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Universities’ Involvement in Promoting Digital Entrepreneurship and Future Digital Entrepreneurship Opportunities through Digital Technologies in Indonesia

Author(s): Muhammad Asif Khan / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2022

Keywords: digital entrepreneurship; academic entrepreneurship; digitalization; opportunities; stakeholders; business forms;

Objectives: This study aims to identify the roles of various universities in Indo- nesia in providing education that helps develop digital entrepreneurship: this includes the implications, contributions, and challenges of digitalization; the identification of the impact of digital entrepreneurship on businesses within Indonesia; and an examination of the opportunities and challenges for digital entrepreneurship in Indonesian universities. Methodology: The research adopted a qualitative data analysis methodology. This was achieved through secondary data collection, mainly through a content review of the existing literature. Findings: The study results indicate that academics have engaged in various forms of digital entrepreneurship, including e-commerce, commercial applica- tion development, and digital education business. Each step of digital academic entrepreneurship has been conceived within the context of universities. Digital academic entrepreneurship is the use of digital technology to achieve a goal, and this model includes the following components: motivation, stakeholders, processes, and business forms. Implications: Universities must effectively embrace and foster digital academic entrepreneurship. According to this study, there are many ways that the gov- ernment may encourage digital entrepreneurship at universities. Educational institutions have to give more thought to the growth of student businesses, particularly after firms have been established. The monitoring of student businesses should be handled by a specialized team based at universities. Limitations: The main limitation was the fact that the study was limited to sec- ondary data sources; therefore, future research should focus on primary data. Additionally, it was limited to Indonesian universities; future research should be performed on institutions in more advanced countries. Furthermore, the study used a qualitative research method; therefore, future research should use alternative research methodologies.

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HARMONISATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT BY MEANS OF VISUAL ART, LIGHTING DESIGN, AND ARCHITECTURE

Author(s): Olha Pidlisna,Alyona Simonova,Nina Ivanova,Viktoriya Bondarenko,Andrii Yesipov / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: creativity of the urban environment; Kharkiv; urban space; small architectural forms; lighting design;

Motives: This study was undertaken to fill in the gap in theoretical knowledge about the challenges associated with transformations in the modern urban environment, the socio-cultural consequences of external changes in the urban landscape, and growing interest in the urban environment as a unique locus of artistic and creative activity.Aim: The purpose of the study was to analyse modern methods of optimising the urban environment by means of visual art, lighting design, landscape architecture, and small architectural forms. Results: A harmonious urban environment was created in Kharkiv through the introduction of sophisticated design elements, art objects, and urban furniture in the architectural context. These elements were integrated to create distinct and high-quality urban recreation areas. Basic modelling principles for optimising the urban environment can be used to analyse and combine the existing methods, and search for new opportunities to implement creative design solutions.

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THE FOREST FUND AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR ADDRESSING BUDGET DEFICIT IN POLISH FOREST DISTRICTS

Author(s): Sławomir Jerzy Snarski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: forest districts; funding system; public forests; special purpose fund;

Motives: The forest fund was established to ensure the financial stability of forest districts whose operations are financed by the State Forests National Forest Holding in Poland. However, the main role of the forest fund is to distribute funds from high-income forest districts to districts reporting a budget deficit.Aim: The purpose of this paper was to analyse and evaluate the model of managing forest fund resources in view of the provisions of the applicable legal regulations.Results: Between 2013 and 2020, the allocation of funds to forest districts reporting losses did not contribute to fair and rational distribution of resources, nor did it eliminate differences in the financial performance of forest districts operating under various environmental and economic conditions and implementing nature promotion and social education activities. The mechanism by which timber sales (operating costs that reduce profit) can be deducted from the forest fund raises serious doubt. Districts that benefit from such write-offs can program the amount of deductions in the forest fund. The above violates the principle of tax equality which states that tax laws should be applied in an identical manner to all taxpayers. A decrease in profits posted by forest districts reduces the central government’s revenues in virtue of the taxes paid by the State Forests.

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AN ANALYSIS OF URBAN GREEN SPACES – A CASE STUDY IN POLAND AND SLOVAKIA

Author(s): Tomasz Starczewski,Milan Douša,Ewelina Lopata / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: 2030 Agenda; sustainable urban development; green city; landscape management; resilience;

Motives: Rapid urbanisation and the associated spatial, environmental, and economic changes have shifted the researchers’ attention to modern cities. Urban green spaces are a vital component of sustainable development because they reduce noise, purify air, improve the local climate and rainwater quality, and provide numerous recreational and relaxation opportunities for the residents. The implementation of the green city concept can have a positive impact on both the environment and the quality of life in a city.Aim: The aim of the study was to analyse changes in the landscape and surface of urban green spaces, to present the structure of green areas, and to identify change trends in urban green spaces in the Polish city of Toruń and the Slovak city of Košice. The ecological resilience of the studied areas was also examined.Results: The results of the study indicate that the area occupied by urban green spaces (including urban green areas, sport and leisure facilities, and forests) continues to expand in the studied cities. The rate of increase was much higher, but still low, in the Slovak city of Košice. The analysis of change trends revealed that most industrial and commercial areas were developed in urban green spaces. At the same time, new green spaces were created mainly at the expense of semi-natural areas. Both Toruń and Košice are characterised by average landscape stability.

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URBAN TRANSPORT, LOGISTICS, AND TOURISM: REVIEW OF A CUTTING-EDGE SOCIALLY-ORIENTED APPROACH TO INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Roman Vitaliyovich Sushchenko,Yaroslav Zapara,Volodymyr Saienko,Viktor Kostiushko,Larysa Lytvynenko,Svitlana Pron / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: innovative approach; traffic management system; tourist flow; flexible logistics support system; military escalation;

Motives: Rapid urbanization has increased public awareness about logistics support for urban traffic flows. Given this interest, the relevance of this research is beyond any doubt.Aim: The study aims to identify the most cutting-edge approaches for facilitating traffic and tourism flows using various urban transport modes, and to define the opportunities for their application on the domestic market.Results: The results of the conducted analyses suggest that the development of rail transport is the most promising and vital step in improving urban transport and logistics infrastructure, including in the tourism sector. The study established that intelligent transport systems in urban areas, including public transport, logistics flows, tourist flows, parking, and road traffic control, are complex management systems. A critical examination of several cases supported the identification of regularities in factors that affect the dynamics of urban traffic flows. In view of the rapid development of transport and logistics infrastructure around the world, development opportunities in rural areas bordering large cities were identified. The most effective approaches to resolving logistics problems in a period of war were determined.

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ALTERNATIVE USES OF FORMER COASTAL ARTILLERY MILITARY BASES IN KOSZALIN COASTLAND IN VIEW OF THE GROWING POPULARITY OF MILITARY TOURISM

Author(s): Aleksandra Zienkiewicz,Tomasz Stanisław Podciborski,Andrii Terebukh / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2023

Keywords: military tourism; military sites on the Koszalin Coast;

Motives: In recent years, the popularity of military tourism has increased considerably in Central and Eastern European countries, especially among tourists who have an interest in military history and technology.Due to the general scarcity of methods and studies examining alternative uses of former military bases, including coastal artillery bases, a reliable method for assessing the value of such sites for military tourism should be developed. The study presents the history of the analysed military bases, and it examines the extent to which the existing facilities could be converted into tourist attractions. An innovative method for evaluating the tourism potential of defunct military bases was proposed and verified, and the required changes for improving the accessibility and applicability of military facilities for educational and tourism purposes were described. Two former military sites in Koszalin coastal region were selected for the study.Aim: The main aim of the study was to propose an original method for assessing alternative uses of former coastal military bases, and to evaluate the educational and tourism potential of former military bases on the Koszalin Coast (a subregion of the South Baltic Coast) on the example of two former military facilities: Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division No. 68 in Łeba and Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division No. 66 in Naćmierz.Results: The results of the study indicate that the evaluated military sites have considerable tourism potential, in particular for tourists who have an interest in military history. An analysis of exogenous as well as endogenous (architectural and historical features) factors revealed that both sites could attract tourists, including visitors who are not strictly interested in military facilities. The assessment conducted using the proposed method demonstrated that the Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division No. 68 in Łeba is characterised by high tourist attractiveness, whereas the Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division No. 66 in Naćmierz is characterised by moderate tourist attractiveness.

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEIVED LIVEABILITY INDEX WITH THE USE OF ADJUSTED AND WEIGHTED ASPECTS BASED ON A MULTI-STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVE IN THE INDONESIAN CITY OF BALIKPAPAN

Author(s): Saiful Ghozi,Ida Bagus Dharmawan,Dessy Handa Sari,Tizar M. Bijaksana,Suheriah M. Devi / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2023

Keywords: perceived liveability index; Balikpapan; Analytic Hierarchy Process;

Motives: Dynamic strategic issues have raised concerns about perceived liveability measurements to maintain a high quality of life that affects the residents’ wellbeing. Liveability aspects and indicators should be adjusted to accurately identify local issues and living conditions, and to promote community participation. Rigorous research methods with more representative samples are required to improve the accuracy of perceived liveability analyses in a specific context. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the perceived liveability index in the Indonesian city of Balikpapan. The economic development of Balikpapan relies heavily on natural resources, and the city will be affected by the government’s plan to relocate the Indonesian capital. A survey involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted to analyse perceived liveability in Balikpapan. The aspects and indicators of perceived liveability were adjusted and weighted based on a multi- stakeholder perspective to accurately represent the interests of all stakeholders when calculating the perceived liveability index using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A content analysis of open- ended responses was carried out to analyse the feedback and the problems experienced by Balikpapan residents. The developed approach contributed to a better understanding of the residents’ opinions regarding the quality of life in the city. Results: Eight aspects of perceived liveability consisting of 51-item indicators were defined in this study. These aspects were arranged in the following descending order based on the values of theassigned weights: (1) access to basic utilities, (2) environment and health, (3) social development and security, (4) economy, (5) utility, (6) transport, (7) spatial development, and (8) recreation, culture, and public spaces. The analysis revealed that industrial and urban development in the eastern part of the city is inversely proportional to the perceived liveability index. In turn, urban development plans in the northern part of the city offer better prospects for new urban residents, economic actors, and stakeholders in the future residential design. The two major factors of perceived liveability, namely cleanliness and safety, indicate that the city effectively accommodates the needs of the existing residents, as well as potential migrants. Floods and poor road quality were identified as the most pressing problems in the city. According to the residents, economic problems and job insecurity were the main consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study can assist the local authorities in enhancing the capacity of urban policies or levels of policy implementation to meet the needs of local residents.

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WEBSITES AS A TOOL FOR COMMUNICATING WITH TOURISTS – THE EXAMPLE OF YACHT MARINAS ON THE POLISH BALTIC COAST

Author(s): Ewa Hącia,Aleksandra Łapko / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2023

Keywords: communication strategies of yacht marinas; marketing tools; websites; social media; promotion; tourism management;

Motives: Businesses rely on the Internet to facilitate marketing communication, attract customers,and build customer loyalty. The Internet can be used not only as an additional channel for distributinginformation about the company, but also as a means of interactive communication for commercialpurposes or promotional activities. This is of great importance for service providers, including tourismsector businesses such as marinas.Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the content of websites owned by Baltic yacht marinasin the Polish voivodeships of West Pomerania and Pomerania. Marina websites were analysed basedon their usefulness for potential tourists in 2018, 2020, and 2022, using the adopted criteria, and datafor each year were compared to examine changes over time. The applied research methods includedtheoretical and analytical observations, website analysis, and a point ranking scale. A comparativeanalysis of the obtained results was performed. This is the first study to examine the extent to whichmarinas rely on social media for marketing and advertising purposes.Results: The results of the conducted analyses provided answers to the formulated research questions.Few marinas use websites as a tool for communicating with potential customers, but their owners arebeginning to recognize the potential of the Internet in this regard.

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A SMART AGE-FRIENDLY CITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SEASONAL MIGRATION OF SENIOR RESIDENTS. THE CASE OF BENIDORM

Author(s): Agnieszka Labus / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2023

Keywords: age friendly cities; urban renewal; smart destination (SD); smart city; seasonal migration; Benidorm;

Benidorm is one of the most popular Spanish destinations for seasonal migrants, especially seniors,in the winter season. This article discusses the evolution of age-friendly smart cities in the contextof the seasonal migration of the elderly on the example of Benidorm. Benidorm is one of the globalleaders in implementing the concept of a smart city and a smart destination (SD) (Coban & Aydın,2020). The aim of the article was to confront the urban renewal programs implemented in Benidormwith the concept of an age-friendly city according to the definition proposed by the WHO (2007).The concept of an age-friendly city and a smart destination was defined, and the presented results canassist European tourist destinations in targeting their urban renewable policies at seasonal migrantsin response to the progressive aging of the population.

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AN ANALYSIS OF BAGHDAD’S MASTERPLANS BASED ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF GREEN AREAS

Author(s): Firas Majeed,Zaynab Abaas / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2023

Keywords: green areas; comprehensive development plans; Baghdad city plans;

Motives: Baghdad is the capital city and an important political, administrative, social, cultural andeconomic centre of Iraq. Baghdad’s growth and development has been significantly influenced byefforts to accommodate various needs of its steadily growing population. Uncontrolled populationand urban growth have exerted negative effects in numerous dimensions, including environmentalsustainability because urban expansion occurred in green spaces within the city and the surroundingareas.Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the planning solutions in Baghdad’s green areas in thepast and at present, and to identify the key changes in the city’s green areas, including changes in theratio of green urban spaces to the total area of the city. Comprehensive urban development plansfor Baghdad were analysed; the main solutions addressing urban green spaces were discussed; theadvantages and disadvantages of previous and present urban development plans were examined,and the percentage of green urban spaces in Baghdad was investigated based on drafts of the city’scomprehensive development plans.Results: Baghdad’s Masterplan pays considerable attention to the development and preservationof urban green spaces which exert profound effects on the climate, the local environment, the city’saesthetic and recreational value, and its social and economic development. The previous and presentmasterplans share numerous priorities with the aim of improving the city’s environmental andecological health.

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A METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN ON THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF MILITARY TOURISM SITES

Author(s): Tomasz Stanisław Podciborski,Anna Klimach,Dariusz Konieczny,Jacek Zabielski / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2023

Keywords: universal design; military tourism; public space;

Motives: The interest in military tourism has been increasing steadily around the world, especially among tourists interested in military history. Given the lack of methods and studies examiningthe impact of universal design on the attractiveness of public open spaces in military tourism sites,an innovative method should be developed to diagnose the accessibility of such sites for all socialgroups within the realm of the possibilities offered by universal design.Aim: The main aim of the study was to propose a method for assessing the impact of universal designon the attractiveness of public open spaces on the example of the Wolf’s Lair, a popular a militarytourism site in Poland. The specific objectives were to describe the origins of tourism, with specialemphasis on military tourism, and to present the unique characteristics of public space design.Public space attributes that contribute to effective design of tourist space were identified based on theresults of a questionnaire survey. Indicators and measures for assessing the identified attributes weredeveloped and presented, and the principles for their implementation were described.Results: The analyses carried out in the study revealed that the assessed site has considerable appeal fortourists, especially those interested in military history. Based on the results of the assessment conductedwith the use of the proposed method, it can be concluded that the examined site is characterised bya high level of tourist attractiveness. The presented findings constitute valuable information for themanagement of the Wolf’s Lair (State Forests).

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PROPOSAL OF A POINT VALUATION METHOD FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE SIGHT-AESTHETIC VALUE OF THE UNDERWATER LANDSCAPES OF LAKES IN THE CONTEXT OF EXPLORATION TOURISM

Author(s): Adam Senetra,Anna Źróbek-Sokolnik,Monika Wasilewicz-Pszczółkowska,Piotr Dynowski,Marta Czaplicka / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2023

Keywords: perception; lake; point valuation method; questionnaire surveys; Wigry National Park;

Motives: Most research on underwater landscapes is conducted in seas and oceans. Sight-aestheticassessments of the underwater world are very rarely conducted; the literature on the subject is scarceand does not cover inland bodies of water.Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a point valuation method for assessing the sight-aestheticvalue of inland bodies of water. Attractiveness maps can be generated to create and plan touristdevelopment and to identify attractive exploration sites for divers. The proposed method can also beapplied to channel underwater traffic to protect valuable areas as well as areas that are characterisedby low scenic beauty, but significant ecological functions.Results: A method for assessing underwater landscapes in inland water bodies was developed andan attractiveness map was generated. Measurements were performed at points randomly distributedin the measurement grid. The results of direct observations made by experienced divers were usedin the analysis. The study demonstrated that a point valuation method and attractiveness mapsof underwater landscapes of lakes can be developed.

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SEASONALITY OF SEASIDE TOWNS ON THE EXAMPLE OF SPATIAL PLANNING SOLUTIONS IN POLAND

Author(s): Natalia Soldatke,Sandra Żukowska,Marcin Połom / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2023

Keywords: tourism development; tourism; spatial planning; seaside resorts; spatial conflict; seasonality; spatial policy;

Motives: The present research was undertaken to address the general scarcity of studies addressingtourism seasonality.Aim: The main aim of the study was to identify differences in the spatial development of seasidetowns during and outside the summer season based on the example of the Polish towns of Puck andWładysławowo. Specific objectives included analyses and evaluations of tourist services offered in theexamined towns, permanent development solutions, tourism seasonality, the applied and applicablespatial policy tools, and the local residents’ opinions on tourist traffic, seasonal development of seasideresorts, and the appeal of spatial development projects in these towns.Results: The results of the study contribute to a better understanding of tourism seasonality in seasidetowns from multiple perspectives.

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STUDY OF THE CONTEMPORARY TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS OF THE UKRAINIAN RAILWAYS

Author(s): Oleh Strelko,Oleksandrа Solovyovа,Yuliia Berdnychenko,Hanna Kyrychenko,Lyubov Solovyovа / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2023

Keywords: digital transformation; digital advantages; innovative development; railway transport management;

Motives: The development of development of informatization and digitalization is critical not onlyfor improving the efficiency of transport operations, but also for promoting economic growth becausedigital and information technologies are becoming a key tool for managing technological processesand creating added value.Aim: The aim is to study was to assess contemporary trends in the development of transport systemswhich rely on information and communication technologies and drive innovative developmentstrategies in the Ukrainian railways.Results: The study demonstrated that railway transport operations in Ukraine should be rationalizedby transitioning to a new innovative model which incorporates high-tech infrastructure facilities andspecialized complexes based on advances in scientific knowledge, modern technology, and equipment.

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RECREATIONAL AND LEISURE DEVELOPMENT FOR THE ELDERLY IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS IN LUBLIN

Author(s): Ewa Trzaskowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2023

Keywords: seniors; leisure; block housing; development estates; greenery; public spaces;

Motives: A city is a socio-urban system. In urban development, emphasis is placed on housing needs,which leads to the development of housing estates. Although housing estates are poorly rated in Europe,they are still attractive places to live in Poland. However, they do not always meet the residents’ needs.This is especially true of seniors.Aim: Six housing estates in different districts of Lublin were analyzed. An attempt was madeto determine whether recreational and leisure facilities in the examined housing estates are conduciveto senior activities, whether they are influenced by the time of construction, and what measures canbe implemented to improve the accessibility of these spaces.Results: In contrast to newly built neighborhoods, older block housing is more abundant in green areasand public spaces that encourage active and passive recreation. Recreational development in housingestates lacks facilities for diverse groups of seniors. Active modernization measures are not beingimplemented to improve their functioning

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THE ROLE OF OLD TOWNS IN SMALL WARMIAN TOWNS IN SHAPING THE REGION’S CULTURAL LANDSCAPE

Author(s): Marek Zagroba / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2023

Keywords: small towns; spatial structure; cultural landscape; historical urban centers; architectural landmark;

Motives: The historical urban layout and architectural design of old towns significantly contribute tothe cultural landscape of small towns and the region. The main aim of this study was to evaluate therole of historical spatial structures in the development of the local cultural landscape. The study wasconducted in small Medieval towns in the Region of Warmia in north-eastern Poland. The extent towhich the architectural design of historical urban structures, in particular architectural landmarks,influences the local landscape was analyzed.Aim: The described research goals were achieved with the use of several research methods. The studydemonstrated that the Medieval spatial urban layout of old towns, including architectural landmarks,significantly influences the region’s cultural landscape and contributes to a strong sense of localidentity. The results suggest that historical architecture and urban layout can contribute to theeconomic development of small towns.Results: The results indicate that well-preserved historical urban structures can contribute to theeconomic growth of small towns and effective promotion of regions.

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INCAPACITATION AND REAL ESTATE TRADING. A CASE STUDY

Author(s): Katarzyna Bagan-Kurluta,Krzysztof Michalak / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2023

Keywords: incapacitation; custody; real estate; legal representation; efficiency of civil proceedings;

Motives: Incapacitation is presented in the literature as an important legal device for protecting the rights of the persons concerned. At the same time, in some cases (such as legal transactions with foreign countries), the legal consequences of incapacitation seem to be disproportionate to the protected interests. This overview aims to present a short case study that highlights the differences in the interests, possible views and demands of the parties in transactions involving real estate owned by incapacitated persons. Aim: To initiate a debate on the degree of necessary legal protection in transactions involving real estate owned by incapacitated persons, and to analyze in a discursive manner the jurisdictional, procedural, and socioeconomic dimensions of a single problem in a short case study. Results: Depending on the context, incapacitation can be both a form of protection and a difficulty in particular civil cases involving parties with limitations or residing in different jurisdictions.

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SPATIO-TEMPORAL MODELLING OF HOUSING SATISFACTION INDICATORS BASED ON STATISTICAL DATA – EVIDENCE FROM POLAND

Author(s): Radosław Cellmer / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2023

Keywords: housing needs; spatial dependencies; spatial panel model; spatio-temporal analysis;

Motives: The research problem addressed in the paper is the identification of sources of the spatial differentiation of housing satisfaction under the influence of external factors (economic, demographicand social).Aim: The main research objective was to identify the determinants and spatial differentiationof housing satisfaction in Poland. Both classical panel models and spatial panel models were usedfor the analyses.Results: The results of the study confirmed the hypothesis that the inclusion of spatial dependenciessignificantly improved the quality of the panel model. The developed models supported thedetermination of statistical relationships between economic, demographic and social factors, thenumber of dwellings per 1000 inhabitants, and the average floor space per person. In addition,the spatial distribution of individual effects in spatial panel models revealed variation in housing satisfaction that resulted from different levels of socio-economic development.

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RECONSTRUCTION OF STADIUMS: A CASE STUDY OF UKRAINE

Author(s): Oleksandr Chub,Iryna Kreizer / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2023

Keywords: sports facilities; football; development; investments; new projects;

Motives: In Ukraine, stadiums have been built in line with global design and construction standards.Light and color play an important role in the design process, and traditional regional forms andornaments have been incorporated into conceptual designs. The construction or reconstructionof stadium is fraught with numerous problems due to the need to separate different categoriesof spectators, ensure spectator comfort, and decrease project costs.Aim: The aim of this article was to analyze and compare the condition of Ukrainian stadiums in 2020and 2022–23, to identify the reasons for poor stadium maintenance, and to propose solutions to theseproblems.Results: The main characteristics and design concepts of Ukrainian stadiums were described.The existing problems were identified in each stadium, and potential solutions were proposed. Stadiumreconstruction projects were reviewed, and their strengths and weaknesses were described.

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PLANNING CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED TOWNS – RESULTS OF PRELIMINARY RESEARCH IN SOUTHERN WIELKOPOLSKA REGION

Author(s): Eliza Kalbarczyk,Mariusz Roszyk / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2023

Keywords: city; measure; midwestern Poland; pro-climate; town council resolution;

Urban adaptation to climate change is necessary. However, this process occurs mainly in big cities.In less populated areas, climate change adaptation actions are conducted and investigated less frequently.The goal of the study was to examine whether and what type of climate adaptation actions are plannedin small and medium-size towns and whether town size is related to the advancement of adaptationplanning. The research was carried out in 5 differently sized towns in southern Wielkopolska Region:Żerków, Koźmin Wielkopolski, Pleszew, Jarocin, and Ostrów Wielkopolski. The analysed materialswere the minutes of town council sessions in 2017–2021 and the resolutions adopted by town councils.The resolutions were analysed in terms of reference to pro-climate actions. It was found that climate-related topics were addressed by 4-6% of the resolutions adopted by town councils. In most cases,the planned actions were related to the following sectors: transport, power engineering, and watermanagement. The study found a link between town size and the number of documents addressingpro-climate actions.

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