Осврт на историјски развој новог јавног менаџмента у појединим земљама – Велика Британија, САД и Канада
Review of the Historical Development of new Public Management in Certain Countries – Great Britain, USA and Canada

Summary/Abstract: The reforms that have been implemented in entire public administration and public sector in Great Britain represent continuous action of several British governments in last four decades, regardless of their ideological differences. This leads us to conclude that all these governments have had certain motifs which governed them to exercise reforms of public sector in a systematic and continuous way regardless of their ideological differences and distinct conceptual approaches towards certain social issues. These motifs, which can be discerned at first sight, are the consequence of the globalization process which is connected to continuous, more – less explicit global recession and desire to maintain competitiveness of national economy in unstable global macroeconomic environment , even at the expense of decreasing the public sector. From that point of view, any government, left or right, did not have much room for manoeuvre, but had to attempt to get as much as possible from rather unfavourable and turbulent circumstances. The models of new public management in USA and Canada lack comprehensive reform programs, such as those existing in Great Britain and New Zealand. All major factors supporting radical reforms did not form a constellation in USA and Canada: economic pressure, commit ment of top management and clear ideology. Key factor in Canadian reform was the economic pressure, while in USA it was the dedication of political leaders, such as Al Gore. Despite different causal factors and different political systems, the reform programs in Canada and USA have certain similarities – the importance to carry them according to bottom up approach and the efforts invested by local governments. Also, the efforts of middle level line managers should be commended since their ideas and suggestions have largely contributed to inventive pograms. The influence of ideas coming from private sector such as quality of services, total quality management and reconstruction of business processes has had a significant impact, as well as the significance of intiatives aimed at improving the quality of services and introducing of performance indicators and objectives. Finally, assigning the leading role to information technologies was a key to success – these two countries are the leaders in revolutionizing information technology and using of alternative mechanisms of service offering (instead of offering larger structural reforms of public administration). These alternative mechanisms surpass the boundaries between ministries and administration levels and assume partnerships between partners from private and non-profit sector.

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