Възникване и еволюция на травматологията и хирургията в древна Европа
Origin and evolution of traumatology and surgery in ancient Europe

Summary/Abstract: The most ancient remains of modern humans (Homo sapiens) in Europe (c. 47,000 to c. 45,000 BP, before c. 47 to c. 45 thousand years ago) were discovered in the Bacho Kiro Cave near Dryanovo in Bulgaria [2,3]. Basic needs for first aid treatment after injuries led to the emergence of medicine and traumatology in the Palaeolithic. The evolution of traumatology and surgery was remarkable. Trepanations performed c. 7,000 years ago by the Thraco-Pelasgians during the period of the Danube Civilisation, also known as the Danube-Black Sea Civilisation, are among the most complex surgical interventions. Some were performed in cult-related posthumous rituals. The most remarkable discoveries are trepanations that have been made during the lifetime of patients, performed as early as 5th millennium BC.

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