PUŁAPKA ŚREDNIEGO DOCHODU ZAGROŻENIEM DLA ROZWOJU GOSPODARKI POLSKIEJ
THE MIDDLE-INCOME TRAP AS THE THREAT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLISH ECONOMY

Summary/Abstract: The aim of article is to present the definition of “middle-income trap” as well as to indicate the weakest factors in Polish economy, which could result in a long-run slowdown of economic growth due to the lack of the ability to create and implement the innovations as well as to improve the efficiency in economy (Lewis’s model). Poland is a middle-income country, and some classifications say it is even a high-income country. The analysis of the aggregated indicators shows that in Poland there are, inter alia, the outflow of talented human capital, the negative relation between the expenditure and the income as related to property rights, and the low share of the R&D expenditure in the GDP. The analysis of the sub-indexes of the Global Competitiveness Index and the Index of Economic Freedom indicates an even greater disproportion between Poland and the best economies taking into consideration the selected categories. The quality assessment is not optimistic in relation to the education and the cooperation between the industry and the universities. There is a need to change the social behaviour in order to improve the mutual trust and to create the conditions supporting scholars’ creativity as well as to improve the relationship between payments and productivity.

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