Darybinių sinonimų, darybinių variantų ir paronimų panašumai bei skirtumai
Similarities and Differences of Derivative Synonyms, Derivative Variants, and Paronyms

Summary/Abstract: In linguistics, the synonyms are considered to be the language units that possess the identical or related meaning, variants – the differences of the same language unit, and the paronyms are mostly considered to be the words with different meanings that are close in their expression. The derivative synonyms and derivative variants that are mentioned not in all linguistic works are the types of synonyms and variants. It is noted that the same language phenomena are sometimes named not by the same terms, or, on the contrary, while analyzing the formations that are considered to be derivative synonyms or derivative variants such terms are not generally used. In the present paper, the conceptions of derivative synonyms, derivative variants, and paronyms that are presented in various linguistic works are presented as well as the differences and similarities of the words that are named by these terms are discussed. The formative of derivative (expression) is proposed to be the objective criteria of difference between derivative synonyms and derivative variants. Derivative synonyms are proposed to be the conjugate derivatives of the same or close meaning that are formed from different derivation formatives (stigimas – stygius – stiga, pertįsa – pertįsėlis, rėkoti – rėkauti). Derivative variants are proposed to be the derivatives of the same derivative affix and which have the same underlying words, that differ in some secondary formation means, e. g. 1) the same suffix varies (bėgsnoti / bėgšnoti), the same prefix (užausis / užuausis) or / and the derivatives of the same suffix or prefix differ in their endings (kartokas / kartokus, povėsis / povėsus); 2) the derivatives of the same suffix, ending, prefix or the compounds made of the same underlying words differ in root vowel or consonant change (pakaitalas / pakeitalas, sagė / segė, pokurtis / pokurčis, saulėlydis / saulėleidis); 3) the prefix of the underlying word varies in the derivatives with the same ending (apyvaras / apvaras); 4) the compounds made of the same underlying words differ in connective vowel and / or ending (tarpukalnė / tarpkalnė / tarpkalnis). If the derivatives of the identical meaning that have different derivative formatives are considered to be derivative variants, the conception of derivative synonyms is narrowed – the absolute synonyms are as if denied (e. g. aplankalas – aplankas may be considered to be the derivatives of such type). The words that have different meaning but sound similarly and which have the same or different roots are considered to be paronyms (aliuzija – iliuzija, efektingas – efektyvus). When the paronyms are considered to be the words that have not only different but also the similar meaning, they are basically identified with lexical (bimbti – zimbti – zvimbti) or derivative (žiauksėti – žiaukčioti) synonyms.

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