Obszar transformacji górniczo-energetycznej w województwie łódzkim w kontekście wygaszania kompleksu energetycznego w Bełchatowie a zagadnienie sprawiedliwej transformacji
The Area of Mining and Energy Transformation in the Łódź Province in the Context of the Decommissioning of the Energy Complex in Bełchatów and the Issues of Just Transformation

Summary/Abstract: For many years, the European Union has been consistently striving to minimise its environmental impact, use resources more sustainably, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, protect biodiversity, and abandon the use of fossil fuels. That is to lead to create a low- and zero-emission economy and achieve climate neutrality in the European Union by 2050. The energy transformation, i.e., departure from using from fossil fuels and technologies based on them to zero-emission energy sources, entails challenges, especially for countries such as Poland. In 2021, over 80% of the electricity generated in Poland came from the combustion of lignite, hard coal, and natural gas. Environmental considerations were the main motive for initiating the transformation. The process aims at shaping systems based on renewable energy sources, or alternatively, on sources with low emission of substances harmful to the atmosphere (dust, greenhouse gases). It will cause decarbonisation, which will be particularly painful for regions whose economies are significantly dependent on large mining and energy complexes, such as Kopania Węgla Brunatnego Bełchatów and Elektrownia Bełchatów. One of the key elements supporting the transformation in the EU is the Just Transition Mechanism. It aims to support a well-thought-out and planned policy of changing the economic profile of regions where the coal and lignite mining and processing industry played an important role. This article aims to determine the effects of the shutdown of the Energy Complex in Bełchatów.

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