Innowacyjność gospodarek w kontekście zmian strukturalnych w zatrudnieniu i kształceniu
Innovativeness of Economies in the Context of Structural Changes in Employment and Education

Summary/Abstract: The article attempts at identifying the structural characteristics of both employment and education that are conducive to innovativeness of national economies. The author assumes that innovation is determined on the one hand by structural changes in the economy, as manifested in a modern employment structure, and on the other by the structure of higher education which corresponds to the needs of innovative economy. This study report consists of three sections. In the first one, the Summary Innovation Index (SII) was used as the instrument for selecting the European economies with the highest level of innovation to establish the benchmark for further analysis. The second part presents results of a comparative study on the structure of employment across the EU member countries. The comparative analysis is continued in the third part, but there it focuses on the number and structure of higher education graduates by field of study. The analysis covers the years 2008–2016 and its spatial scope covers the EU-28. The methods used include both descriptive and analytical approach, including comparative analysis. The analysis results show that the countries normally seen as the “Leaders of Innovation” set certain directions of structural change which may or may not be followed by the runners-up. Changes in the structure of economy, in their turn, give rise to changes in the level and fields of education.

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