National peculiarities in approaching the Classics: The case of Catullus with Hungarian modernism
National peculiarities in approaching the Classics: The case of Catullus with Hungarian modernism
Keywords: World literature. Comparative literature. Translation. Nachleben. Medieval literature.
The Greco-Roman Classics form a body of texts that belong indisputably to world literature, yet they are often left outside the scope of comparative literature because of their ambiguous relationship to the concept of national literature. This article describes the current situation of academia in which the comparative approach to the Classics is limited and tests the possibility of regarding them as a code or a language of comparison. The attitudes of various national literatures towards the Classics in different historical periods are revealing not only of ancient literary traditions but also about modern ones, and provide a solid basis for comparison. The second part of the article discusses the presence of Catullan poetry in Hungarian modernist literature as a case study. Roman poetry was invoked mostly by some progressive circles of the interwar literary field to promote the development of various linguistic facets of the modernist poetic discourse. This example shows how the Classics enter the world literary space through national literatures’ active involvement with them.
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Nation vs. world? Global imprints on Shakespeare and the orientation of world literature
Nation vs. world? Global imprints on Shakespeare and the orientation of world literature
Keywords: World literature. Global Shakespeare. National identity. Cultural diffusionism. Transtextuality.
William Shakespeare is said to be uniquely omnipresent in the world’s literature, yet world literature concepts only devote marginal attention to him, so a conceptual change of direction is necessary for an understanding of his peculiar position. Whereas reception history has long highlighted the nation as the main critical framework, transcultural inquiries are now (re)discovering submerged imprints from regions such as Southwest Asia and West Africa on the initial formation of Shakespeare’s texts. These enable a reorientation in theorizing world literature, to grasp the nature of his achievements and to apply this new direction to other authors.
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World literature and national literatures in Portuguese
World literature and national literatures in Portuguese
Keywords: World literature. Portuguese-speaking space. National literatures. “Lusophonias.” Semiperiphery. Anthologies.
The paper explores the concept of world literature in the context of national literatures in Portuguese. It analyzes the historical and cultural factors that influenced the formation of Portuguese nationhood, which has been historically linked with empire and colonization, and how this has affected the development of multiple “Lusophonias” (national literatures in Portuguese-speaking countries). It also rethinks Portugal’s semi-peripheral position in the European and world contexts and its relation to other Portuguese-speaking spaces and the wider world.
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Gender as a mediation between world literature and national literature
Gender as a mediation between world literature and national literature
Keywords: Gender dynamics. Language. Im-mobility. National/world literature.
This article approaches the discussion on world and national literature from an interactive gender angle, pointing to a hybrid multi-scaling of their components. It probes Anna Akhmatova’s and Ingeborg Bachmann’s gender and language performance within two (re)imperializing post-World War I/II structures, the socialist Bolshevik and nationalist Austrian ones, and how these two writers rewrite these structures from within, from the positions of forced immobility and high mobility. It is the way gender evolves and mutates in their work that navigates the national and world aspects of their production as well as their individual cogency in performing what can be read as national and/or world literature.
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Cross-culture, translation and post-aesthetics: Chinese online literature in/as world literature in the Internet era
Cross-culture, translation and post-aesthetics: Chinese online literature in/as world literature in the Internet era
Keywords: Chinese online literature. World literature and national literature. Network. Translation. Canon.
In recent years, online fiction has emerged as a new form of Chinese literature, not only with a huge domestic readership, but also as a form increasingly favored by readers from various countries, becoming a new literary landscape in the world. Whether the emergence of Chinese online literature has had an impact on the existing world literature and its complex relationship with national literature deserves in-depth study. Taking world literature as a theoretical perspective, this paper compares the origins of Chinese online literature and its development history, explores its translation and circulation mechanisms, and probes its relationship with the canon in order to discover potential new constructions of world literature. This article finds that Chinese online literature originated from the Chinese complex of overseas wanderers, and its early writing was characterized by a mishmash of Chinese and Western influences. In the process of its development, Chinese online literature has emphasized the highlighting of traditional Chinese cultural elements, while on the other hand, it has continuously absorbed and localized the essence of world popular literature and culture. Chinese online literature is not Chinese literature in the first place, but the literature of the network. The value of Chinese online literature does not stay at the level of aesthetic value but lies in its unique literary concept of shuang and a post-aesthetic paradigm. The above shows that Chinese online literature is a typical representation of the cultural exchange between China and the West in the Internet era, a post-aesthetic world literature with translation and circulation as its fundamental premise, and a new representative of popular literature into world literature.
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The Slavs in the Hungarian Chronicles
The Slavs in the Hungarian Chronicles
Keywords: Hungarian chronicles; the Slavs; Hungarian historical tradition;
The article describes the way of presentation of the Slavs in the Hungarian medi- eval chronicles. They were only a background for the Hungarians as the subjugated popula- tion, therefore the Slavic tradition was generally uninteresting for the Hungarians. The Sclavi were one of the Slavic tribes only, identical to the Pannonian Slavs.
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An analysis of a collection’s arrangement as a source of information on the collector
An analysis of a collection’s arrangement as a source of information on the collector
Keywords: collections; collector’s biography; Poznań’s collector; history of collection;
The article contains an analysis of objects and their the owner, as a result of whichit was possible to partially recognize the space in which they were originally located, to provethe existence of the underlying idea and provided an opportunity to recreate it.
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THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND DEMOCRATISATION PROCESS IN POST-COMMUNIST ROMANIA
THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND DEMOCRATISATION PROCESS IN POST-COMMUNIST ROMANIA
Keywords: The European Union; Eastern Europe; Romania; Democratisation; Institutions; Communism;
The fall of Communism in the Central and Eastern European countries in the year 1989, was a historical change had occurred after the demise of communism. The decline of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 was one of the most important proceedings of the period: the conclusive end of the Cold War and the Iron Curtain. After the disintegration of the former USSR, the Eastern bloc had started the modernisation of institutions and adopted the norms of demo- cracy. The third wave of democratisation of Samuel P. Huntington’s theory would apply the de- mocratic changes in Central and Eastern Europe and Romania as well. It traces the discussions and opinions of institutional and political development in Romania with special attention to the events around 1989 Post-communism and Eastern enlargement of the European Union. The paper assesses the role of the European Union to promote democratization through Eastern neighbour policy. The paper broadly discusses the institutional and political development in Romania and the role of Copenhagen criteria and the country’s accession to the EU in early 2007. The result of this article is that Romania has successfully integrated into the European Union but that democratization is declining in the country.
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THE POSITION OF HISTORICAL SCIENCE OF THE UKRAINIAN SSR IN THE CONDITIONS OF COMMUNIST IDEOLOGY IN THE YEARS OF KHRUSHCHEV’S «THAW» AND THE UNFOLDING OF BREZHNEV’S «STAGNATION»
THE POSITION OF HISTORICAL SCIENCE OF THE UKRAINIAN SSR IN THE CONDITIONS OF COMMUNIST IDEOLOGY IN THE YEARS OF KHRUSHCHEV’S «THAW» AND THE UNFOLDING OF BREZHNEV’S «STAGNATION»
Keywords: historical science; scientific research; communist ideology; Soviet totalitarian regime; falsification; intellectual resistance; national past of Ukraine; Ukrainian scientists; objectivity ;
The article shows the complete subordination of historical science in the Ukrainian SSR to the ideology of the Soviet state. The concept of the historical development of the Ukrainian people during the 60s and 70s of the 20th century was determined not by scientists, but by party-communist ideologues. The concept of the rapprochement of nations, the creation of a «new historical community of Soviet people» and the condemnation of the ideology of «bo- urgeois nationalism» came to the fore. When researching the history of the Ukrainian SSR, scientists were tasked with not focusing on national differences and promoting the «exceptional» role of the Russian people in the life of Ukrainians in every possible way.
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THE PHENOMENON OF PATHOSTREAMING AND PATHOLOGICAL CONTENT IN THE FACE OF MEDIA POLICY
THE PHENOMENON OF PATHOSTREAMING AND PATHOLOGICAL CONTENT IN THE FACE OF MEDIA POLICY
Keywords: pathostreaming; pathostreamer; pathoinfluencer; pathouser; mediapathologies;
Pathological online communication behaviours and their detrimental effects have remained a significant component of Internet research ever since it became a field of study in media science. It is safe to say that, in addition to the valuable content posted on social media, one can also find content that can be threatening given the media reality of today’s online au- dience. In the author’s opinion, pathostreaming and pathological content should certainly be considered as such. Pathostreaming is a new phenomenon in the media space, which involves posting of online recordings or images containing obscene, vulgar and sexual content, as well as, spreading hate speech on various digital platforms. Its peculiarity has contributed to the emergence of new media entities – the pathostreamer, the pathoinfluencer and the pathouser. The author of this article attempts to analyse the activities of obscene content creators and their viewers using content analysis and interviews. The paper’s goals are to demonstrate the phenomenon of pathostreaming as the risk of social pathologies being transmitted into the online space and to outline media policy towards this media problem.
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CHINA – THE PHILIPPINES RELATIONS IN THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE COOPERATION FRAMEWORK
CHINA – THE PHILIPPINES RELATIONS IN THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE COOPERATION FRAMEWORK
Keywords: Belt and Road Initiative; China; The Philippines; interdependency; identity ;
This article examines Chinese-Philippine cooperation within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This is an intriguing issue because, in 2016, many people predic- ted that China would exclude the Philippines from the BRI framework due to their dispute over the Scarborough Shoal. Former Philippine President Benigno Aquino III had criticized China’s South China Sea maritime expansion, but Duterte changed the country’s foreign policy in 2016. He followed China’s advice and moved forward, resolving differences between the two countries and developing a healthy bilateral relationship. This article found that the BRI framework is critical in this shift in diplomatic relations. China and the Philippines’ interdependence, as well as the shift in identity from an enemy to a partner, have both contributed to the improvement of China-Philippines relations.
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THE EUROPEAN UNION’S MIGRATION AND ASYLUM POLICY: PERSPECTIVES OF AFRICAN MIGRANTS IN EUROPE
THE EUROPEAN UNION’S MIGRATION AND ASYLUM POLICY: PERSPECTIVES OF AFRICAN MIGRANTS IN EUROPE
Keywords: European Union; Migration; Asylum Policy; African migrant;
The purpose of this study was to investigate the European Union (EU) Migration and Asylum Policy, a perspective of African migrants in Europe. Attempts were made to identi- fy the perception of Africans in the EU on its migration and Asylum policy and assess whether the policy encourages migration and Asylum in the EU. To achieve this, descriptive survey was employed and questionnaires were administered to 100 respondents in Europe from different African countries. The data collected using the online questionnaires were analyzed using per- centage, mean and standard deviations. From the results, it was concluded that immigration into the EU is undertaken by male citizens of most African countries especially at their youthful ages driven by the need to pursue education and job opportunities. Their stay in the EU breeds the desire (positive perception and desire) to obtain either work status or EU nationality. Many of them desire to be integrated into the host countries rather than repatriated to their countries. Finally, most of them greatly esteem the EU migration and asylum policy and prefer to stay within the EU than be resettled or repatriated, according to the new EU Pact policy.
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COMPETITION BETWEEN CHINA AND THE USA IN THE NOOSPHERE
COMPETITION BETWEEN CHINA AND THE USA IN THE NOOSPHERE
Keywords: Information operations; mechanisms of social impact; information; dez-information; nanosphere; creating public opinion;
This paper is devoted to the accompanying formation of the new order of the in- ternational Chinese-American struggle in the nosphere or otherwise the sphere of human reason. An analysis of the experiences of conflicts between the two-polar order that took place at the end of the 20th century and the present, in which the new world order emerges, leads to the conclusion that one of the most important goals of contemporary wars is to win the battle in the mind of man. This is perfectly understood by Chinese people who have centuries-old experien- ce in fighting for the minds of opponents. In addition to the general outline of the old and present Chinese concepts of conducting the information and psychological war, the diagram of the Chinese information apparatus and methods of its operation are also presented. The focus was also on the image of China and its opponent’s head – the USA – created by this apparatus and addressed to the international audience In writing the Article, methods of system analysis and critical analysis of public discourse were used.
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TELEWORKING: THE LANDSCAPE, ATTRACTIVENESS AND CONTOURS IN THE LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
TELEWORKING: THE LANDSCAPE, ATTRACTIVENESS AND CONTOURS IN THE LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
Keywords: Teleworking; landscape; Contour; attractiveness; organizations;
This paper investigated the landscape, attractiveness, and contours of teleworking in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted purely qualitative techniques. The sample size was 40 participants purposively selected in 25 work organizations in both private and public sectors. Study instruments were Key Informant Interviews conducted with 20 Human Resource Practi- tioners and In-Depth Interviews conducted with 20 senior staff members of the selected orga- nizations. Most organizations in Lagos were forced to adopt teleworking during or after the 2020 lockdown and its landscape in Lagos state has become wider and smoother. Study also revealed that teleworking is attractive to employees in terms of avoiding road/traffic challenges, enhances work-family balance and a viable option for individuals living with disabilities, pregnant and nursing mothers. To employers, it enhances business continuity, saves cost, and reduces concerns about disease and illnesses. The study identifies poor technological and infrastructural base, absence of labour policy framework, organizational policy, capacity building, data security issu- es as contours hindering effective teleworking in Lagos State. The practice of teleworking has been firmly established in Lagos State, Nigeria. Governments and Employers of labour stand to gain immensely from the adoption of teleworking if relevant social and organizational policies are made available, as well as making the operating economic and technological environments more conducive.
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RYSZARD STEFAŃSKI (ED.), CZŁOWIEK – SPOŁECZEŃSTWO – ŚWIAT: INFORMACJA [A MAN – SOCIETY – WORLD: AN INFORMATION], ADAM MARSZAŁEK PUBLISHING, TORUŃ–KIELCE 2021
RYSZARD STEFAŃSKI (ED.), CZŁOWIEK – SPOŁECZEŃSTWO – ŚWIAT: INFORMACJA [A MAN – SOCIETY – WORLD: AN INFORMATION], ADAM MARSZAŁEK PUBLISHING, TORUŃ–KIELCE 2021
Keywords: book review; Ryszard Stefański;
Ryszard Stefański (ed.), Człowiek – Społeczeństwo – Świat: Informacja [A Man – Society – World: an Information], Adam Marszałek Publishing, Toruń–Kielce 2021, pp. 299
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MIKOŁAJ LISEWSKI, SOFT POWER, SHARP POWER, LINKING POWER. MOCARSTWOWE SPOSOBY DZIAŁANIA CHIN I ICH ZNACZENIE DLA ŚWIATA [SOFT POWER, SHARP POWER, LINKING POWER. CHINA’S SUPERPOWER WAYS OF ACTING AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR THE WORLD], ADAM MARSZAŁEK PUB
MIKOŁAJ LISEWSKI, SOFT POWER, SHARP POWER, LINKING POWER. MOCARSTWOWE SPOSOBY DZIAŁANIA CHIN I ICH ZNACZENIE DLA ŚWIATA [SOFT POWER, SHARP POWER, LINKING POWER. CHINA’S SUPERPOWER WAYS OF ACTING AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR THE WORLD], ADAM MARSZAŁEK PUB
Keywords: book review; Mikołaj Lisewski;
Mikołaj Lisewski, Soft power, sharp power, linking power. Mocarstwowe sposoby działania Chin i ich znaczenie dla świata [Soft power, sharp power, linking power. China’s superpower ways of acting and their importance for the world], Adam Marszałek Publishing, Toruń 2021, pp. 230.
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DEPENDENCE ON CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PRODUCTS MADE FROM OIL AND GAS – ON THE WAY TO THE ANNIHILATION OF HUMANITY
DEPENDENCE ON CHEMICAL INDUSTRY PRODUCTS MADE FROM OIL AND GAS – ON THE WAY TO THE ANNIHILATION OF HUMANITY
Keywords: oil; gas; peak oil; world economy; NACE Rev2; chemical industry;
The study presents the consequences of economy’s dependence on chemical industry products made from oil and gas. It is reported that the economy is becoming increasingly dependent on the specified products. Based on the NACE Rev2 classification, the author lists the possible implications for all sectors of the economy of the cutting-off of the supplies of chemical industry products made from oil and gas It is demonstrated that the major consequences of the shortage of such products will be borne by agriculture, health protection, transport, automotive industry and construction. The paper lists the oil and gas processing products which are strategic in terms of the economy. The absence of the products may create a global economic crisis and make human development regress by 250 years.
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War in Ukraine and Russian Goals in the Western Balkans
War in Ukraine and Russian Goals in the Western Balkans
Keywords: Geopolitical design; Geopolitica; Neoclassical Geopolitics; Russia; Serbia; Western Balkans.
Russia has always had a keen interest in the Western Balkans. It washistorically realised in the context of geopolitical continuities of theexpansion of its territory and influence. Russia has tried to gain influencein this region for political, economic, identity and strategic reasons.However, after the start of military aggression against Ukraine in 2014,Russia opted for a confrontation in the Western Balkans where it opposesthe EU and NATO expansion policies and influence of the West in thisregion. Key Russian leverage for spreading its influence in the region isthe Serbian geopolitical design of military neutrality and the convergenceof strategic interests of the two countries. Russia wants to exert a stronginfluence on the Western Balkans, and thus on the security of the EU. Onthe other hand, Serbia wants to position itself as the main actor of powerin the region with simultaneous support from both Russia and the West.
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Present Trends, Emergencies and Their Impact on Supply Chain Security
Present Trends, Emergencies and Their Impact on Supply Chain Security
Keywords: Risk Analysis; Military Logistics; Humanitarian Logistics; Crisis Management.
The article examines the impact of recent geopolitical, economic, and security changes on logistics support capabilities in EU and NATO member states. The study analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the armed conflict in Ukraine on logistics supply chains, considering environmental, social, and security concerns. The research questions focus on identifying the main changes and assessing their implications for commercial, military, and humanitarian logistics. The prolongation of the conflict in Ukraine and the economic sanctions imposed on Russia have been found to have a significant impact on logistics capabilities, perceptions of the structure of supply chains and the risks arising from this. The impact of these events is also producing third-country poverty and dehumanizing the UN SDG goals. On the other hand, improvements in NATO troop readiness and weaponry have been noted. The study highlights the need for further research to investigate specific threats for different types of supply chains and to consider the complex and evolving nature of the issue. Ultimately, this research provides insights into the challenges and opportunities facing logistics capabilities in the context of ongoing geopolitical and environmental changes.
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