation Works

Author(s): Alexandra Paula Frenț,Ana Cornelia Badea,Petre Iuliu Dragomir / Language(s): English / Issue: 33/2022

Keywords: GIS; geospatial data; expropriation; DSM; 3D view;

In recent years, it is necessary to involve as many specialists from different fields as possible, who need significant data interoperability to carry out expropriation projects, due to the increase in complexity of projects in the field of road infrastructure. The realization of these projects is strongly influenced by the integration of geospatial data using GIS (Geographic Information System) technology. There is the possibility of managing these geospatial data in GIS for the efficient exploitation of the data obtained from the measurements within the road infrastructure projects, through surveying methods, using total stations respectively GNSS receivers. GIS have a very important contribution in the evidence, management and planning of processes through the automated workflows. The applicability of GIS is significant in cadastre, utilities, urbanism, land planning, taxes, city halls and regional and national institutions. The data managed in GIS can have geospatial reference, so that data and phenomena can be exploited, analyzed, and interpreted in a spatial context. The expropriation aims to carry out works of national, county, or local interest. The expropriation procedure is the legal operation that has as main effects the forced transfer of an asset from the private property of natural or legal persons to the public property of the expropriator, followed by the payment of a compensation to the affected assets owners. In this article, a case study was approached for a public utility work of national interest "Oradea Ring Road Connection (Calea Sântandrei Roundabout) – A3 Highway (Biharia)" which is located on the administrative area of Oradea.

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Geospatial Data Integration using GIS-CAD Software

Author(s): Steliana Mariana Gogoașă / Language(s): English / Issue: 33/2022

Keywords: GIS; query; CAD; geospatial data; 3D modeling;

In the technological age, computerization becomes a key factor, both in the rationalization of the work schedule and in the provision of services and information, factors that help to achieve as efficiently as possible the ongoing projects. GIS technology is increasingly becoming a necessity for a number of companies and institutions working with geospatial data. CAD projects are also currently helping to develop each industrial sector with more accurate data, depending on their requirements, including architectural and construction companies, installation management, utilities. These two technologies, viewed in a unitary way, largely complement the need for information when drawing up a work plan. From this point of view, it is quite clear from the last few years that the interconnection of GIS and CAD data demonstratively improves the operability and elimination of errors at the level of projects of great importance, and not only. In this article it is aimed to highlight how to use and integrate 2D and 3D data with the help of GIS-CAD technologies. It was chosen a dataset related to the cadastral plan of the intravilan of Ceamurlia de Jos, Tulcea county, a dataset that was imported into GIS and CAD software products.

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Studies on the Real-Time Monitoring of Gura Apelor Dam

Author(s): Iustina Gabriela Ignat (Ștefan),Mihail Luca / Language(s): English / Issue: 33/2022

Keywords: deformations; geodetic equipment; GNSS; tracking network; total robotic stations;

This thesis presents a modern monitoring model of the geodetic parameters specific to dams made of earth and rock. The monitoring of dam components movements in the horizontal plane is currently carried out by the micro-triangulation method. The optimization of the monitoring process geometrical parameters for water accumulations dams requires the use of modern equipment and technologies. They allow a faster retrieval of data and its immediate processing with high-performance analysis programs. This reduces the time between measuring the formation and making the intervention decision. The studies and researches carried out have indicated the development and application of a real-time monitoring system of the geometrical parameters at Gura Apelor dam. The proposed monitoring system uses a set of modern equipment including Leica Nova TM50 total stations, 360° prisms and GNSS antennas. The monitoring equipment is supplied with sensors for atmospheric information for the correction of measurements.

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nZEB Energy Atlas - Tool for Energy Reconfiguration at the Level of Urban Area

Author(s): Izabella Marin Lazăr / Language(s): English / Issue: 33/2022

Keywords: nZEB- nearly zero energy building; Energy Atlas; energy efficiency; urban retrofitting; integrated solutions;

Urban issues related to energy performance are a top priority of the European Agenda, as a significant share of the intense effort to reach climate-neutrality by 2050 (European Commission, 2019). The European” Green Deal” set the target of 55% greenhouse gas emissions reduction by 2030, which requires new buildings to meet energy and environmental performance thresholds of the Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (nZEB) (Directive 2010/31/EU) and also increase in deep renovations of existing buildings stock by giving priority to energy efficiency in order to achieve nZEB performances (Directive EU 2018/ 844). Sustainable planning plays an important role in the process of transformative urban adaptation (EEA Report 2016) by promoting the nZEB concept as an energy reconfiguration strategy of buildings, urban areas and settlements, having as goals of minimizing the impact on the quality of natural environment and ensuring normal indoor living conditions. It is proposed to submit a decision-making tool for energy assessment at the urban area level, called nZEB Urban Energy Atlas, which describes the methodological path from the current state assessment until the adoption of optimal scenarios for deep renovation of existing buildings stock.

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Role of Buildings Life Cycle Assessment for Shaping Sustainable Cities

Author(s): Maricel Palamariu,Silvia Alexandra Dreghici,Ildiko Tulbure / Language(s): English / Issue: 33/2022

Keywords: Buildings; Life Cycle Assessment; Sustainable City; Interdisciplinary Approach;

Beside positive desired direct effects of industrial activities having the goal to increase humanity quality of life by developing, applying and using diverse technologies, these can also have negative, undesired impacts on environment and society. In this regard the concept of sustainable development has been recognized and accepted as being the possible solution for the arisen complex global environmental, economic and social problems, which humanity is actually confronted with. To assure the transition of our society toward sustainability technical, economic, environmental as well as socio-political aspects have to be simultaneously considered as much as possible in decision making processes. For engineers this means to lead technology assessment studies and to comprehensively assess industrial applications as well as correlated necessary infrastructure, especially existing and planned buildings. From this reason it is very important to develop analytical tools to analyze and assess buildings from the point of view of their potential impacts with regard to shaping sustainable cities. One of these tools already applied in technological field is the Life Cycle Assessment. In this paper the applying possibility of Life Cycle Assessment in the context of diverse buildings will be presented and debated in order to assure shaping sustainable cities.

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Land Rights Registration Process in the Republic of Moldova

Author(s): Cornelia Șoimu,Ion Botnarenco / Language(s): English / Issue: 33/2022

Keywords: Register of rights; registration of rights; registration process; protection of law; cadastral registration;

Every citizen of the Republic of Moldova has the right to property and protection from the state, for this reason the registration of land rights in the Republic of Moldova is mandatory. The Republic of Moldova develops land reform and takes concrete measures to protect the rights over land. For this purpose, the Register of Real Estate was implemented. Land rights protection was and is the first basic function of the registration process, so the registration process is a mechanism for protecting land rights.

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UAV Technology Used for Monitoring a Mining Site

Author(s): Carmen Daniela Ioana Borza,Andreea Begov Ungur,Silvia Alexandra Dreghici / Language(s): English / Issue: 33/2022

Keywords: mining site; drone flight; point clouds; ground control points; digital elevation model;

Surveying technology currently offers us a multitude of benefits and can be used in many fields of activity to create a more efficient way of working for people. This project aims to describe the process of 3D reconstruction of a mining site with UAV technology. The first step means performing the actual flight in the targeted perimeter with a drone (or UAV – unmanned aerial vehicle) equipped with a camera to capture images of a site from different vantage points. Out of these images, a photogrammetry software can recreate geo-referenced 3D maps of the mining site. The processing of the cloud of points collected with the help of the drone is an important step of this project. Mining operators can also easily extract the precise volume of stockpiles or areas to be excavated. By providing thousands of data points for one stockpile, drone surveys are far more accurate than surveying with total stations.

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The Application of the New Codes Necessary for the Approval of the Registration Documents in the Land Register Within the National Agency for Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising

Author(s): George Voicu,George Emanuel Voicu,Florina Voicu / Language(s): English / Issue: 33/2022

Keywords: databases; legislation; cadastre; real estate advertising; digitization; land register;

Databases and new technologies offer the opportunity to recover the gaps with the European Union and with the countries that understood earlier the role of new technologies in the modernization of public services. In this context, ANCPI makes efforts regarding the digitization of services, by making available users, natural or legal persons, new ways of connecting, requesting and charging for the requested services, through the e-terra, e-payment, etc. applications. The purpose of this article is to present some aspects related to the use of the new service codes, related to the approval and reception of the registration documents in the Land Registry.

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Censors and Censorial Relations in Communist Romania: Customs, Conventions, and Practices

Author(s): Andru Chiorean / Language(s): English / Issue: 2021+22/2022

Keywords: censorship; cultural control; cultural construction; East-European communism;

The communist state monopolized and directed the cultural sphere but, in opposition to traditional accounts, I maintain that it was not a domination based on destruction. As I show, communist censorship did not emerge in a vacuum but drew on local traditions, institutional continuities and historical particularities, as much as on ideological improvisation and practical expediency. Whereas the censorial system was certainly effective in defending the state’s cultural monopoly, it is an overstatement to cast the socialist culture as the offspring of the censor’s pencil. The institutional censorship seems often trapped between its ambition to engage actively in cultural production and the supervisory powers granted by its charter.

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Minority Political Agency and Orbán’s Mono‑Pyramidal Rule: a Comparative Analysis of Effects of Hungarian Kinstate Policies in Romania and Ukraine after 2010

Author(s): Tamás Kiss / Language(s): English / Issue: 2021+22/2022

Keywords: kinstate policy; ethnic politics; security; political patronage; minority institutions; extraterritorial nation building; Transylvanian Hungarians; Hungarians in Ukraine;

My comparative analysis focusing on Hungarians in Romania and Ukraine tries to describe how Viktor Orbán’s kinstate policy affected minority political agency, e.g., strategies of ethnic bargaining and institutions governing minority elites. I investigate security-oriented approaches within the framework of international relations (IR) and I propose a broader analytical model formapping kinstate policy effects on minority groups. I have in view the changes that occurred after May 2010, when the second Fidesz government was elected. Post-2010 Hungarian kinstate policies foster a homogeneous concept of the nation and try to integrate minority Hungarians into the mono-pyramidal rule of Orbán’s increasingly authoritarian regime. This process, although detrimental to intra-ethnic democratic functioning, cannot be described properly through IR related models focusing on macro-political aspects and programmatic elements of ethnic bargaining. Therefore, I employ a more nuanced concept ofminority political agency including meso-level strategies of governing minority institutions and building networks of political patronage. Based on quantitative analysis of kinstate subsidies and semi-structured interviews conducted with key minority actors, I conclude that effects of Hungarian kinstate policy are the most visible at meso-level, as Hungarian communities were incorporated into Orbán’s regime through minority institutions. The comparison between the cases proved to be useful because I was able to distinguish between two different models of incorporation, a more monolithic local level intra-ethnic autocracy in Ukraine and a more decentralized patronage-based incorporation in Romania. The dissimilitudes are due to initial differences in the organization of the two minority fields on the one hand, and the path-dependent relationship between Fidesz and the dominant minority elite faction, on the other.

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Roadies: an Ethnography of Digitalisation of Inequalities and Precarisation in Food Couriers

Author(s): Julius-Cezar MacQuarie / Language(s): English / Issue: 2021+22/2022

Keywords: platform work; food couriers; night ethnography; inequalities; precarisation; Europe;

Food couriers working the evening and nighttime shifts are a special case of platform-mediated work, and an under-researched category of contracted workers in the digitalised platform economy. Drawing on a night ethnography, the paper focuses on the strategic role that migrant and non-migrant gig workers play in supporting communities in four cities: Bucharest and Oradea in Romania, and Cork in Ireland. London, the fourth locality, is the “glocturnal” city in Europe, with a long history of immigration and an exceptional status due to its high demand for migrant workers 24/7. This ethnographic account aims to impact the emerging field in the digitalisation of labour migration and contribute to debates on digitalisation of inequalities and precarisation of nightworkers.

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The Value of a Calorie: Food Policies and the Making of Standards of Living in Mid-20th Century Romania

Author(s): Mara Mărginean / Language(s): English / Issue: 2021+22/2022

Keywords: nutrition; food, science; Romania; development; postwar reconstruction;

My paper proposes a historical account of the genealogy of nutritional standards in Romania from the 1930s until the late 1950s, documenting the strategies behind turning “food” into “nutrition” and “nutrition” into a domain of political concern and governmental intervention. Using archival information, I argue that while central to the socialist state’s effort to recalibrate planning and distribution programs and ground industrialization and urbanization, these nutrition policies echo social outcomes of development worldwide and flesh out multiple possibilities of scaled analysis (global, regional, and national) in the context of the Great Depression, WWII, postwar food rationing, and postwar welfare. Consequently, instead of substantiating the interwar and the postwar as two distinctive political systems, my paper aims to show that postwar approaches to food policies should be linked with a political economy of the workforce that first became transparent in 1930s Europe.

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Bound to the Column: Antichrist Iconography in the Last Judgement Scenes in the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary

Author(s): Mihnea Alexandru Mihail / Language(s): English / Issue: 2021+22/2022

Keywords: wall paintings; iconography; Antichrist; demon; column; Last Judgment; Leles; Poprad; Hussite; reformation; Kingdom of Hungary;

This study aims to investigate the relationship between visual culture and theological disputes during the pre‑Hussite and Hussite eras. By looking at fourteenth‑century Last Judgment scenes from the Hungarian Kingdom that contain an image of a demon bound to the column inside Leviathan’s jaws, I analyze the connections between this figure and the eschatological and Antichrist‑ related discourse used by both Church representatives and preachers of the Reformation in Bohemia.

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Identity, Secrecy, and War: the Letters of Ivan III of Moscow to His Daughter, Elena of Lithuania

Author(s): Iulia Nitescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2021+22/2022

Keywords: Ivan III of Moscow; Elena of Lithuania; Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars; religious identity;

This paper addresses the public Orthodox identity of the Muscovite ruling family during the late 15th century, by focusing on the case of Elena Ivanovna (1474/6–1513), daughter of Ivan III of Moscow and wife of Alexander Jagiellon of Lithuania. Through an analysis of the diplomatic correspondence between the grand prince of Moscow and his daughter, it discusses the implications Elena’s religious identity had both on an individual level and for the image of the Muscovite dynastic identity.

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Keynes and Hayek: Commonalities and Differences in Business Cycles Theories

Author(s): Alexandru Pătruți / Language(s): English / Issue: 2021+22/2022

Keywords: economic cycles; J. M. Keynes; F. A. Hayek; interest rate theory; liquidity preference; the Wicksell connection';

Nearly a century after the renown Keynes-Hayek debate, the two economists are still perceived as diametrically opposed. This is certainly not true in the realm of business cycle theory where for a period of time they both employed the Wicksell inspired savings-investment approach. The publication of Keynes’s General Theory obscured these similarities and the IS-LM model disconnected all possible ties between the two cycle theories. However, I argue that Keynes did not succeed in the General Theory to offer a consistent interest rate theory and that his 1937 articles which were meant for further clarification were received even worse than the book itself. If Keynes’s more nihilistic variant of the liquidity preference theory would be replaced which Leijohnhufvud’s Z theory (i.e., the Treatise plus output modifications), Keynes and the Austrians would still have considerable theoretical points in common in the realm of business fluctuations. The two cycle theories would complement, rather than contradict each other.

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Pathways of Knowledge Exchange: the Dissemination of Romanian Publications in Europe (Second Half of the 19th Century-Until the First World War)

Author(s): Bogdan Popa / Language(s): English / Issue: 2021+22/2022

Keywords: book trade; transnational networks; scholar networks; learned societies; modernization in Romania;

In this article, I explore the ways and means publications written and printed in Romania were circulated abroad, mainly in Europe. I aim to identify, analyze and contextualize the transnational networks of individuals, learned societies, and commercial companies involved in this process, by looking at gifts, purchases, and exchanges. My thesis is that the study of these networks is a test of the actual depth of the modernizing process, as it reveals both the ability to connect to the actual transnational, not short of capitalistic, trade flows, as well as the individual relations between scholars.

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Practice and Function of Ecclesiastical Recommendation in Late Antiquity (Fourth-Fifth Centuries AD)

Author(s): Hajnalka Tamás / Language(s): English / Issue: 2021+22/2022

Keywords: commendatio; epistolography; letter‑carriers; early canons; Basil of Caesarea; Ambrose of Milan; Augustine of Hippo; Jerome; Zosimus; Leo I; letters in papyri;

In the ancient world, recommendation was an important expression of patronage, effecting introduction, mediation, problem‑solving. Christianity took over and adapted Roman models to suit new realities of Christian travel and hospitality, pastoral care, recruitment, career advancement (clerical as well as ascetic), the articulation of communion and orthodoxy, among others. This paper explores the functions of late antique Christian recommendation practices, its complex and often ambiguous typology, with particular emphasis on the correspondence – or discrepancy – between evidence collected from extant papyri, canonical prescriptions, and examples from epistolary corpora of known authors.

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