CEEOL - Advanced Search

4.50 €

SOME REMARKS ON THE ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION OF THE NORTH-WEST CHURCH AT HIPPOS (SUSITA)

Author(s): Mariusz Burdajewicz / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Late antique Palestine; Hippos; Susita; Decapolis; North-West Church; Ionic order; Roman and Byzantine architecture

Between 2000–2009, the Polish archaeological team under the direction of Jolanta Młynarczyk excavated the so-called North-West Church at Hippos (Susita), one of the cities of the Decapolis located on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. The excavations yielded a rich body of evidence pertaining, among other things, to the various aspects of the church architecture and decoration in Byzantine-Umayyad Palestine. This article is a preliminary summary of the architectural decoration of the church which was built in the sixth century and finally destroyed in the earthquake of 749. It includes the presentation and discussion of the architectural elements like capitals, columns, and column bases. The capitals belong to the so-called blocked-out family of capitals representing the simplified version of the Ionic order. This type of capital has not yet been the topic of systematic and detailed studies, despite the fact that it is often foundas an architectural element in several buildings in the cities of the northern Decapolis, such as, for example, Gadara and Abila. The monolithic column bases used in the church are of the Attic-type, widespread in the eastern Mediterranean from the Herodian period onwards.

More...

4.50 €

LITURGY AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE. THE REDUCTION OF SACRAL SPACE OF CHURCHES IN THE CITIES OF JUND AL-URDUNN

Author(s): Piotr Makowski / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: church; sacral space; restoration; earthquake; Early Islamic period; Jund al-Urdunn

The following paper attempts to examine the process of narrowing of sacral space in churches during the Early Islamic period through the prism of urban changes in the cities of Jund al-Urdunn. An analysis of selected examples shows that after the destruction caused by earthquakes, many churches were only partially restored. Because of the enormous restoration efforts or decreasing needs of Christian communities, they were usually reduced only to the area of the nave or aisles, leaving the remaining parts of the previous edifice in a state of ruin. The phenomenon under discussion seems to be an underestimated aspect of the remarkable continuity of sacral topography during the first centuries after the Islamic conquest. It can be considered also as a symptom of a changing approach to the urban space and the particular resilience of Christians.

More...

4.50 €

MOULDS AND MOULD-MADE CERAMICS FROM THE JARASH HIPPODROME POTTERS’ WORKSHOPS

Author(s): Ina Kehrberg-Ostrasz / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: pottery figurines; moulds; moulded vessels; Roman; Byzantine; pottery workshops; Gerasa/Jarash hippodrome; replicas; iconography; chronology

This paper presents a collection of pottery moulds for ceramic figurines and moulded vessels from the 1984–1996 excavations (Dir. Antoni Ostrasz) of the pottery workshops at the hippodrome site of Gerasa/Jarash. The discussion focuses on their scarcity or singular occurrences among vast amounts of pottery, mould-made lamps and lamp moulds from the Classical periods’ workshops at the site. It is posited that figurines, unlike lamps, are not mass produced and instead ordered by clients and made for specific festivals, elucidating the lack of figurine fragments among the vast pottery waste of workshops which included many lamp fragments. The producer–vendor and client relationship is examined based on the comparison of a small number of finds from other excavated sites in Gerasa/Jarash where figurines had evidently been used. Lastly the paper reflects on replications of mould-made figurine and lamp types in antiquity and iconographic dating criteria in varying find contexts.

More...

4.50 €

A CLAY TOBACCO PIPE FROM RAMLA

Author(s): Anna De Vincenz / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Ottoman smoking pipes; black ceramic pipes; Ottoman period; smoking; Ramla

Presented here is a rare complete Ottoman smoking pipe made of dark gray clay and highly burnished. The pipe is decorated with intricate arabesque garlands, impressed palm branches, leaves, and rouletted patterns. This pipe seems to be locally made, probably in the seventeenth or eighteenth century, combining local elements, such as the floralpattern, and imported ones.

More...

4.50 €

RIVAGES DE LA MER MORTE: PHOTOGRAPHIES INÉDITES, FIN 1908 – DÉBUT 1909

Author(s): Jean-Michel De Tarragon / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: old photos; Dead Sea; École biblique; Jules Prickartz

The article presents 12 out of 45 photos taken by a young Belgian Jules Prickartz during a journey along the shores of the Dead Sea in winter 1908/9, organised by École biblique, and attended by its members, their students and some invited persons. The photos show the way of journeying, life on the stops, sightseeing, landscapes, and ethnographic phenomena.

More...

4.50 €

“ARE YOU EATING ALL THIS, MISTER MARCUS?” TOWARDS A STUDY OF ANCIENT SICILIAN FOOD PRODUCTS AND DIET

Author(s): Roksana Chowaniec / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: ancient diet; Sicily; Mithaecus; Archestratus; cooking-books

This paper presents the history of Sicilian cuisine in antiquity based on written sources and modern scholarship. Ancient Sicily, owing to its central position in the Mediterranean world and abundance of fertile lands, provides a perfect opportunity to study ancient culinary preferences. Research in the ancient town of Akrai, located in south-eastern Sicily serves as an archaeological example.

More...

4.50 €

OIL LAMPS ATTRIBUTED TO THE GAMOS WORKSHOP FOUND IN PTOLEMAIS, CYRENAICA

Author(s): Maria Jaworska / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Gamos workshop; terracotta lamps; Cyrenaica; Crete

During almost ten years of Polish excavations in Ptolemais (Libya), a signifi cant number of terracotta lamps from the Roman Imperial period have been discovered. While searching for supra-regional parallels, it appeared that most of the analogies were found on Crete within a group of locally produced lamps attributed to the workshop of Gamos, operating in the second century AD. This led to an attempt to collect information on all known forms and decorative motifs attributed to the above-mentioned workshop. The finds from Ptolemais presented here constitute an important group in light of still on-going discussion on the provenance, functioning and distribution of lamps signed ΓΑΜΟΥ, and in a broader context, provide a glimpse on the relations between both parts of the province.

More...

4.50 €

RHIZON – CAPITAL OF THE ILLYRIAN KINGDOM – SOME REMARKS

Author(s): Piotr Dyczek / Language(s): English,French / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Rhizon; Illyria; Ballaios; fortifi cations; palatial complex

Archaeological excavations (carried out by the University of Warsaw Centre for Research on Antiquity of South-Eastern Europe) on the site of ancient Rhizon/Risinum (modern Risan in Montenegro) brought to light a great amount of small finds, often of unique character, which testify to the importance and richness of this town in Hellenistic times. Equally important was the discovery of architectural remains, which show that Rhizon played a major role in the third century BC, perhaps that of a capital of the Illyrian Kingdom. Rhizon seems to have been especially connected with King Ballaios. A large, 4656-coin hoard, mostly representing his mint, not only demonstrates the wealth of some of the town’s inhabitants, but also the existence of a developed monetary system at that time. The importance of Rhizon is further confirmed by Cyclopean walls encircling the Lower Town, and the palatial complex, most probably built in the third century BC and remodelled at the end of the same century.

More...

Foreword

Przedsłowie

Author(s): Katarzyna Dworakowska,Sławomir Sztobryn / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: philosophical pedagogy; Kotarbiński; contemporary education; docile tutor

The book discusses Polish philosophical pedagogy against the European background. It examines the work of Tadeusz Kotarbiński and the figure of a docile tutor. The publication concentrates not only on examining the past, but also on diagnosing the present state of Polish philosophical pedagogy and its formative influence on contemporary education. It also looks into the future in order to make possible prognoses.

More...

Ideology riddled with holes – on philosophical pedagogy at a non-philosophical time of a non-philosophical tribe

Ideologia podziurawiona – o pedagogice filozoficznej w nie-filozoficznym czasie nie-filozoficznego plemienia

Author(s): Krzysztof Maliszewski / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: philosophical pedagogy; worldview; ideology; dialectics; hope

One of the greatest theoretical achievements of philosophical pedagogy in the last century is Sergius Hessen’s worldview dialectic. According to this concept, philosophical thinking protects pedagogy and education against ideological degeneration. Ideology is understood here as a gesture of closure (one-sidedness, exclusion of otherness and imperious mobilization). Hessen’s concept allows us to combine issues of the traditional criticism of ideology (manipulation, falsehood) with a more recent approach to it (inevitable social construction). It is also a good starting point for emphasizing the hermeneutical, dialectical and axiological dimensions of philosophical pedagogy. In the historical situation in which we find ourselves, in the midst of neo-tribalism, narcissistic consumerism, the culture of mental distraction, neo-authoritarianism, etc. – i.e. phenomena conducive to the ideologization of social life (including education) – philosophical pedagogy becomes not only an academic way of refl ecting on issues of education, but also an area of existential hope.

More...

Self-instruction – in the pedagogical thought and life of Władysław M. Kozłowski

Samouctwo – w myśli pedagogicznej i życiu Władysława M. Kozłowskiego

Author(s): Katarzyna Wrońska / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: self-instruction; Polish humanism; the ideal of comprehensive education; selfeducation

In the text, the author recalls the concept of self-instruction formulated 100 years ago by the Polish philosopher and educator Władysław M. Kozłowski. In Polish pedagogy it is almost unknown, and we learn about Kozłowski’s merits in the field of instruction and education mainly from texts written by philosophers. Thus, it is worthwhile to explore from a pedagogical perspective and to trace, firstly, the assumptions of Polish humanism, together with the ideal of comprehensive education on which it is based; secondly, elements of the influence of European philosophical thought that can be found in the concept of self-instruction; thirdly, what distinguishes it and what is its potential, which could also be presented to us today, to those that care for and are responsible for the quality of Polish education. This study aims to extract from Poland’s past, i.e. from the time of partitions and from the interwar period, the figure of W.M. Kozłowski, a distinguished educator and humanist, along with his original and still valid – as is assumed – concept of education as an important voice within the philosophy of education.

More...

Metaphysics or ontology of education?

Metafizyka czy ontologia edukacji?

Author(s): Mikołaj Krasnodębski / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: metaphysics; ontology; realism; idealism; education; anthropology

In this article I discuss the philosophical history of idealism and ontology as well as of realism and metaphysics (direct inspiration for this text comes from a book by Piotr Jaroszyński: Metaphysics or Ontology? [Polish edition: Lublin 2011; English edition: Brill, 2018]). The dispute that takes place between these trends influences pedagogy and in many cases determines it. The text indicates the consequences resulting from the adoption of educational ontology or educational metaphysics. They also affect anthropology, ethics, axiology and the practice of upbringing and education.

More...

On the Polish philosophy of education and the pedagogical terminology in the works of Sebastian Petrycy

O polskiej filozofii wychowania i terminologii pedagogicznej w dziełach Sebastiana Petrycego

Author(s): Marcin Wasilewski / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Sebastian Petrycy; Polish philosophy of education; Polish pedagogical terminology

The article presents elements of the philosophy of education in the philosophical works by Sebastian Petrycy of Pilzno (1554–1626). The most important and pioneering pedagogical historiography of the last century has been reviewed (Jan Leniek, Wiktor Wąsik), and then the pedagogical interpretation of Petrycy’s “small pedagogical treatise.” The role of the philosopher from Pilzno in the shaping of Polish pedagogical terminology has also been mentioned.

More...

The reliable guardian at school. Toward a new understanding of tutoring

Opiekun spolegliwy w szkole. W stronę nowego rozumienia tutoringu

Author(s): Karolina Prymas-Jóźwiak / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: reliable guardian; teacher; tutor; mentor; school

The subject of the article is the concept of a reliable guardian viewed from the perspective of the school context. The reflection on its educational and teaching potential as well as its relevance to the contemporary teacher becomes the key theme. The model created by Tadeusz Kotarbiński is an attractive ideal, which, however, is difficult to find in a lively form in the school reality. The text will discuss the possibilities of the application of this model as part of tutoring and mentoring in school and will present some proposals of cultural references that provide inspiring patterns and methods of carrying out reliable guardianship.

More...

Ethics – pedagogics – praxeology: Reflection on Tadeusz Kotarbiński’s thoughts

Etyka – pedagogika – prakseologia: refleksja z myśli Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego

Author(s): Andrzej Sztylka / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: ethics; pedagogics; education; praxeology; activity; efficiency and inefficiency of acting; outer order; inner order; subjectivity as the real status of teacher and pupil; art of living: “doing good”

In Tadeusz Kotarbiński’s outlook on life, both in his attitude toward the world and in the cognitive and practical, real aspect, praxeology and ethics of reliable guardianship are unexpectedly, creatively and masterfully joined with one another within the art of living and education. The most important thing about Tadeusz Kotarbiński is his radically rational drift. Reism, understood in the personally-carnal sense, dictates ethics’ independence from religious beliefs, and praxeology determines the activism of this ethics. Its aim is thus to improve thinking and acting by eliminating appearances, to specify the language in use and to make the mind structures verifiable. The article shows – in some necessary briefness – Kotarbiński’s developed and deepened views upon the general condition of contemporary reality from ethics’ and pedagogics’ point of view, the ethical condition in accordance with the basic assumptions as well as the condition of pedagogics and some postulates for pedagogy. The defense of the so-called invariants, i.e. the resources of empirically and rationally well-founded “ethical truths” – as Maria Dąbrowska and Maria Ossowska used to say – “some simple moral truths humanity leans on” – constitutes one of the biggest tasks for educators. The conclusion resulting from here is that praxeology is helpful in proper pedagogical activity in the process of initiating ethics. The co-existence of ethics, pedagogics and praxeology in the work of improving man’s quality and improving our world, according to Professor Kotarbiński, leads to a general remark that the most important thing in the teacher’s activity is “the real status of the pupil.” The place and the role, the subjective roles of participants taking part in the whole of the personal and social activities, determine both pedagogics’ quality and the sense of one’s whole life. There is a great difference between “doing good” and “doing right.”

More...

Tadeusz Kotarbiński on philosophy and education

Tadeusz Kotarbiński o filozofii i wychowaniu

Author(s): Rafał Marcin Leszczyński / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Tadeusz Kotarbiński; reism; pansomatism; ontology; epistemology; radical realism; independent ethics; upbringing; reliable guardian

The article presents philosophical and educational concepts of Tadeusz Kotarbiński. It discusses the Polish philosopher’s ontology – reism (pansomatism) – and his realistic epistemology. According to Kotarbiński, there are only individual bodily objects; therefore, one should not assign attributes of being to the properties of things, relations and events. The object of cognition is, therefore, constituted by only material things and not mental contents and sensory data. Accepting the above thesis, a follower of reism becomes a practical realist, who considers the realities of the material world and maintains that the material world is the only existing reality. These concepts influenced Kotarbiński’s so-called independent ethics and his educational views. He believed that moral norms and conscience are a product of the evolution of the material world. Evolution developed the people’s belief that a respectable man (a reliable guardian) is a person who protects others from suffering and alleviates the pain of fellow human beings. The aim of education should be to instil the qualities of a reliable guardian in pupils. As part of upbringing, one does not have to refer to religion, but only to independent ethics, based on human conscience and a natural sense of good and evil.

More...

The views of Tadeusz Kotarbiński – inspiration for contemporary philosophy of education in a democratic society

Poglądy Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego – inspiracje dla współczesnej filozofii edukacji w społeczeństwie demokratycznym

Author(s): Danuta Anna Michałowska / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: young generation; philosophy of education; democratic education; virtues of democracy; cognitive competences; ethical and philosophical education; independent ethics; praxeology; practical realism

Taking care of the quality of education is one of the priorities of a democratic society. What kind of philosophy of education do we need today to prepare members of a democratic society to be better, wiser and more creative? The attempt to answer this question will be presented in the context of the consumptionism, neoliberalism and the problems of the young generation caused by rapid and profound political, social and economic transformations of a global character. The history of philosophical reflection about education is one of the sources of inspiration, especially including the significant contribution of Tadeusz Kotarbiński and his thoughts on independent ethics, praxeology, practical realism and universal patriotism. The other sources of inspiration, which provide us with important information, are the analysis of current problems of young people, such as loneliness, phonoholism, consumerism, egoism, depression, high suicide rates, deepening social inequalities and poverty. These two perspectives: philosophical reflection and life experiences of the young generation as well as educational practice may be important determinants for defining the direction of innovative changes in the Polish education and in the democratic society. These include cognitive, communication and ethical competences, which are important in the process of gaining professional qualifications by teachers and in the process of the school education of students – ethical and philosophical education viewed as an area of realizing Kotarbiński’s praxeological and ethical guidelines and developing sensitivity to the system of democratic values and the virtues of democracy.

More...

“A decent human being” – the ideal of moral upbringing. Reflections inspired by the ethical views of Tadeusz Kotarbiński

„Człowiek porządny” – ideał wychowania moralnego. Na kanwie rozważań etycznych Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego

Author(s): Alicja Żywczok / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: decent human being; moral upbringing; ideal; moral virtue; conscience; independent ethics; ethical minimalism

The author of the text performed a reconstruction and a creative interpretation of the ethical views of Tadeusz Kotarbiński, especially those related to the principal ideal of the moral upbringing, i.e. the shaping of the so-called decent human being. The text is an attempt at providing answers to several research questions, including: 1. How to define “a decent human being”? What traits of character, personality or behavior should be used? The following will be considered: dignity, valor, resourcefulness, entrepreneurship, responsibility, solidarity, truthfulness, honesty, kindness, ethical alertness. 2. What part does the field of moral sensitivity, referred to as “conscience,” play in the upbringing of “a decent human being”? 3. How, in the context of intellectual ethical minimalism, does “a decent human being”perceive suffering, wrongs or injustice? 4. What is moral upbringing (of “a decent human being”) in the upbringing environment (school, family, society)?

More...

The project of anthropagogy. Premises of Kotarbiński’s philosophy of education

Projekt antropagogii. Przesłanki filozofii wychowania Kotarbińskiego

Author(s): Sławomir Sztobryn / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: pedagogy; philosophy of education; Kotarbiński; anthropagogy

The three areas that constitute specific vectors of T. Kotarbiński’s research in the field of philosophy of education are reism, praxeology and ethics. The concept of anthropagogy developed by him on this basis included the theory of effective and efficient action, acting in a real, concrete world with a clearly defined ethical model of a mature man. Anthropagogy for Kotarbiński was a way out of the traditional mode of education, usually narrowed down to a small age group and typical educational institutions, such as family, school and church. His anthropagogical ideas led him to oppose the past but historically long-standing tendency in our culture of encyclopedic education. He also wanted to pursue the classical, ancient ideal of education through art when he was creating his poetry. The philosophy of education that Kotarbiński propagated in his anthropagogy was heading in a diffrent direction than realizing any social ideology. His first concept was that of a reliable guardian, who could be any man building any social system. This was possible due to the specificity of his independent ethics, which included three areas that were of particular interest to Kotarbiński and that deepened the understanding of anthropagogy. These were: felicitology, praxeology and proper ethics, which he understood to be reflection on decent life. The philosophical foundation of anthropagogy consisted of, among others, atheism, materialistic ontology, determinism, analysis of principles of social development, understanding of history.

More...

Members. The polyphony of the philosophy of education

Posłowie. Wielogłos filozofii wychowania

Author(s): Rafał Godoń / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: philosophical pedagogy; Kotarbiński; contemporary education; docile tutor

More...