ERKEN CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİNDE ÖJENİST GÖRÜŞLER VE UYGULAMALAR YAHUT MÜSTAKBEL NESLİN ISLAHI
EUGENIST VIEWS AND PRACTICES IN THE EARLY REPUBLICAN ERA OR BREEDING THE FUTURE GENERATION

Summary/Abstract: Eugenicist practices are the main characteristic of the population policies conducted in the world of the 1930s. The eugenicist approach was realised according to one of two different styles in accordance with the definitions of "positive" and "negative". The positive approach encompasses views and practices that aim to ensure that current or future generations have healthy and robust bodies. The negative approach, on the other hand, encompasses the views and practices aimed at realising the improvement of the race/species by "weeding out" individuals who are considered "defective" or "abnormal" from the society. The practices of the eugenicist approach that attract reactions are almost always related to "negative eugenics". Eugenist views and practices in Türkiye in the 1930s were of a "positive" nature; although views that could be considered "negative" were expressed, these were exceptions and were never seen in practice. The main reason for eugenicist practices in Türkiye was the problematic demographic structure inherited from the Ottoman Empire. In order to restore this demographic structure to its normal structure and functioning, a pronatalist population policy was followed. Many and healthy children have been the main goal of pronatalist policies. The eugenicist approach contributed to the quality of the policies. This research aims to analyse the eugenicist policies of the 1930s in terms of marriage, sexuality and physical education based on the written sources of the period and determine the eugenicist approaches and practices of the period.

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