RRETH ABSTRAKTIMIT GJUHËSOR DHE ZHVILLIMEVE SEMANTIKE NË GJUHËN SHQIPE
ABOUT LINGUISTIC ABSTRACTION AND SEMANTIC DEVELOPMENTS IN ALBANIAN LANGUAGE

Summary/Abstract: In the first part of the paper, there are defined the units’ limits and identities of the various linguistic levels in Albanian language and, regarding to them, what is their meaning, from the phoneme to the compound word. Certainly, the linguistic "meaning" of phonemes is essentially the same, as their function in units larger than them. Lexical units are studied first from the possible semantics, and further in the field of theory and lexicographic practice: What requires lexicography and what has to know the lexicographer about lexical units that are included in the lexicographic works, essentially what it takes to obtain right and full explanations of lexical meanings. There are discussed the connections of lexical meaning with the concept and the realm that it represents, further, there is presented the typology of lexical semantics, giving the commonalities and the differences between general, categorial and special meanings, couples meanings: front<> Derivative , direct <> figuratively, concrete <> abstract and further, between proper lexical meanings and terminological meanings. In the second part of the study there is treated one of the most important categories of lexical semantics as well, linguistic abstraction in Albanian language. It is paid great attention to this category in this study, because it is related directly to the explanation of lexical meanings, regardless of abstraction level. There are examined theoretically and with numerous examples from Albanian language how is the abstraction displayed in units of major subsystems of the Albanian language: lexical abstraction, formative abstraction and grammatical abstraction, thus, from the lowest and of more 'concrete' level of abstraction to the highest and of the most "abstract" level of it. In the study, they are separated and there are detected differences, but the explanation of the lexical meanings unites them in a single statement the three levels. In the light of these levels there are noticed also the differences between lexical and grammatical meaning, lexical meaning and the function of linguistic unit, general lexical meaning and terminological meaning, lexical meaning and connotative nuances, all proven with sufficient examples. There is also emphasized the difference between the semantic and formative origin and hyponymy (example the hyponymy of the lexeme- man). With the above issues are also related two important categories for lexical semantics: the presence of figures and symbolism in language, which are treated in the third part of the study, how are they presented in the Albanian language in the phonetic, grammatical and lexical level. In the lexicon there are beyond explored the real meaning discrepancies with the lexical meaning of the word, figurative meanings that are obtained through the symbolic language on the basis of linguistic tropes, and the semantic interchange of words with similar meanings. The study aims to detect the features of Albanian language, therefore there are mentioned numerous examples of words with their meanings, through which are revealed these features. For this purpose serves the used theoretical system.

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