МЕДИЦИНАТА В ДРЕВЕН ЕГИПЕТ
MEDICINE IN ANCIENT EGYPT

Summary/Abstract: It is known that the roots of medicine in ancient Egypt are millennial. Manetho, an Egyptian priest from Heliopolis (3rd century BC) wrote a chronological history of the great civilisation, its rulers and dynasties for Ptolemy II Philadelphus, also known as Ptolemy the Great. In the book he told the remarcable story of one of the earliest kings of the ancient state, called Atoti (Atotis) of the I dynasty (3100 - 3050 BC). He was also a physician and authored an anatomy book. Twelve papyrus scrolls with medical texts are currently known. The most interesting, studied and discussed are those written during the XVIII dynasty, reviewed in the current article. These manuscripts, as well as the testimonies of ancient historians and writers, and as images on the walls of tombs and tombstones, give information about the medical knowledge of the ancient Egyptians. During the epoch there were already specialists in ophthalmology, cardiology, dentistry, surgery, etc. In the current article we analyse that knowledge, which has surprising similarities to present practices in many countries.

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