Dwa typy histerezy w modelach ekonomiczno-społecznych i pokrewnych
Two types of hysteresis in economic-sociological and related models

Summary/Abstract: Generally, hysteresis phenomenon means dependence of the state of the system not only on outer variables but on the former state of the system itself. Very often, this effect is nearly invisible. However, there is a range of phenomena in which it plays an important role and has to be taken into account in their realistic description. In one category of phenomena hysteresis effect leads the system to be “trapped” in a certain state: social, ecological or economical. This may be a very dangerous property of the system, especially from the point of view of its human participant. The more so, the less conscious of such possibility he is. In the other category of phenomena there may appear oscillations of two mutually dependent variables. In this paper both of these effects, “traps” and oscillations, are briefly presented on examples of three kinds of systems: physical, ecological and socio-economical.

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