Stopień komercjalizacji polskich wynalazków. Patenty akademickie a patenty biznesu
The degree of commercialisation of Polish inventions. Academic patents vs. business patents

Summary/Abstract: The aim of this article is to determine the commercial potential of inventions patented by Polish universities and enterprises. For the purposes of this work we have used a method of analysis of patent documents for the occurrence of so-called dead patents, i.e. inventions that had been granted protection but their protection had expired before it was formally granted, which – in the opinion of the authors – is very likely to indicate that these inventions have not been used in the economic practice. The document analysis of almost 2000 patents granted by the Polish Patent Office to 8 Polish universities and 20 Polish enterprises in 2005–2011 has shown that the commercial value of academic inventions was relatively small compared to inventions of enterprises. While over 82% of the total of patented technical solutions of enterprises had the opportunity to be used in practice, it was only slightly over a half in the case of academic centers. Additionally, as many as 15 enterprises had a complete set of patents with commercial potential while in the case of universities there were none. Paradoxically, the leaders among entities with the largest number of unused patents were the leaders in terms of the largerst number of obtained exclusive rights.

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