19. Yüzyıl Türkiye’sinde “Medeniyet”in Kavramlaşma Süreci ve “Medeniyet”e İlişkin Tutumlar
The Conceptual Process of “Medeniyet” and Attitudes to “Medeniyet” in 19th Century Turkey

Summary/Abstract: 18th-century Western European states and societies underwent profound changes in their worldview, understanding, social institutions, and functioning. The French labeled this new state as "civilisation," which became the cherished ideal for societies aspiring to emulate the West. In the 19th century, Ottoman bureaucrats, journalists, and writers exhibited diverse attitudes towards the mindset and lifestyle embodied by civilisation. Some vehemently criticized it, while others exalted it as the epitome of "medeniyet" (civilization) in all aspects. Certain individuals sought to validate civilisation within the Ottoman mindset and way of life, while also endeavoring to reveal the path towards attaining it. This research delves into the process of civilisation transforming into "medeniyet" and the intellectual debates surrounding the connotations attributed to "medeniyet."

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