Demonstrativum {to} w kontekście czasowników epistemiczno-mownych (o delimitacji jednostek języka)
Demonstrativum {to} (‘that’) within the verbs of saying something (on delimitation of lexical units)

Summary/Abstract: The paper analyzes the expressions belonging to the class of verbs of saying something with regard to their argument (propositional complement) which might be introduced by the operator {to} (demonstrative pronoun). This feature of the verbs may contribute to the pertinent delimitation of units of language and to explaining the syntactic transformations rules and their restrictions depending on the type of argument of the verb, and also to reconstruct relevant semantic structure of the lexical unit. Socalled variation in introducing propositional complement (by {to} or without it) should be considered as follows: 1) one lexical unit is used with: a) different arguments of the verb or b) alternative realisation of the same argument, and 2) there are different units of language with the same verb expression. The problem of testing semantic hypotheses with the negation test and their verification depending on the form of the verb in a sentence has also been examined.

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