Hejt czy nie hejt? Oto jest pytanie. Wstępne rozważania o internetowych definicjach i opisach hejtu
Is it hate, or is it not hate? That is the question. Preliminary remarks on Internet definitions and descriptions of hate

Summary/Abstract: This article presents results of a qualitative analysis of definitions and descriptionsof hate created by Internet users. Hate is usually considered to be a type of deliberateaction aimed at harming other people. It is also defined as a form of language use andidentified with hate speech. According to Internet users, hate violates the standardsof speech and has an emotional aspect, i.e. it is used to express or instil particularemotions. The article analyses the three aforementioned categories of hate – hate as anaction, language and emotion. Furthermore, the characteristics of hate most commonlyindicated by Internet users are presented: lack of factual value, use of personal arguments, lack of a rational reason for the attack, anonymity and evil intentions of the hater,negative emotional content, disregard for etiquette and netiquette and an unlimited scopeof references. The article also scrutinizes differences and similarities between hate andcriticism and presents both phenomena from the perspective of Internet users.

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