OPPIDUM SCARBANTIA IULIA
OPPIDUM SCARBANTIA IULIA

Summary/Abstract: In this paper the author examined Plinius’ data concerning the oppidum Scarbantia Iulia. In the 1st part the several meanings of the word oppidum were studied on the basis of Serv. auct. Aen. 9, 605, esp. in the work of Pliny, the Elder. It was pointed out that the oppidum was not an independent settlement form but it could substitute all kinds of provileged settlements (colonia, municipium, civitas, polis). The oppida civium Romanorum by Pliny were surely municipia. In the following the settlements with imperial cognomina were examined on the basis of the work of B. Galsterer—Kröll. It was showed that in the work of Pliny Scarbantia would be the only non-privileged settlement with the cognomen Iulia, therefore it can be supposed that Scarbantia was not a Tiberian conventus but a municipium which was reestablished in the Flavian period. The Norico-Pannonian chapters of the NatHist III, 146—148 were also examined with their sources. The most important observation was that the deserta Boiorum and the lacus Pelso never belonged to Noricum as it was supposed earlier. The verb iungitur-iunguntur means in the works of Pliny the vicinity of an area to the other. The deserta did not belong to Pannonia either because of the adverb inde of the III, 147. In the Augustan period the Boii and the other Transdanubian tribes had most probably only some kind of foedus. In the 2nd part of the paper the author studied the problem of the foundation of the province Pannonia on the basis of this new possibility. Our archaeological and epigraphic data confirm the early foundation of Scarbantia. This fact shows that the adjective Iulia was not Pliny’s false data. On the basis of this adjective the foundation of the civilian province was executed in the late Tiberian period. In the Addendum the question of the reestablished towns (coloniae and municipia) was studied. There are several data which show that Scarbantia could not be the only renamed settlement of the Roman world, therefore this possibility cannot be ruled out.

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