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CHANGES IN THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF FORMER TOWNS APPLYING FOR CITY STATUS. CASE STUDY OF LUBLIN PROVINCE

Author(s): Sebastian Bernat,Wojciech Górny / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: small town; functional and spatial structure; public space; restitution; Poland;

Motives: In the past 20 years or more, many towns that had lost city status during the partitions of Poland have applied for the restoration of municipal rights. Aim: The aim of the research conducted in 2020 was to identify changes in the functional and spatial structure and in the public spaces of four towns that had been deprived of municipal rights: Goraj, Izbica, Turobin, and Żółkiewka. The analysed towns are located in the least urbanised part of Lublin Province. Results: In the course of the research process, changes in the size of developed areas between 1965 and 2020 were analysed, and the functions of newly urbanised areas, their present functional and spatial structure, and the proportion of agricultural homesteads in total housing resources were determined and identified. Additionally, downtown areas in each studied location were assessed with the use of the “sensory perception curve” method, which is also known as Wejchert’s method, and local community members were surveyed. The respondents were asked to evaluate public spaces and the functional and spatial structure of each town, and to assess its chances of regaining city status. Survey results indicate that the functional and spatial structure, as well as public spaces in all studied locations justify the efforts to restore these towns’ municipal rights.

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THE USE OF CAMERA TRAPS FOR IDENTIFYING VARIOUS TYPES OF FOREST RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF WDECKI LANDSCAPE PARK

Author(s): Mariusz Ciesielski,Miłosz Tkaczyk,Andżelika Haidt,Maciej Szewczyk,Patryk Waraksa / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: recreation; tourism; forest; forest visits; visitor monitoring;

Motives: Unlike nature monitoring, recreational activities in forests are not monitored regularly over wide areas. Therefore, research studies involving various methodologies are needed to generate valuable data for forest management.Aim: The aim of the present study was to identify different types of forest recreational activities in Wdecki Landscape Park based on data recorded by seven camera traps between 12 December 2019 and 12 December 2020.Results: The collected data revealed that walking, biking, and mushroom picking were the most popular recreational activities. Most activities were undertaken by single visitors or groups of two visitors between 10:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., mostly on weekends and in the autumn.

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TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH LAND-USE POLICIES IN POLISH CITIES AND TOWNS

Author(s): Marcin Feltynowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: land-use policy; GIS and CAD software; spatial data; cities and towns;

Motives: Land-use policies are legal instruments that are available to local governments. Modern land-use policies require specialized software and spatial data. A survey was conducted in the cities and towns of two Polish regions, and the results were used to describe the challenges facing local authorities in relation to land-use planning.Aims: The main aim of this study was to verify the use of spatial data formats and specialist software in the decision-making process in Polish cities and towns. The survey revealed differences in spatial data formats used by the analysed cities and towns. The research goal was achieved in the entire study group and in groups of differently sized cities.Results: The challenges and implications for land-use policy and decision-making in cities and towns were discussed. The survey revealed differences in the way specialist software is used in land-use planning in the analysed towns and cities. The use of open-source software was examined, and the study demonstrated that georeferenced spatial data is generally lacking. The present findings can be used by the authorities to improve the process of formulating their land-use policies, and they suggest that municipal employees should regularly participate in training programs.

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ANALYSIS OF THE PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF 3D CADASTRAL VISUALISATION

Author(s): Kornelia Grzelka,Jarosław Bydłosz,Agnieszka Bieda / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: 3D cadastre; 3D visualisation; SWOT/TOWS analysis; visualisation platforms; visualisation analysis;

Motives: In the past twenty years, considerable progress has been made in 3D real estate cadastres and 3D visualisation technologies. These developments require advanced solutions for the visualisation of 3D cadastral objects.Aim: The main aim of this study was to propose an optimal 3D cadastre visualisation strategy that accounts for user needs, the types of visualised data, and visualisation platforms.Results: The optimal 3D cadastre visualisation strategy was determined by performing a SWOT/ TOWS analysis. Both internal and external factors that can influence the development of 3D cadastre visualisation policies were considered in the analysis. The results of the study were used to propose an aggressive strategy (based on the identified strengths and opportunities) for the development of 3D cadastre visualisation.

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WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SCENARIOS AND TRANSBOUNDARY HYDRO-POLITICAL CONCERNS IN IRAN’S EASTERN BORDER AREAS

Author(s): Afshin Mottaghi,Kamran Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri,Mosayeb Ghareh-Beygi / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2023

Keywords: water resources; positive mathematical programming; economic scenarios; crop price; hydrology; reduction in productivity;

Motives: Since the main sources of some rivers are located in neighbouring countries, hydrologicalissues in the eastern part of Iran are critical. The water dispute between Iran and the neighbouringAfghanistan is related to environmental issues and human health.Aim: The aim of this study was to demonstrate how transboundary water conflicts increase humanvulnerability through economic issues such as reduced productivity in the agricultural sector.Results: The study’s originality lies in the application of the positive mathematical programmingapproach to the agricultural sector, specifically in evaluating the impact of water pricing policies oncrop selection and irrigation water use. A quadratic cost function was calibrated to develop threescenarios of water resources consumption (30%, 40%, and 70% reduction for farmers in group 1,and 10%, 25%, and 75% reduction for farmers in group 2) and price increase (70%, 80%, and 100%increase). The calibration of the quadratic cost function revealed an increase in irrigation efficiency(water resources consumption) as well as an increase in the region’s irrigated area.

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Information packaging strategies serving the communicative needs of speakers

Author(s): Nataša Stojanovska-Ilievska / Language(s): English / Issue: 03 (38)/2022

Keywords: information packaging; information structure; light verb constructions; full verbs; argument structure;

This paper presents the findings of a study of diverse information packaging strategies employed by speakers of English to better serve their communicative needs in given contexts, based on examples from the British National Corpus (BNC). More precisely, the analysis centres around the information packaging possibilities offered by light verb constructions (LVCs) in comparison to their full verb counterparts. As is conventionally recognised in previous studies, LVCs formally stretch the predicate over a verbal and a nominal element (e.g. to order vs to give an order). It is precisely this fact that makes it possible for speakers to structure their utterances in various ways. Thus, either all participants are overtly realized in the sentence and the communicative focus could be placed on each one of them depending on the context, or some participants are reduced, which is the preferred strategy when their identity is implied, unfamiliar, irrelevant or would rather be concealed.

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The lexico-phraseological profile of professional film reviews published by the British media: A corpus-linguistic study

Author(s): Tatiana Szczygłowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 03 (38)/2022

Keywords: corpus linguistics; film reviews; keywords; key terms; lexical bundles;

Using corpus linguistic techniques, this exploratory study is intended to provide a descriptive insight into frequent lexical bundles, keywords and key terms as well as selected lexical markers of style used in a corpus of professional film reviews. The research material includes 210 domain-specific texts from the years 2020-2021, extracted from the websites of six British newspapers, magazines and institutions offering guides for moviegoers. The results show that the analyzed reviews make frequent use of general cinematic terms and more specific lexis denoting the different types and (sub)genres of cinematic productions represented by the reviewed films. Other salient lexical features include a high concentration of referential but low concentration of stance bundles, though attitudinal items, particularly evaluation adjectives, significantly enrich the lexical inventory of the reviews. The presented data may have important pedagogic applications in the area of teaching authentic English to future film reviewers and film journalists.

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Cognitive “warning signs” in human trafficking media texts

Author(s): ELINA PALIICHUK / Language(s): English / Issue: 03 (38)/2022

Keywords: human trafficking; image-schemas; conceptual analysis; empirical study; warning signs; media text;

This paper focuses on image schema manifestations in media texts on human trafficking, which may perform the role of “warning” signals in anti-trafficking media campaigns. For this, a conceptual analysis was done to establish profiled image schemas, and a survey was conducted to measure the reader’s response to two types of texts on human trafficking (HT), different in genre and schemata organisation. The texts were selected as experimental material representing typical human trafficking media discourse. The participants were divided into control (G1) and experimental (G2) groups according to the type of text they were exposed to. G1 read an expository text (T1) and G2 read a media narrative (T2). The respondents of G2 showed a significant tendency for a higher degree of involvement in the problem of human trafficking when reading T2 as contrasted to the responses of G1 to T1. G2 identified their reaction as a feeling being in danger. Looking back to T2, it was clear that respondents reacted to verbal manifestations of prevailing CONTAINMENT and SCALE/ PROCESS/UP schemata clusters. G1 gave the weaker emotional response to T1 with verbal manifestations of UP, BLOCKAGE, and COUNTERFORCE schemata. It can be assumed that CONTAINMENT is the image schema organising spatial representation of human trafficking from the victim’s perspective, conveying the feeling of being contained, being in a difficult situation, being in an enclosed space, supported with other schemata manifestations through the lens of the concept of bigness, large scale, growing process, etc. The results may be used in anti-trafficking content as a new methodology for raising awareness in a target audience vulnerable to HT.

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Advertising linguistic framework: An instrument for teaching grammar in EFL university classrooms

Author(s): Taofeek O. Dalamu,KE YANG / Language(s): English / Issue: 03 (38)/2022

Keywords: advertising; grammar; interaction; mood; teaching;

This study explored the employment of advertising texts as tools for teaching grammar to foreign learners of English, as their constituent organisation is assumed to enhance the understanding of some grammatical details. Ten advertisements of beverages, banks, telecommunications, condiments, cream, and soap served as the research material. After the application of the grammar of interaction to the communicative components, the tables and graphs functioned to calibrate the grammatical mnemonics and semantic resources of the clauses. This study analysed the use of orthographic clauses, Six Countries, Six Voices, and One Song; alphanumeric clauses, Dial *966*911# to stop debit transactions on your account; and compounding, DataPlus, Smartphone as qualities of advertising. One also observed novel constructions such as EazyBanking and Souper; acronyms, as in UBA United Bank for Africa; and hash-tag as in #EachForE- qual, as well as the deployment of interspersed and splintered grammatical entities such as Starting from 17:59, Olympic Gold Medalist, Cheers to those who came before us and Pledge to drink right. The authors suggest that applications of the textual devices characteristic of advertising in the university classroom might en- courage learners to practise the grammar of English.

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Thank you, sorry and please: English politeness markers in Polish

Author(s): Katarzyna Lach Mirghani / Language(s): English / Issue: 03 (38)/2022

Keywords: linguistic politeness; pragmatic borrowings; politeness markers; thank you; sorry; please;

The aim of this study is to analyse the use of the English politeness markers thank you, sorry andplease in Polish.My initial hypothesis was that the politeness markers have already been incorporated intothe mental lexicon of Polish speakers, and are thus understood and accepted by them, but they do not havethe prospect of replacing their Polish equivalents because they lack the necessary pragmatic force. Previousstudies (Terkourafi 2011; Peterson &Vaattovaara 2014) show that pragmatic borrowings are unlikely todo so. However, this corpus study finds a context in which a borrowing is used increasingly, namely sorryin the collocation with ale (ʻbutʼ). It seems to have started replacing its Polish equivalents in this context,as it constitutes 25% of all collocations of apologetic behaviour with ale in the National Corpus of Polish.However, the majority of the occurrences of the analysed politeness markers in the corpus are restrictedto Internet-mediated communication.

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Between V and T address: The translation of English address terms into Polish in serial storytelling (the case of Doc)

Author(s): Agata Rozumko / Language(s): English / Issue: 03 (38)/2022

Keywords: address term; Doc; translation; crime fiction series; relational work; English; Polish;

This study is concerned with the translation of address terms in serial storytelling. It adopts the interpersonal pragmatics perspective on address terms and treats them as elements of fictional charactersʼ relational work, i.e. the work they do to negotiate their relationships in interaction. More specifically, this paper focuses on the renditions of the form Doc as used by detective Jane Rizzoli to address doctor Maura Isles in the Polish translation of Tess Gerritsenʼs Rizzoli and Isles crime fiction series. Since English and Polish have different address systems (N-V-T and T-V, respectively) and there are no informal terms equivalent to Doc to address a female doctor in Polish, its renditions depend entirely on the translatorʼs ability to understand and recreate the charactersʼ relational interaction. The Polish translators of the Rizzoli and Isles series showed different degrees of attention to the interactional coherence of the translation, which is why some of its parts contain inappropriate and impolite address forms. Overall, the relational workdone by the characters has largely been domesticated in the translation and adapted to Polish speech patterns and rules of politeness. Consequently, shifts in the charactersʼ address mode take place at different moments in the translation than they do in the original version, and the form Doc is rendered in a variety of ways (both formal and informal) depending on the stage of the charactersʼ relational interaction.

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“A Stranger in a Strange Land”: Nadine Gordimer and Her Journey Through Egypt

Author(s): Marek Pawlicki / Language(s): English / Issue: 04 (39)/2022

Keywords: Nadine Gordimer; travel writing; Egypt; South African literature;

The aim of the article is to describe Nadine Gordimer’s political development in the late 1950s by analysing her travel essay “Egypt Revisited” (1959) and her short story “A Thing of the Past” (1959). In the first part of the article, Gordimer’s political stance is explained in reference to her non-fictional texts. It is argued that in the late 1950s Gordimer was torn between her liberal humanist belief in multiracialism and the awareness that this stance was becoming increasingly untenable in the changing historical circumstances. Her journey to Egypt in 1959 gave her a valuable opportunity to consider her political convictions in the wider context of the decolonization processes happening on the African continent. What is clear both in “Egypt Revisited” and “A Thing of the Past”—a short story inspired by her visit to Egypt—is her desire to transcend the colonial perspective by distancing herself from her racial and social origins. These texts also convey her belief that the decolonization processes in African countries force the white inhabitants of the continent to redefine themselves so that they can remain politically relevant in the new reality. This belief would become the basis of the political and artistic theories that she developed in the decades to follow.

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How to Disembark Completely: Annemarie Schwarzenbach’s and Ella Maillart’s Afghan Journey (1939)

Author(s): Julia Szołtysek / Language(s): English / Issue: 04 (39)/2022

Keywords: Joseph Campbell; Ella Maillart; Maureen Murdock; Annemarie Schwarzenbach; hero quest; journey; memoir; travelogue; travel writing; women on the road;

In 1939, when the world was but a step away from the irreversible, Ella Maillart and Annemarie Schwarzenbach set out from Engadine, an Alpine valley region in the eastern Swiss Alps, heading for Kabul, Afghanistan. The journey was far from safe; the greatest dangers, though, lurked not so much in the curves and bends of the road as in the recesses of Schwarzenbach’s boyishly coiffed head. Through a close reading of Maillart’s and Schwarzenbach’s memoirs of the trip (The Cruel Way and All the Roads Are Open, respectively), this article endeavours to determine whether the journey was a means of escape from the impending doom of the war, especially given that they were both anti-fascists, or whether it was instead an attempt to cure Schwarzenbach of her addictions and help her recuperate after yet another stay at a mental hospital following a suicide attempt. Relying on Joseph Campbell’s mythologically-informed concepts of the hero quest and Maureen Murdock’s feminist rewriting of Campbell’s theory, the article’s analysis of the two women’s accounts of the journey also aims to probe the question of how they performed themselves and staged their travelling bodies in writing on the shaky scene offered by, on the one hand, the limited space of the speeding car and, on the other, by the seemingly boundless expanses of the route they followed.

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A Scientist’s and Tourist’s Touch – The Haptic in Travelogues about the Island of Java (M. Siedlecki and E.R. Scidmore)

Author(s): Tomasz Ewertowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 04 (39)/2022

Keywords: Anglophone travellers; haptic; Java; Polish travellers; sensuous geographies; touch; travel writing;

The article explores the haptic aesthetic of selected Polish and Anglophone travelogues about the island of Java: Jawa – przyroda i sztuka (1913) by a Polish biologist named Michał Siedlecki, and Java, the Garden of the East (1897) by the American writer Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore. A comparison of texts coming from different literary traditions should yield a deeper insight into the various aspects of conceptualising the haptic in travel writing. Java’s tropical environment provided travellers with new sensory experiences, consequently scrutinising how writers represented what they touched and felt, along with how descriptions of haptic sensations were associated with the ideological and aesthetic dimension of travel writing, can shed new light on how travel writing works and how multi-layered it is.

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Cucumbers and Creeps: Errors in Translation Studies and in the Polish Translation of Robert Macfarlane’s The Old Ways

Author(s): Grzegorz Moroz / Language(s): English / Issue: 04 (39)/2022

Keywords: Lefevere; Hejwowski; translation studies; errors; Robert Macfarlane;

Forty years ago, André Lefevere wrote a paper in which he exposed some of the ‘howling’ errors made by American translators of Berthold Brecht and declared the theme of errors to be unconstructive in the field of contemporary translation studies. Krzysztof Hejwowski, a Polish translation studies scholar, believed that the notion of errors should not be forgotten, no matter which way translation studies are heading. This paper is both a homage to Hejwowski and his ‘conservative’ agenda and an attempt to map the errors in the Polish translation of The Old Ways by Robert Macfarlane.

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Consuming Joyce: A Hundred Years of Ulysses in Ireland, by John McCourt, Bloomsbury Academic, 2022

Author(s): Peter Foulds / Language(s): English / Issue: 04 (39)/2022

Keywords: John McCourt; book review;

Book review: Consuming Joyce: A Hundred Years of Ulysses in Ireland, by John McCourt, Bloomsbury Academic, 2022, 288 pp. ISBN: ePDF: 978-1-3502-0583-3. £65.

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Nineteenth-Century Visions of Race: British Travel Writing about America by Justyna Fruzińska, Routledge, 2021

Author(s): Julia Szołtysek / Language(s): English / Issue: 04 (39)/2022

Keywords: book review; Justyna Fruzińska;

Book review: Nineteenth-Century Visions of Race: British Travel Writing about America by Justyna Fruzińska, Routledge, 2021, 158 pp. ISBN 9781032129327. £ 104.

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Latin American Documentary Narratives. The Intersections of Storytelling and Journalism in Contemporary Literature by Liliana Chávez Díaz, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2021

Author(s): ANNA MARIA KARCZEWSKA / Language(s): English / Issue: 04 (39)/2022

Keywords: book review; Liliana Chávez Díaz;

Book review: Latin American Documentary Narratives. The Intersections of Storytelling and Journalism in Contemporary Literature by Liliana Chávez Díaz, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2021, 312 pp. ISBN: 9781501366031. £ 64.80.

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Jewish Sources in Picoʼs Concept of “Dignitas Hominis”: An Outline of the Problem

Author(s): Jan Herůfek / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: Giovanni Pico; Flavius Mithridates; the dignity of man; natural felicity; supernatural felicity;

The paper deals with Pico’s conception of man, especially with regard to his use of Jewish sources. This is mostly apparent in Pico’s works Oratio (1486), Conclusiones (1486) and Heptaplus (1488/89). Firstly, we point out his collaboration with Flavius Mithridates, who was Pico’s Hebrew teacher and an intepreter of some Jewish mystical texts (Gersonides, Nahmanides, Recanati). Secondly, we emphasize that at the same time Pico was in contact with another Jewish scholar Yohanan Alemanno as well. For this reason, modern interpreters (Idel, Lelli) believe that one of the main sources not only for Pico’s Oratio but also for his late work Heptaplus were some of Alemanno’s writings (particularly his Heshek Shlomo and Hay ha-‘Olamin). Therefore, I examine Pico’s syncretic model of dignitas hominis, which was inspired on one hand by Neoplatonic philosophy and Aristotelianism, and on the other hand by Jewish and Christian mystical tradition.

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Thought Experiments and Conceptual Analysis in Ethics

Author(s): Kamil Cekiera / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: thought experiments; conceptual analysis; intuition; disagreement; concepts;

In recent years a lot of metaphilosophical attention has been paid to the role of thought experiments in philosophical inquiry. According to the popular picture, thought experiments are among the most prominent methods for conceptual analysis. However, it is also often claimed that thought experiments in ethics differ from those that are used in other fields of philosophy as being of a different nature—they are not about the concepts, but rather about the things in the world (what those things exactly are depends on the particular metaethical theory one subscribes to). In the paper I argue that this claim is wrong. Conceptual analysis is of a huge value to ethics for it substantially helps to clarify the concepts one uses while making a moral judgment. It is very often the case that the apparent moral disagreement between two subjects turns out to be superficial since it is rooted in the misunderstanding on the conceptual level, for example when one uses some concept equivocally. Moreover, through thought experiments conceptual analysis can help to bring out the tacit assumptions that relate to the concepts involved.

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